Leonardo da Vinci

With the genius and legacy of Leonardo da Vinci having captivated authors and scholars generations after his death, the following examples of "Da Vinci fiction" can be found in culture and literature. Sheffield remains a great hitter with an on base and slugging high numbers, even to this day. his tank. His bat speed, cited among the best in the American League, allows him to make contact with almost any pitch and keeps his strikeouts low; however, it also makes it nearly impossible for him to check his swing, due to the momentum of his bat. While most of Leonardo's inventions were not realized, many were technologically feasible as it was demonstrated recently, e.g. Sheffield's immense strength allows him to induce a lot of torque on the bat, producing a unique swing that nonetheless drives the ball far upon contact. In January 2005, researchers discovered the hidden laboratory used by Leonardo da Vinci for studies of flight and other pioneering scientific work in previously sealed rooms at a monastery next to the Basilica of the Santissima Annunziata, in the heart of Florence.[6]. A free agent before the 2004 season, he signed with the New York Yankees.

They remained obscure until the 19th century, and were not directly of value to the development of science and technology. Sheffield also stole his 200th bag on September 6th of that year off the Pittsburgh Pirates and made his seventh All-Star team appearance as a starting outfielder. Technological historian Lewis Mumford suggests that Leonardo kept notebooks as a private journal, intentionally censoring his work from those who might irresponsibly use it (the tank, for instance). He smashed 39 home runs and drove in 132 runs, breaking the Atlanta record of 127 set by Hank Aaron. Why Leonardo did not publish or otherwise distribute the contents of his notebooks remains a mystery to those who believe that Leonardo wanted to make his observations public knowledge. After an injury plagued season, in 2003 Sheffield resumed his place as one of the most feared hitters in baseball. In his years in the Vatican, he planned an industrial use of solar power, by employing concave mirrors to heat water. Sheffield missed ten of his last twelve games because of a sprained left thumb.

Other inventions include a submarine, a cog-wheeled device that has been interpreted as the first mechanical calculator, and a car powered by a spring mechanism. But his hits again were clutch, with 23 game-winning RBI for the Braves. even though he later held war to be the worst of human activities. However, Sheffield had a sub-par season by his standards only hitting 25 home runs and driving in 84 runs. Owing to his sometime employment as a military engineer, his notebooks also contain several designs for military machines: machine guns, an armoured tank powered by humans or horses, cluster bombs, etc. He reached base in 52 consecutive games, breaking Dale Murphy's Atlanta record of 48 games. It was never built, but Leonardo's vision was resurrected in 2001 when a smaller bridge based on his design was constructed in Norway. Sheffield spent his 2002 season with the Atlanta Braves.

The bridge was intended to span an inlet at the mouth of the Bosphorus known as the Golden Horn. His 17 outfield assists ranked second in the NL. In 1502 Leonardo da Vinci produced a drawing of a single span 720-foot (240 m) bridge as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Beyazid II of Constantinople. Again, his deft fieldwork paid off. On January 3, 1496 he unsuccessfully tested a flying machine he had constructed. He hit his 300th career home run in July 21. Fascinated by the phenomenon of flight, Leonardo produced detailed studies of the flight of birds, and plans for several flying machines, including a helicopter powered by four men (which would not have worked since the body of the craft would have rotated) and a light hang-glider which could have flown. He also supplied the only scoring by homering in April 2, against the Brewers, and in May 7, against Florida.

It is not known if an attempt was made to build the device. On June 12, he became the first player in major league history to win three 1-0 games in a season with a home run, when he solos to beat the Braves, 1-0. The design, which has come to be called Leonardo's robot, was probably made around the year 1495 but was rediscovered only in the 1950s. Twenty-three of his 36 homeruns gave the Dodgers the lead or tied the game, and he also extended his career seasons with twenty or more home runs to ten. His study of human anatomy led also to the design of the first known robot in recorded history. He had 36 home runs and 100 RBI while hitting .311. Because he actively searched for bodily deformed people to paint them, he is also considered to be the beginner of caricature. In 2001 Sheffield played with a painful sprained left index finger.

