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Joe Louis

Joseph Louis Barrow (1914-1981), better known in the boxing world as Joe Louis and nicknamed The Brown Bomber, was a native of Lexington, Alabama who became World Heavyweight Champion.

Biography

Early life and career

The son of Monroe Barrow, a cotton picker, and Lilly Reese, a homemaker, Louis became interested in boxing after the Barrows moved to Detroit in 1924. He went on to win Michigan's Golden Gloves title, after which he turned professional in 1934. Louis made his debut on July 4 of that year, knocking out Jack Kracken in the first round at Chicago, Illinois that night. He won 12 fights that year, all in Chicago, 10 by knockout. Among his opponents in 1934 were Art Sykes and Stanley Poreda, both top contenders.

Ascendency

In 1935, he boxed 13 more times, and started touring the United States and Canada. He won each of his fights, and he began to face better opposition, beating former world Heavyweight champions Primo Carnera and Max Baer, and former Carnera world title challenger Paolino Uzcudun. His last four bouts that year were exhibitions in Canada, as one fight versus Isodoro Castagana, supposed to take place December 29 at Havana, Cuba, was suspended.

He began 1936 knocking out Charlie Retzlaff in the first round. In his next fight, however, he was matched with former world Heavyweight champion Max Schmeling, who was thought to be fading when he upset Louis by a knockout in 12 at New York. The German had studied Louis and discovered that he dropped his left hand after throwing his legendary left jab. Schmeling managed to weather Louis's pummeling long enough to exploit this weakness and bring down Louis. Louis and his supporters were devastated.

Schmeling now deserved a fight for the title, but was denied a chance to challenge the world champion in large part due to his relatively weak ties to the German Nazi Party.

That year Louis had four more bouts, winning all of them, and three exhibitions. Among the boxers he defeated were former Heavyweight champ Jack Sharkey and Eddie Simms, who turned and asked the referee to take a walk on the roof with him after a hit from Louis. The referee stopped the fight right away.

1937 came by, and after a ten round decision win over Bob Pastor, Louis was matched with world champion James J. Braddock in Chicago for the World Heavyweight title. Louis was dropped in round one, but he got up and became the world champion by knocking Braddock out in round eight. He said after the fight, however, that he would not feel like a world champion until he beat one man: Schmeling. Louis retained the title three times, outpointing the capable Welshman Tommy Farr and knocking out Nathan Mann in three and Harry Thomas in five.

The rematch with Schmeling finally took place, on June 22, 1938. This time the fight was hyped on both sides of the Atlantic, and many fans around the world saw this fight as a symbol: Louis representing the American interests and Schmeling, who was wrongly seen as a Nazi, fighting for Germany and white supremacy.

The fight itself ended quickly. With his superior speed, Louis retained his title by a knockout in the first round, avenging his only loss up until that time and achieving something not too many African-Americans of the era imagined anyone could do: becoming a national hero both for the white and the black population. Louis was black, so when he won the title, he had become an example to his fellow black Americans. But by beating a German boxer, Louis won over whites too, something very hard to do during the 1930s and 1940s in the United States.

In 1940 Louis actively campaigned for Wendell Willkie for the presidency. Louis favored Willkie over FDR because he believed that Willkie and the Republicans would do more for civil rights.

During World War II

Joe Louis sews on the stripes of a technical sergeant--to which he has been promoted

In between serving in the United States Army during the Second World War, Louis kept on defending his title, totalling 25 defenses from '37 to 1949. He was a world champion for 11 years and 10 months, after which he left his crown vacant. He set records for any division in number of defenses and longevity as world champion non stop, and both records still stand. Apart from Schmeling, Farr, Mann and Thomas, other notable title defenses during that period were:

  • his fight versus world Light Heavyweight champion John Henry Lewis, knocked out in the first.
  • his fight with Two Ton Tony Galento, who upset the boxing world by knocking Louis down in round one, but Louis got up and knocked Galento out in the fourth.
  • his two fights with Chilean Arturo Godoy, who almost did something no other boxer from Chile has ever done and no Hispanic had done before: Become world Heavyweight champion in their first bout, which Louis won by a close decision, and when Louis won the rematch by a knockout in the eight round, a riot broke loose at the Madison Square Garden.
  • his two fights with world Light Heavyweight champion Billy Conn, the first of which is remembered as one of the greatest fights in heavywieght history. Conn, much smaller than Louis but also much faster, said that he planned to "hit and run,' prompting Louis's famous response, "He can run, but he can't hide." For 12 rounds it appeared that Conn would prove Louis wrong; his agile footwork, blinding hand speed and ability to slip punches stymied Louis, and Conn was so far ahead on points that only a knockout could save Louis. Near the end of round 12, though, Conn visibly hurt Louis, so he decided to go for a knockout in the 13th. His decision to go toe-to-toe with Louis turned out to be his downfall, as the champion KO'd Conn with a vicious barrage. In the rematch, Louis won by a knockout in the eighth round.
  • his two fights versus future world Heavyweight champion Jersey Joe Walcott, who would drop Louis in round four of their first bout and lose a close decision, then get knocked out by Louis in the rematch in 11 rounds.
WWII poster featuring Louis

Louis joined the Army from 1942 to 1945 and spent that whole period travelling around Europe visiting with the fighting troops and boxing in exhibitions. During this time, he became a national spokesman for the Army, inviting young men to join in and help their country in the war. He even acted in a couple of movies, produced by the Army to entice men to go to the war. After he came back to keep defending his title in 1946, Louis looked somewhat slower in his fights, and his best years seemed to have gone. He still managed to fend off every challenger until he retired for the first time, after the second Walcott bout. On March 1, 1949 Louis announced his retirement from boxing.

1950's

In 1950, burdened by I.R.S. debt, he announced a comeback and was promptly given a chance to recover his title, but he lost a 15 round unanimous decision to world champion Ezzard Charles, who had won the title after Louis left it vacant. He kept boxing, and in his next fight he beat fringe contender Cesar Brion by a decision in 10. Seven more wins followed, including a rematch with Brion and a decision over fellow hall of famer Jimmy Bivins. In 1951, however, he would box what would be his final fight: In front of a national television audience, Louis lost by a knockout in eight rounds to the future world Heavyweight Champion, Rocky Marciano. Louis did not embarrass himself that night, but it was obvious his best years had gone by. He retired with a record of 68 wins and 3 losses, with 54 wins by a knockout.

Louis became a professional wrestler in 1956 but quit in 1957 due to injuries suffered during a match.

Louis faced a drug problem, a fact not too many people knew about but which was made public by a boxing book published by Ring Magazine, just as in Sugar Ray Robinson's case. But later on in life, he was able to kick his drug habit.

Retirement and later life

A few years after his retirement, a movie about his life, The Joe Louis Story, was filmed in Hollywood. Louis remained a popular celebrity until his twilight years, when he began suffering various illnesses, notably Pugilistic Parkinson's syndrome, and ran out of money. It was in the late 1960s that Louis also became addicted to cocaine. He began suffering from paranoia and delusions. His wife was forced to have him committed to a Denver mental hospital in 1970. Louis was eventually able to overcome his addiction. In his later years, he got a job welcoming tourists to the Caesar's Palace hotel in Las Vegas, where many world boxing champions and legends from other walks of life, including old rival Max Schmeling, would visit him.

In fact, Schmeling and Louis became close personal friends over the years, and the compassionate Schmeling (who was awarded control of the German Coca-Cola bottler after WWII) would often send him money.

They remained friends until Joe Louis' death, when Schmeling paid for his funeral and was one of the pallbearers. Louis had also become close friends with Billy Conn. After Louis' death, Conn wrote an article in Reader's Digest magazine called "Unforgettable Joe Louis". He recalled their classic fight and how close he came to defeating Louis. He ended the article with the words, "I was proud to have fought him and prouder still to have been his friend". Max Schmeling was also heartbroken by Louis' death. When asked, on his 90th birthday, if he had any regrets he replied "I only have one. I regret Joe isn't still alive and we were still friends".

Joe Louis died of a heart attack in 1981. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. His life and his achievements prompted famed New York sportswriter Jimmy Cannon to write "Joe Louis is a credit to his race - the human race."

