Jonas Salk

The Salk Institute in La Jolla, California was named in Jonas Salk's honor. One of the most intelligent men ever to live in the White House, Garfield had great - but tragically unfulfilled - potential. Unlike some scientists who sought wealth or fame accompanying their innovations, Salk stated "Who owns my polio vaccine? The people! Could you patent the sun?". He was the last person elected President directly from the United States House of Representatives. By contrast, Albert Sabin developed a "live" vaccine which was released in 1961, and which could be taken orally. Garfield was buried, with great and solemn ceremony, in a mausoleum in Lakeview Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio. Salk's vaccine rocked the world in 1954 when he first used it for the general public at Pittsburgh's Arsenal Elementary School. Guiteau was sentenced to death, and was executed by hanging on June 30, 1882 in Washington, D.C..

Dr. He insisted (with some validity, as is now recognized) that incompetent medical care had really killed the President. The patient would develop immunity to the live disease due to the body's earlier reaction to the killed virus. Guiteau was found guilty of assassinating Garfield, despite his lawyers raising an insanity defense. Salk used a "killed" virus technique which required the patient to be injected with the vaccine. Several inserted their unsterilized fingers into the wound to probe for the bullet, and one doctor punctured Garfield's liver in doing so. The vaccine provides the recipient with immunity against Polio, and was seminal in the near eradication of a once widely-feared disease. Most historians and medical experts now believe that Garfield probably would have survived his wound, had the doctors attending him been more capable.

His vaccine was one of the first successful attempts at immunization against a virus, specifically the Poliomyelitis virus. The ailing President had been moved to Elberon, a seaside community, in the vain hope that the fresh air and quiet there might aid his recovery. Later in his career, Salk devoted much of his energy to developing an AIDS vaccine. on Monday September 19, 1881 in Elberon, New Jersey. He spent his career as a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Garfield became increasingly ill over a period of several weeks due to infection and died 80 days after he was shot, of blood poisoning and bronchial pneumonia at 10:35 p.m. Salk was born in New York City. This was not realized at the time, bedframes being relatively rare.

Jonas Salk, M.D. (October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) is the discoverer/inventor of the eponymous Salk vaccine while a researcher in Pittsburgh (see polio vaccine). Alexander Graham Bell devised a metal detector in an attempt to find the bullet, but the metal bedframe Garfield was lying on confused the instrument. The second bullet that struck Garfield lodged in his back and could not be found. Garfield's assassination was instrumental to the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act on January 16, 1883. Guiteau was upset because of the rejection of his repeated attempts to be appointed as the United States consul in Paris--a position for which he had absolutely no qualifications--and was mentally ill as well.

As he was being arrested after the shooting, Guiteau excitedly said, "I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts! I did it and I want to be arrested! Arthur is President now," which briefly led to unfounded suspicions that Arthur or his supporters had put Guiteau up to the crime. Blaine. The President was walking through Union Station in Washington, D.C., accompanied by Secretary of State James G. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, less than four months after taking office.

Garfield was shot by Charles J. In his brief term in office, Garfield appointed a single Justice to the Supreme Court of the United States:.
. Arthur of New York, was a member of the "Stalwarts," who advocated the retention of the patronage system and a tougher stance regarding the former Confederate states.

His Vice President, Chester A. Garfield was a leader of the "Half-Breeds," who supported civil service reform and Hayes's relatively lenient treatment of the postwar South. During his administration, Garfield did his best to mediate Republican Party infighting. President Garfield took office on March 4, 1881.

presidential election, 1880). (The popular vote was much closer; see U.S. Garfield defeated the Democratic candidate, Winfield Scott Hancock, another distinguished former Union Army general, by 214 electoral votes to 155. Senate seat to which Garfield had been chosen ultimately went to John Sherman, whose presidential candidacy Garfield had gone to the convention to support.

Ironically, the U.S. The 35th ballot saw an even greater groundswell of support from former Blaine and Sherman supporters (Grant's supporters remained unanimously behind the former President), and on the 36th ballot Garfield was nominated, with virtually all of Blaine and Sherman's delegates breaking ranks to vote for the dark horse nominee. With neither Grant, Blaine nor Sherman able to win a majority of delegates after the first day of balloting, on the first ballot of the second day (and 34th overall) Wisconsin's delegation suddenly shifted all its votes to Garfield, who was aghast at the thought that he might be trying to thwart his friend Sherman's effort. Garfield strongly supported Sherman and made a speech formally nominating him, but early balloting made it clear that Sherman would not be the nominee.