It is important to note that he was not only interested in structure but also in function, so he was anatomist and physiologist at the same time. For one month from June 10 to July 13, he hit .500. He not only studied the anatomy of human, but also of other beings. Sheffield reached base safely in 123 of 141 games, ending with a .438 on base percentage that ranked him third in the NL, and had the second best home run-hitting ratio (one-for-11.7 at bat). He was a master of topographic anatomy. He also set a team record by hitting his 41st home run, surpassing the old mark set by Mike Piazza. He often drew muscles and tendons of the cervical muscles and of the shoulder. He became the first Dodger to hit .300 with 30 homers, 100 RBI, 100 runs and 100 walks in consecutive seasons.

He was one of the firsts who drew the fetus in the intrauterine position (he wished to learn about "the miracle of pregnancy"). 2000 was one of Sheffield's best offensive seasons ever. He drew many images of the lungs, mesentery, urinary tract, sex organs, and even coitus. He finished the season strong hitting home runs in four of his last six games. He was also able to represent exceptionally well the human skull and cross-sections of the brain (transversal, sagittal, and frontal). On August 22, Sheffield hit his career sixth grand slam off reliever Steve Montgomery. He also studied the inclination of pelvis and sacrum and stressed that sacrum was not uniform, but composed of five vertebrae. He finished with a team-high 101 walks and a .407 on base percentage.

Leonardo drew many images of the human skeleton, and was the first to describe the double S form of the backbone. In his first full season with the Dodgers in 1999, Sheffield batted .304 with 34 home runs and 101 RBI and again was selected to the All-Star Game. However, his book was published only in 1580 (long after his death) under the heading Treatise on painting. He also wiped twenty bags, making this the first time he had reached the 20/20 plateau, and struck out only once for every 11.9 at bats. Together with Marcantonio, he prepared to publish a theoretical work on anatomy and made more than 200 drawings. He played in a combined 130 games with Florida and the Dodgers during that season, batting .302 with 22 home runs and 85 RBI, despite missing the last 25 games after suffering a severely sprained left ankle. In 30 years, Leonardo dissected 30 male and female corpses of different ages. In 1998 Sheffield was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers.

From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre (1481 to 1511). He also hit 21 home runs with 71 RBI and collected his 1000th career hit off Alan Benes. Later he dissected also in Milano in the hospital Maggiore and in Rome in the hospital Santo Spirito (the first mainland Italian hospital). He had 14 outfield assists, which ranked third in the league. As he became successful as an artist, he was given permission to dissect human corpses at the hospital Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. Sheffield wasn't only a great hitter but a deft fielder. Leonardo started to discover the anatomy of the human body at the time he was apprenticed to Andrea del Verrocchio, as his teacher insisted that all his pupils learn anatomy. The following season, Sheffield led the 1997 World Champions Marlins with a .424 on base percentage and 121 walks.

As did most people at the time, he believed that the Sun revolved around the Earth, and that the Moon reflects the sun's light due to its being covered by water. He also broke ten of the Marlin's individual club records and made his third All-Star berth. Since he lacked formal education in Latin and mathematics, contemporary scholars mostly ignored Leonardo the scientist. This was his first full year without going on the DL. Throughout his life, he planned a grand encyclopedia based on detailed drawings of everything. Sheffield had his career-best numbers in 1996, after hit 42 home runs with 120 RBI, 118 runs, 163 hits, and 142 walks in 161 games. His approach to science was an observatory one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail, and did not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanations. Still he ranked third on the team with 19 stolen bases and third with 55 walks.

