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Lace-making

Lace appliqué and bow at the bust-line of a nightgown. White lace is often used in collars and other fabric borders. Needle Lace borders from the Erzgebirge mountains Germany in 1884, displayed in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Armenian needlelace circa 2004.

Lace-making is an ancient craft. Lace is a lightweight, openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often lace the open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric.

Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. A few modern artists makes lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.

  • Needle lace

Needle lace is made using a needle and thread. Some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces. Some are the most time-consuming but the most flexible of the lace-making arts. Some purists regard Needle lace as the height of lace-making. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today.

  • Cutwork

Cutwork, or whitework, is lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery.

  • Bobbin lace

As the name suggests, Bobbin lace is made with bobbins and a pillow. The bobbins, turned from wood, bone or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam or ethafoam. Also known as Bone-lace.

  • Tape lace

Tape lace can make the tape in the lace as it is worked, or use a machine- or hand-made textile strip formed into a design, then joined and embellished with needle or bobbin lace.

  • Knotted lace

Macramé and Tatting are knotted laces. Tatted lace is made with a shuttle or a tatting needle.

  • Crocheted lace

Crocheted lace includes Irish crochet and Filet crochet.

  • Knitted lace

Knitted lace includes Shetland lace, such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.



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. View 3D animations of juvenile and adult lion skulls -- both inside and out -- at Digimorph.org. Knitted lace includes Shetland lace, such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.
. Crocheted lace includes Irish crochet and Filet crochet. Female ligers and female tigons are fertile and can produce offspring if mated to either a pure-bred lion or a pure-bred tiger. Tatted lace is made with a shuttle or a tatting needle. Tigons are also more difficult to produce as male tigers are less attracted to lionesses because of their smaller size and are thought to have difficulty with recognizing lioness breeding cues.

Macramé and Tatting are knotted laces. Tigons are not as common as ligers because they are not as visually impressive, thus they do not draw as much attention from audiences. Tape lace can make the tape in the lace as it is worked, or use a machine- or hand-made textile strip formed into a design, then joined and embellished with needle or bobbin lace. Like male ligers, male tigons are sterile, and they all have both spots and stripes, with yellow eyes. Also known as Bone-lace. They can best be described as "housecat-like" in appearance, although with round ears. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam or ethafoam. Because the male tiger does not pass on a growth-promoting gene and the lioness passes on a growth inhibiting gene, tigons are often relatively small, only weighing up to 150 kilograms (350 lb), which is about 20% smaller than lions.

The bobbins, turned from wood, bone or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The tigon is a cross between the lioness and the male tiger. As the name suggests, Bobbin lace is made with bobbins and a pillow. Male ligers are sterile, but female ligers are often fertile. Cutwork, or whitework, is lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery. Ligers share some qualities of both their parents (spots and stripes) however they enjoy swimming, a purely tiger activity, and they are always a sandy colour like the lion. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today. It is said that ligers do not stop growing and will grow constantly through their lifespan, until their bodies cannot sustain their huge size any longer, reaching up to half a tonne.

Some purists regard Needle lace as the height of lace-making. Because the lion passes on a growth-promoting gene, but the corresponding growth-inhibiting gene from the female lion is not present, ligers are larger than either parent. Some are the most time-consuming but the most flexible of the lace-making arts. The liger originates from mating a male lion and a tigress. Some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces. These two new breeds are called ligers and tigons. Needle lace is made using a needle and thread. Lions have also been known to breed with their close counterparts, tigers (most often Amur), while in captivity to create interesting mixes.

A few modern artists makes lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread. There have also been recorded attacks on humans by lions in captivity. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. Some have speculated that they might belong to an unclassified species of lion, or that they may have been sick and couldn't have easily caught prey. Now lace is often made with cotton thread. The lions in both the incidents were all larger than normal, lacked manes and seemed to suffer from tooth decay. Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. The Mfuwe and Tsavo incidents did bear some similarities.

The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often lace the open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. In folklore, man-eating lions are sometimes considered demons. Lace is a lightweight, openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. In both cases the hunters who slew the lions wrote books detailing the lions' "careers" as man-eaters. Lace-making is an ancient craft. Some of the more publicized cases include the Tsavo man-eaters and the Mfuwe man-eater. Knitted lace. While a hungry lion will probably attack a human that passes near, some (usually male) lions seem to seek out human prey.