He has a sports complex named after him in Detroit, the Joe Louis Arena, where the Detroit Red Wings play their NHL games. A memorial to Louis was dedicated in Detroit (at Jefferson Avenue & Woodward) on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Time, Inc. and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a 24-foot high pyramidal framework. It represents the power of his punch both inside and outside the ring. On March 25, 2004, two men, Brett Cashman and John T. White, pleaded guilty on charges of defacing the monument. They had allegedly covered it with white paint on February 23 of that year.

Louis was named by Ring Magazine's as boxing's number one puncher in history in 2003. He was also named as the magazine's fighter of the year on four occasions, bettered only by Muhammad Ali's five awards.

Louis is a member of the International Boxing Hall Of Fame.


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Louis is a member of the International Boxing Hall Of Fame. One possibility could be current GMA Weekend weatherwoman Marysol Castro. He was also named as the magazine's fighter of the year on four occasions, bettered only by Muhammad Ali's five awards. It has not yet been announced who the new weatherman (or woman) will be. Louis was named by Ring Magazine's as boxing's number one puncher in history in 2003. Perkins affectionately said to his young child on the air, "Connor, if you're watching, daddy's comin' home.". They had allegedly covered it with white paint on February 23 of that year. Perkins announced that he was going to go home to his family and would be living in Washington, D.C., where he would go back to WTTG-TV, where he was previously a weather personality.

White, pleaded guilty on charges of defacing the monument. The last ten minutes of the day's show was dedicated to Perkins, where he gave thanks to one of the show's producers and a heartfelt goodbye to the three anchors, Charles Gibson, Diane Sawyer, and Robin Roberts. On March 25, 2004, two men, Brett Cashman and John T. On December 2, 2005, weatherman Tony Perkins left Good Morning America, where he has been the weather personality since 1999. It represents the power of his punch both inside and outside the ring. Hartman signed off the show that day with his trademark close "From all of us, make it a good day." On that day Good Morning America became the first morning news show to broadcast in HDTV. and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a 24-foot high pyramidal framework. Former co-hosts David Hartman and Joan Lunden, along with former meteorologist Spencer Christian were among the guests of honor.

The sculpture, commissioned by Time, Inc. On November 3, 2005, GMA celebrated its 30th birthday with recaps to 1975 and by decorating Times Square. A memorial to Louis was dedicated in Detroit (at Jefferson Avenue & Woodward) on October 16, 1986. Good Morning America has won in timeslots in large markets like New York, which may give an indication that people may begin to choose them over The Today Show. He has a sports complex named after him in Detroit, the Joe Louis Arena, where the Detroit Red Wings play their NHL games. As of 2005, Good Morning America has still not prevailed over The Today Show, though it has had a few one-show victories on the day after Pope John Paul II's funeral, and then a Mariah Carey concert shortly after in 2005. His life and his achievements prompted famed New York sportswriter Jimmy Cannon to write "Joe Louis is a credit to his race - the human race.". She had been regularly filling in for Diane Sawyer and Charlie Gibson up until then.

He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. In May 2005, ABC announced former ESPN anchor Robin Roberts, the show's news anchor would be promoted to co-anchor. Joe Louis died of a heart attack in 1981. When he left to anchor WBBM-TV in Chicago, Robin Roberts replaced Mora. I regret Joe isn't still alive and we were still friends". Until March 18, 2002, the news was anchored by Antonio Mora. When asked, on his 90th birthday, if he had any regrets he replied "I only have one. ABC stuck with the Gibson and Sawyer team where they remain today as anchors of Good Morning America.

Max Schmeling was also heartbroken by Louis' death. However, Good Morning America ratings once again increased and battled The Today Show for viewership, though it has not yet proclaimed a victory in weekly viewership over The Today Show. He ended the article with the words, "I was proud to have fought him and prouder still to have been his friend". The team was meant to be temporary until ABC could find permanent replacements. He recalled their classic fight and how close he came to defeating Louis. It negotiated Gibson's return, teaming him up with Diane Sawyer. After Louis' death, Conn wrote an article in Reader's Digest magazine called "Unforgettable Joe Louis". In 1999, ABC became desperate to revive Good Morning America which viewers disfavored.