This is explainable by the fact that it is easier to pull a quill pen than to push it; by using mirror-writing, the left-handed writer is able to pull the pen from right to left. A torn ligament in his left thumb limited him to only 63 games. He was left-handed and used mirror writing throughout his life. Injury plagued him again in the 1995 season with the Marlins. These notes were made and maintained through Leonardo's travels through Europe, during which he made continual observations of the world around him. At the time of his injury Sheffield had a career high .584 slugging percentage; ninth in the league. Perhaps even more impressive than his artistic work are his studies in science and engineering, recorded in notebooks comprising some 13,000 pages of notes and drawings, which fuse art and science. His shoulder bothered him again, and he spent two stints on the disabled list with a bruised rotator cuff and an irritated labrum in his left shoulder.

Chiaroscuro is the technique of modelling and defining forms through contrasts of light and shadow. During the 1994 strike shortened season, Sheffield hit 27 home runs in only 87 games, breaking a Marlins season-record. It is characterized by subtle transitions between colour areas, creating an atmospheric haze or smoky effect. He had an average season driving in only 73 runs with 17 stolen bases, and his on base percentage was still in the mid to high 300s. One of them, a colour shading technique called sfumato, used a series of custom-made glazes by Leonardo. He made history as the first player from a first year expansion team to start an All-Star Game. Leonardo pioneered new painting techniques in many of his pieces. Sheffield began 1993 with the Padres but was traded to the Florida Marlins midseason.

After producing a fantastic variety of studies in preparation for the work, he left the city, with the mural unfinished due to technical difficulties. He was honored by The Sporting News with the Player of the Year and Comeback Player of the Year awards. After returning to Florence, he was commissioned for a large public mural, The Battle of Anghiari; his rival Michelangelo was to paint the opposite wall. Sheffield led the league with a .330 average, and hit 33 home runs with 100 RBI and a .385 on base percentage. (In 1999 a pair of full-scale statues based on his plans were cast, one erected in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the other in Milan [5].) The Hunt Museum in Limerick, Ireland has a small bronze horse, thought to be the work of an apprentice from Leonardo's original design. He made a run at becoming the first National League Triple Crown winner since Joe Medwick in 1937. Because of war with France, the project was never finished. Unhappy in Milwaukee, Sheffield was traded to the San Diego Padres before the 1992 season.

In Milan he spent 17 years making plans and models for a monumental seven metre (24 ft) high horse statue in bronze called "Gran Cavallo". In 1991 he was limited to only 50 games because of lingering wrist and shoulder problems. None of his sculptures have survived. He also had a team high 25 stolen bases. Of his paintings, only seventeen survived. He broke out in 1990 with the Milwaukee Brewers, batting .294 with 67 RBI. After extensive, ambitious plans and many drawings, the painting was left unfinished and Leonardo left for Milan. He is one of the most feared right handed hitters in all of baseball, known for his pre-swing waggle and unmatched bat speed.

For example, in 1481 he was commissioned to paint the altarpiece The Adoration of the Magi. Sheffield has posted high-caliber numbers wherever he's played. Leonardo often planned grandiose paintings with many drawings and sketches, only to leave the projects unfinished. . The name Mona Lisa is not the one given to the piece of art at the time, nor was it known by this title until much later. He bats and throws right handed. It is well known that Leonardo made extensive use of many tricks in this painting, including the so-called Golden Ratio. He has since played for the San Diego Padres, Florida Marlins, Los Angeles Dodgers, Atlanta Braves and the New York Yankees as a right fielder.

Thousands of people see it each year in the Louvre, perhaps drawing their own interpretation on what is known as the Mona Lisa's most infamous and enigmatic feature - her smile. Sheffield was originally drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers as an infielder. He most likely kept it with him at all times, and did not travel without it. He was born in Tampa, Florida, where he played on the same high school team as his uncle, Dwight Gooden. Though there is significant debate whether Leonardo himself painted the Mona Lisa, or whether it was the work of his students, it is known that it was probably his favourite piece. Gary Antonian Sheffield (born November 18, 1968) is an American baseball player. Leonardo is well known for his artistry and paintings, such as Last Supper (Ultima Cena or Cenacolo, in Milan) 1498, and the Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda, now at the Louvre in Paris), 1503-1506. The Red Sox fan had his season ticket revoked, while Sheffield was not penalized by major league baseball.