Blaine, and Secretary of the Treasury John Sherman, a fellow Ohioan. Grant, Maine's James G. Later that year at their presidential nominating convention, the Republicans were split between former President Ulysses S. He would never serve a day in the Senate, however.

The Ohio legislature, which had recently again come under Republican control, chose Garfield as his replacement, commencing in 1881. Senator Allen Granberry Thurman's term. It began with the impending end of Democratic U.S. In 1880, Garfield's life underwent tremendous change.

Garfield National Historic Site. The home is now maintained by the National Park Service as the James A. That year, he also purchased the property in Mentor that reporters later dubbed Lawnfield, and from which he would go on to conduct the first successful front porch campaign for the Presidency. Tilden.

Hayes in his contest for the Presidency against Samuel J. In 1876 Garfield was a Republican member of the Electoral Commission that awarded 22 hotly-contested electoral votes to Rutherford B. Blaine moved from the House to the United States Senate, Garfield became the Republican Floor Leader of the House. In 1876, when James G.

In the House during the Civil War and the following Reconstruction era, he was one of the most hawkish Republicans, seeking to defeat and later weaken the South at every opportunity. He succeeded in gaining re-election every two years up through 1878. In 1863, he re-entered politics, being elected to the United States House of Representatives that year. He also fought at Chickamauga, eventually rising to the rank of major general.

He was transferred in April 1862 to the west, in time to participate in the Battle of Shiloh. His victory brought him early recognition. He ordered a withdrawal to Prestonsburg, so he could resupply his men. At the end of the day's fighting, the Confederates withdrew from the field, but Garfield did not pursue them.

Garfield attacked on January 9. The Confederates withdrew to the forks of Middle Creek, two miles from Prestonsburg, Kentucky, on the road to Virginia. The march was uneventful until Union forces reached Paintsville, Kentucky, where Garfield's cavalry engaged the Confederate cavalry at Jenny's Creek on January 6, 1862. In December, he departed Catlettsburg, Kentucky, with the 40th and 42nd Ohio and the 14th and 22nd Kentucky infantry regiments, as well as the 2nd (West) Virginia Cavalry and McLoughlin's Squadron of Cavalry.

Don Carlos Buell assigned Garfield the task of driving Confederate forces out of eastern Kentucky in November 1861, giving him the 18th Brigade for the campaign. Gen. With the start of the Civil War, Garfield enlisted in the Union Army, and was assigned to command the 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Notably, Garfield found a new proof for the Pythagorean theorem in 1876.

He was an enthusiastic Republican all his political life. He was elected an Ohio state senator in 1859, serving until 1861. Even before admission to the bar, he entered politics. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1860.

Garfield decided that the academic life was not for him, and studied law privately. A son, James Rudolph Garfield, followed him into politics and became Secretary of the Interior under Theodore Roosevelt. They had five children. On November 11, 1858, he married Lucretia Rudolph.

Remarkably, the ambidextrous Garfield could simultaneously write in Greek with one hand and in Latin with the other. He was an instructor in classical languages for the 1856-1857 academic year, and was made president of the Institute from 1857 to 1860. He then taught at the Eclectic Institute. He then transferred to Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1856, as an outstanding student who enjoyed all subjects except chemistry.

From 1851 to 1854 he attended the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later named Hiram College) in Hiram, Ohio. He grew up cared for by his mother and an uncle. He was named for his older brother James Ballou Garfield, who died in infancy, and his father, who died in 1833, when James Abram was 18 months old. He was born in Orange Township, now Moreland Hills, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, southeast of Cleveland to Abram Garfield and Eliza Ballou.

. Holding office from March to September of 1881, President Garfield was in power for a total of just six months and fifteen days. history, after William Henry Harrison's. His term was the second shortest in U.S.

President to be assassinated. James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881), and the second U.S. History of the United States (1865-1918). presidential election, 1880.

U.S. Of the 256 proofs of the Pythagorean Theorm in the "Pythagorean Proposition" by Elisha Scott Loomis, one is attributed to Garfield. Garfield was the first ambidextrous President. Stanley Matthews - 1881.