Jonas Salk

The Salk Institute in La Jolla, California was named in Jonas Salk's honor.
. Unlike some scientists who sought wealth or fame accompanying their innovations, Salk stated "Who owns my polio vaccine? The people! Could you patent the sun?". Chester was buried next to Ellen in the Arthur family plot in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Albany, New York, in a large sarcophagus on a large corner plot that contains the graves of many of his family members and ancestors. By contrast, Albert Sabin developed a "live" vaccine which was released in 1961, and which could be taken orally. on Thursday November 18, 1886, at the age of 57. Salk's vaccine rocked the world in 1954 when he first used it for the general public at Pittsburgh's Arsenal Elementary School. He returned to New York City where he died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage at 5:10 a.m.

Dr. Arthur served as president until March 4, 1885. The patient would develop immunity to the live disease due to the body's earlier reaction to the killed virus. more generally respected." Author Mark Twain, deeply cynical of politicians, conceded, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration.". Salk used a "killed" virus technique which required the patient to be injected with the vaccine. McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired .. The vaccine provides the recipient with immunity against Polio, and was seminal in the near eradication of a once widely-feared disease. Publisher Alexander K.

His vaccine was one of the first successful attempts at immunization against a virus, specifically the Poliomyelitis virus. Arthur kept himself in the running for the Presidential nomination in 1884 in order not to appear that he feared defeat, but was not renominated. Later in his career, Salk devoted much of his energy to developing an AIDS vaccine. Perhaps in part his reason was the well-kept secret he had known since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency, that he was suffering from Bright's Disease, a fatal kidney disease (see 'Presidential disability prior to 1967' in Acting President of the United States). He spent his career as a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. President Arthur demonstrated that he was above factions within the Republican Party, if indeed not above the party itself. Salk was born in New York City. This established the Greenwich Meridian which is still in use today.

Jonas Salk, M.D. (October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) is the discoverer/inventor of the eponymous Salk vaccine while a researcher in Pittsburgh (see polio vaccine). In 1884 the International Meridian Conference was held in Washington at President Arthur´s behest. Congress also suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, later making the restriction permanent. Arthur approved a measure in 1882 excluding paupers, criminals, and the mentally ill. The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law.

Aggrieved Westerners and Southerners looked to the Democratic Party for redress, and the tariff began to emerge as a major political issue between the two parties. Congress raised about as many rates as it trimmed, but Arthur signed the Tariff Act of 1883 anyway. Acting independently of party dogma, Arthur also tried to lower tariff rates so the Government would not be embarrassed by annual surpluses of revenue. The system protected employees against removal for political reasons.

In 1883 Congress passed the Pendleton Act, which established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, forbade levying political assessments against officeholders, and provided for a "classified system" that made certain Government positions obtainable only through competitive written examinations. Public pressure, heightened by the assassination of Garfield, forced an unwieldy Congress to heed the President. To the indignation of the Stalwart Republicans, the onetime Collector of the Port of New York became, as President, a champion of civil service reform. He became a man of fashion in his garb and associates, and often was seen with the elite of Washington, D.C., New York, and Newport.

Avoiding old political cronies, Arthur determined to go his own way once in the White House. Upon the death of President Garfield due to assassination, Arthur became President of the United States on September 19, 1881. Arthur was elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with President James Garfield for the term beginning March 4, 1881. Failing in that, they reluctantly accepted the nomination of Arthur for the Vice Presidency.

Conkling and his followers tried to win redress by fighting for the renomination of Grant at the 1880 Republican Convention. Hayes, attempting to reform the Customs House, ousted Arthur, who resumed the practice of law in New York City. In 1878 President Rutherford B. He insisted upon honest administration of the Customs House, but staffed it with more employees than it really needed, retaining some for their loyalty as party workers rather than for their skill as public servants.

Honorable in his personal life and his public career, Arthur nevertheless was a firm believer in the spoils system even as it was coming under vehement attack from reformers. This was an extremely lucrative and powerful position at the time, and several of Arthur's predecessors had run afoul of the law while serving as Collector. With the help of Arthur's patron and political boss Roscoe Conkling, Arthur was appointed by President Ulysses Grant as Collector of the port of New York from 1871 to 1878. He resumed the practice of law in New York City.

He was later commissioned as inspector general, and appointed quartermaster general with the rank of brigadier general, and served until 1862. During the Civil War, Arthur served as acting quartermaster general of the state in 1861 and was widely praised for his service. McElroy) to assume certain social duties and help care for his daughter. John E.

He asked his sister Mary (Mrs. While in the White House, Arthur would not give anyone the place that would have been his wife's. Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur died of pneumonia on January 12, 1880, at the age of 42, 10 months before Arthur was elected Vice President. Another boy, Chester Alan, was born in 1864, and a girl, named Ellen Herndon for her mother, in 1871.

Arthur's father, who died at age two of a brain disorder. In 1860, the couple had a son, William Lewis, named for Mrs. Arthur married Ellen "Nell" Lewis Herndon in October 1859. He also took an active part in the reorganization of the New York State militia.

He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1854, and commenced practice in New York City, supporting equal rights for blacks who objected to the segregation of city transportation. He became principal of an academy in North Pownal, Vermont in 1851. He attended the public schools and was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1848. His parents were William Arthur and Malvina Stone.

The truth, however, was simply that Arthur was born near the Canadian border. Political rivals long circulated the rumor that he had been born in Canada rather than in Vermont, hoping to create doubts as to his eligibility for American public office. Arthur was born in the town of Fairfield in Franklin County, Vermont on October 5, 1829 (although he told people that he was born in 1830). .

Arthur suffered from Bright's Disease and died of a cerebral hemorrhage, most likely related to a history of hypertension, approximately twenty-four hours after being found unconscious by his nurse. Interestingly, Arthur pronounced his middle name, Alan, with the stress on the second syllable -- "Al-AN.". He was called "Chet" by family and friends. He kept 80 pairs of pants in his wardrobe,and changed pants several times a day.

He was also sometimes called "Elegant Arthur" for his commitment to fashionable attire. Arthur is also remembered as one of the most society-conscious presidents, earning the nickname "the Gentleman Boss" for his style of dress and courtly manner, and was widely popular by the time he left office; in fact, not one but two young women (ignorant of Arthur's pronouncement that he would never marry again) proposed to him on the day he left office. His notable achievements in office as President included civil service reform and the passage of the Pendleton Act. Hayes, under (false) suspicion of bribery and corruption.

Grant but was fired by Grant's successor, Rutherford B. He was appointed by President Ulysses S. Before entering national politics, Arthur had been Collector of Customs for the Port of New York. Garfield died on September 19th, and Arthur became President, serving until 1885.

Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, on July 2, 1881. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President in the administration of James Garfield. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. Civil Rights Cases (1883).

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883). Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). Standard Oil founded (1882). Note - Arthur was sworn in September 20th.