Melzi was his principal heir and executor, but Salai was not forgotten: he received half of Leonardo's vineyard. Although most baseball commentators concluded that Sheffield had done nothing wrong, the incident drew headlines because of the melee in 2004 involving players and fans during a Pistons-Pacers NBA game. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise. After he threw the ball, he appeared to consider entering the stands to confront the fan, before stadium security staff appeared. According to his wish, 60 beggars followed his casket. Sheffield pushed the fan back prior to throwing the ball into the infield. Leonardo da Vinci died at Clos Lucé, France, on 2nd May, 1519. On April 14, 2005 at Fenway Park, while playing for the New York Yankees in a game against the Boston Red Sox, Sheffield was involved in an incident where a fan apparently struck him in the face while Sheffield was attempting to field a ball hit to the outfield.

Francis became a close friend. [1]. In 1518 Salai left Leonardo and returned to Milan, where he eventually perished in a duel. However, he claimed that at the time he used the product, he did not know that it contained steroids. The King granted Leonardo and his entourage generous pensions: the surviving document lists 1000 écus for the artist, 400 for Melzi (named "apprentice") and 100 for Salai (named "servant"). Sheffield has recently been linked in media reports with the controversial Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative, and admitted to having used a BALCO product that contained a steroid. In 1516, he entered Francis' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé (also called "Cloux") next to the king's residence at the royal Chateau Amboise. Led National League in batting average (1992).

In 1515 Francis I of France retook Milan, and Leonardo was commissioned to make a centrepiece (a mechanical lion) for the peace talks between the French king and Pope Leo X in Bologna, where he must have first met the King. 4-time Silver Slugger Award (1992, 1996, 2003-04). However, he was probably of pivotal importance in the relocation of David (in Florence), one of Michelangelo's masterpieces, against the artist's will. 9-time All-Star (1992-93, 1996, 1998-2000, 2003-05). From 1513 to 1516, he lived in Rome, where painters like Raphael and Michelangelo were active at the time, though he did not have much contact with these artists. New York Yankees (2004-present). In 1506 he returned to Milan, now in the hands of Maximilian Sforza after Swiss mercenaries had driven out the French. Atlanta Braves (2002-03).

In Florence he entered the services of Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI, acting as a military architect and engineer; with Cesare he travelled throughout Italy. Los Angeles Dodgers (1998-2001). He left with Salai and his friend Luca Pacioli (the first man to describe double-entry bookkeeping) for Mantua, moving on after 2 months to Venice (where he was hired as a military engineer), then briefly returning to Florence at the end of April 1500. Florida Marlins (1993-98). Leonardo stayed in Milan for a time, until one morning when he found French archers using his life-size clay model of the "Gran Cavallo" for target practice. San Diego Padres (1992-93). When the French returned under Louis XII in 1498, Milan fell without a fight, overthrowing Sforza [4]. Milwaukee Brewers (1988-91).

It was here that seventy tons of bronze that had been set aside for Leonardo's "Gran Cavallo" horse statue (see below) were cast into weapons for the Duke in an attempt to save Milan from the French under Charles VIII in 1495. From around 1482 to 1499, Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan [3], employed Leonardo and permitted him to operate his own workshop complete with apprentices. He was also a respected judge on matters of beauty and elegance, particularly in the creation of pageants. Vasari reports a story that as a young man in Florence he often bought caged birds just to release them from captivity.

Under the heading, "Of the beasts from whom cheese is made," he answers, "the milk will be taken from the tiny children." [2]). His respect for life led him to being a vegetarian at least part of his life (although the term 'vegan' would fit him well, as he even entertained the notion that taking milk from cows amounts to stealing. It is apparent from the works of Leonardo and his early biographers that he was a man of high integrity and very sensitive to moral issues. Leonardo had many other friends who are now figures renowned in their fields, or for their influence on history; these included Niccolò Machiavelli, Cesare Borgia and Franchinus Gaffurius.