Crocheted lace. Verneyi). Knotted lace. l. Tape lace. melanochaita) and the kalahari lion (P. Bobbin lace. l.

Cutwork. Notable exceptions would be the cape lion (P. Needle lace. 55,000 years ago, therefore most sub-saharan lions could be considered a single subspecies. Genetic evidence suggests that all modern lions derived from one common ancestor only ca. The main differences between lion subspecies are location, size and mane appearance, however some of the forms listed below are debatable.

.
. A white lion has a disadvantage when it comes to hunting; their white color can give away their hiding place. There is a recessive gene in white lions that gives them their unusual color (also causing white tigers, many white tigers with this gene are bred for zoos and animal shows).

Although they are not often heard of due to their rarity, white lions do exist, in Timbavati, South Africa. The lion can be found in stone age cave paintings. Guggisberg, in his book Simba, says the lion is referred to 130 times in the Bible. C.A.W.

No animal has been given more attention in art and literature. Lions appear in the art of China, even though lions have never lived in China. Lions are recurring symbols in the coat of arms of royalty and chivalry, particularly in the UK, where the lion is also a national symbol of the British people. Other extinct subspecies are the Cape Lion, the European Cave Lion (subspecies Panthera leo spelaea) which coexisted with humans throughout the last Ice Age, and the American lion (subspecies Panthera leo atrox), a close relative of the European cave lion (not to be confused with the mountain lion or puma).

Lions had become extinct in Greece, their last European outpost, by 100 AD. About 300 lions live in a 1412 km² (558 square miles) sanctuary in the state of Gujarat. The last remnant of the Asiatic Lion (subspecies Panthera leo persica), which in historical times ranged from Turkey to India through Iran (Persia), lives in the Gir Forest of northwestern India. When or if a male coalition takes over a pride and ousts the previous coalition, the conquerors often kill any cubs even if they did father them.

Males are expelled from the pride or leave on their own when they reach maturity. Typically, males will not tolerate outside males, and females will not tolerate outside females. Both males and females will defend the pride against outside intruders. Although it was once thought that females did most of the hunting in the pride, it is now known that males contribute much more to hunting than the amount for which they had been previously given credit.

The family consists of related females, their cubs of both sexes, and one or more unrelated males who mate with the adult females. Lions are predatory carnivores who live in family groups, called prides. In the wild lions live for around 10–14 years, while in captivity they can live over 20. The male lion, easily recognized by his mane, may weigh up to 250 kg (550 lb) Females are much smaller, weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb).

It is the largest and most powerful living felid with the exception of the tiger, and the liger. The Lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae. Distinct behaviour and anatomy has been observed in this subspecies. Panthera leo verneyi - Kalahari lion.

Panthera leo somaliensis - Somali lion. Panthera leo senegalensis - West African lion, or Senegal lion. Panthera leo roosevelti - Abyssinian lion. Once widespread from Turkey, across the Middle East, to India and Bangladesh, but large prides and daylight activity made it easier to poach than tigers or leopards.

200 currently exist in the Gir Forest of India. Panthera leo persica - Asiatic lion. Panthera leo nubica - East African lion. Panthera leo melanochaita - Cape lion; extinct in 1860.

Panthera leo massaicus - Massai lion. [1]. Roman notables, including Sulla, Pompey, and Julius Caesar, often ordered the mass slaughter of Barbary lions - up to 400 at a time. Barbary lions were kept by Roman emperors, who ordered the capture of literally thousands of individuals to fight in the gladiator arenas.

The last wild Barbary lion was killed in Morocco in 1922 due to excessive hunting. This was the largest of the lion subspecies, which ranged from Morocco to Egypt. Panthera leo leo - Barbary lion; extinct in the wild. Panthera leo krugeri - South African lion.

Panthera leo hollisteri - Congo lion. From France to the Balkans. Extinct around 100AD due to hunting and competition from feral dogs. Panthera leo europaea - European lion.

Panthera leo bleyenberghi - Katanga lion. Panthera leo azandica - North East Congo lion.