Melzi, however, became Leonardo's pupil and life companion. Though Salai was always introduced as Leonardo's "pupil", he never produced any work of artistic merit. Salai eventually accepted Melzi's continued presence and the three undertook journeys throughout Italy. In 1506, Leonardo met Count Francesco Melzi, the 15 year old son of a Lombard aristocrat.

Some believe this can be explained by Leonardo's role as a mentor and teacher, which required male assistants to aid him in his work, and that his appreciation of androgynous beauty was due solely to his fascination with the workings of both sexes of the human body. Gian entered Leonardo's household around 1488 at the age of 10, becoming his servant and assistant for the next thirty years. One of his lovers is thought to have been Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oreno (nicknamed Salai (Little Devil)). It has therefore been widely assumed that he was a homosexual.

Though he kept his private life particularly secret, it is known that he surrounded himself with handsome young men throughout his life, and his art reflects an appreciation of androgynous beauty (and in at least one instance, sexuality). There is no evidence that Leonardo was ever intimately involved with any woman, nor in a close friendship with one. Rocke reports that in a fictional dialogue on l'amore masculino (male love) written by the contemporary art critic and theorist Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Leonardo appears as one of the protagonists and declares, "Know that male love is exclusively the product of virtue which, joining men together with the diverse affections of friendship, makes it so that from a tender age they would enter into the manly one as more stalwart friends." In the dialogue, the interlocutor inquires of Leonardo about his relations with his assistant, Salai, "Did you play the game from behind which the Florentines love so much?". Modern critics contend that Leonardo's love of boys was well-known even in the sixteenth century.

For some time afterwards, Leonardo and the others were kept under observation by Florence's Officers of the Night - a kind of Renaissance vice squad, charged with suppressing the practice of sodomy, which a majority of male Florentines engaged in, as shown by surviving legal records of the Podestà and the Officers of the Night. After two months in jail, he was acquitted because no witnesses stepped forward. In 1476, he was accused anonymously, along with three other men, of sodomy with a 17 year-old model, Jacopo Saltarelli, who was a notorious male prostitute. Later, he became an independent painter in Florence.

In this role, Leonardo also worked with Lorenzo di Credi and Pietro Perugino. His early sketches were of such quality that his father soon showed them to the painter Andrea del Verrocchio, who subsequently took on the fourteen-year old Leonardo as an apprentice. Leonardo grew up with his father in Florence, where he started drawing and painting. Leonardo signed his works "Leonardo" or "Io, Leonardo" ("I, Leonardo").

Leonardo was born before modern naming conventions developed in Europe; his name "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", simply means "Leonardo, son of [Mes]ser Piero, from Vinci". It has been suggested, albeit on scanty evidence [1], that she was a Middle Eastern slave owned by Piero. Leonardo was born in Anchiano, near Vinci, Italy, the illegitimate child of Ser Piero da Vinci, a young notary, and Caterina, most likely a peasant girl. .

Renaissance humanism saw no mutually exclusive polarities between sciences and arts. In addition, he helped advance the study of anatomy, astronomy, and civil engineering. He is also known for designing many inventions that anticipated modern technology, although few of these designs were constructed in his lifetime. Leonardo is famous for his masterly paintings, such as The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

He has been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man" and as a universal genius. Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. ISBN 8809038916 (hardback). Giunti.

Leonardo da Vinci: Artist, Scientist, Inventor. Simona Cremante (2005). ISBN 0-140-29681-6. Penguin.

Leonardo da Vinci, The Flights of the mind. Charles Nicholl (2005). Dépot légal 4° trimestre 1965. Somogy.

Léonard de Vinci, L'homme et son oeuvre. Fred Bérence (1965). ISBN 3822817341 (hardback). Taschen.

Leonardo Da Vinci: The Complete Paintings and Drawings. Frank Zollner & Johannes Nathan (2003). A reprint of the original 1883 edition. 2 volumes.

ISBN 0486225720 and ISBN 0486225739 (paperback). Dover. The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. Jean Paul Richter (1970).

ISBN 0806513500 (paperback). Carol Publishing Group. The 100. Hart (1992).

Michael H. ISBN 0385323816 (paperback). Delacorte Press. How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci: Seven Steps to Genius Every Day.

Gelb (1998). Michael J. The cartoon The Tick features Leonardo in Leonardo DaVinci and his Fightin' Genius Time Commandos! (Season 2, Episode 17, 1995). Peter Barnes's Leonardo's Last Supper centres on Leonardo being "resurrected" in a filthy charnel house after being prematurely declared dead.

The movie Hudson Hawk starring Bruce Willis and Danny Aiello revolves around Leonardo da Vinci's inventions. The movie Ever After from 1998 starring Drew Barrymore and Patrick Godfrey as Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was named after Leonardo da Vinci. Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code revolves around a conspiracy based on elements of Leonardo's Last Supper and other works, claiming that he belonged to the Priory of Sion (a sect generally regarded as fictitious).

The Dargaud cartoon character Léonard by Turk and De Groot. Terry Pratchett's character Leonard of Quirm is a pastiche of Leonardo. In the mainstream DC Universe, according to "Secret Origins" #27, Leonardo is an ancestor of the famed Freemason Cagliostro, as well as Zatara and Zatanna who are both magicians (in the Magic (illusion) and Magic (paranormal) senses) and Superheroes. DC Comics's Vertigo division published a twelve-issue miniseries about Leonardo and his apprentice Salai, entitled "Chiaroscuro: The Private Life of Leonardo da Vinci.".

The DC Comics Elseworlds story Black Masterpiece, in Batman Annual #18 shows Leonardo's apprentice becoming a Renaissance Batman, using the Master's devices in his war on Florentine crime. Dann has his genius protagonist actually create his flying machine. The novel The Memory Cathedral by Jack Dann is a fictional account of a "lost year" in the life of Leonardo. The novel Pasquale's Angel by Paul McAuley, set in an alternate universe Florence, portrays Leonardo as "the Great Engineer", creating a premature industrial revolution (see clockpunk).

Theodore Mathieson's short story "Leonardo Da Vinci: Detective" portrays him using his genius to solve a murder during his time in France. Leonardo also appears as a character in several Doctor Who novels. The Doctor goes back in time to visit Leonardo's workshop and claims to be an old acquaintance of the artist. The 1979 Doctor Who story City of Death features a theft of the Mona Lisa.

Da Vinci (NCC-81623), a Saber-class vessel, named for the artist. (Starfleet Corps of Engineers) novels, the main starship of the series is called the U.S.S. Also, in the S.C.E. Actor James Daly played Flint / Leonardo in Star Trek: The Original Series, while John Rhys-Davies portrayed Leonardo in Star Trek Voyager.

Leonardo appears again in the Star Trek universe, in the series Star Trek Voyager, where his workshop is created as a holographic simulation. Leonardo's abilities and knowledge are thus attributed to centuries of scientific and artistic study. In the Star Trek: Original Series episode "Requiem for Methuselah", Leonardo da Vinci is revealed to be one of many aliases to "Flint", an immortal man born in the year 3834 BC. Bacchus (1515) – Louvre, Paris, France.

1514) – Louvre, Paris, France. John the Baptist (c. St. 1510) – Louvre, Paris, France.

Anne (c. The Virgin and Child with St. Leda and the Swan (1508) - (Only copies survive – best-known example in Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy). The Madonna of the Rocks or The Virgin of the Rocks (1508) – National Gallery, London, UK.

Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503-1505/1506) – Louvre, Paris, France. 1499-1500) – National Gallery, London, UK. John the Baptist (c. Anne and St.

The Virgin and Child with St. Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy. Last Supper (1498) – Convent of Sta. La belle Ferronière (1495-1498) – Louvre, Paris, France.