Louis had also become close friends with Billy Conn. The Today Show ratings skyrocketed and remained at the top spot into the mid 2000s. They remained friends until Joe Louis' death, when Schmeling paid for his funeral and was one of the pallbearers. News and weather were anchored by Ann Curry and Al Roker. In fact, Schmeling and Louis became close personal friends over the years, and the compassionate Schmeling (who was awarded control of the German Coca-Cola bottler after WWII) would often send him money. By this time, The Today Show was hosted by Matt Lauer and Katie Couric. In his later years, he got a job welcoming tourists to the Caesar's Palace hotel in Las Vegas, where many world boxing champions and legends from other walks of life, including old rival Max Schmeling, would visit him. With McRee and Newman at the helms of Good Morning America, long time viewers switched to The Today Show.

Louis was eventually able to overcome his addiction. The show was almost killed when Gibson, too, left the show to make way for Kevin Newman in 1998. His wife was forced to have him committed to a Denver mental hospital in 1970. Lunden decided to step down after 17 years on the show, and was replaced by Lisa McRee. He began suffering from paranoia and delusions. But Good Morning America would stumble from its top spot in 1997. It was in the late 1960s that Louis also became addicted to cocaine. Lunden and Gibson were a hard couple to beat.

Louis remained a popular celebrity until his twilight years, when he began suffering various illnesses, notably Pugilistic Parkinson's syndrome, and ran out of money. Good Morning America sailed into the 1990s with its overwhelming ratings success. A few years after his retirement, a movie about his life, The Joe Louis Story, was filmed in Hollywood. In 1983, CBS Morning beat The Today Show and took the second place spot after Good Morning America. But later on in life, he was able to kick his drug habit. It was hosted by Charles Kuralt and Diane Sawyer. Louis faced a drug problem, a fact not too many people knew about but which was made public by a boxing book published by Ring Magazine, just as in Sugar Ray Robinson's case. But CBS decided it wanted to get aggressive in the morning news talk show ratings battle, and it launched CBS Morning, using the same format used on Good Morning America and The Today Show.

Louis became a professional wrestler in 1956 but quit in 1957 due to injuries suffered during a match. In the 1970s and 1980s, the CBS television network, aired only hard news stories during the morning time slot shared by Good Morning America and The Today Show. He retired with a record of 68 wins and 3 losses, with 54 wins by a knockout. Gibson and Lunden prevailed over The Today Show. Louis did not embarrass himself that night, but it was obvious his best years had gone by. They became the most popular news partnership on television in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1951, however, he would box what would be his final fight: In front of a national television audience, Louis lost by a knockout in eight rounds to the future world Heavyweight Champion, Rocky Marciano. Lunden was paired with Charles Gibson and ratings skyrocketed for Good Morning America.

Seven more wins followed, including a rematch with Brion and a decision over fellow hall of famer Jimmy Bivins. The partnership ended in February of 1987 as Hartman retired. He kept boxing, and in his next fight he beat fringe contender Cesar Brion by a decision in 10. Hartman and Lunden led the show through several seasons of success. debt, he announced a comeback and was promptly given a chance to recover his title, but he lost a 15 round unanimous decision to world champion Ezzard Charles, who had won the title after Louis left it vacant. In 1980, Hill left Good Morning America and was replaced by Joan Lunden. In 1950, burdened by I.R.S. For the first time, Good Morning America became the highest rated morning news program in the United States as The Today Show fell to second place.

On March 1, 1949 Louis announced his retirement from boxing. Good Morning America continued to threaten The Today Show into the 80's, especially after the abrupt removal of Brokaw from his anchor desk in 1981. He still managed to fend off every challenger until he retired for the first time, after the second Walcott bout. Within a year, The Today Show managed to beat back the Good Morning America ratings threat with Brokaw and new co-host Jane Pauley, featuring Gene Shalit. After he came back to keep defending his title in 1946, Louis looked somewhat slower in his fights, and his best years seemed to have gone. On August 29, 1976, Tom Brokaw began anchoring The Today Show while a search was made for a female co-host. He even acted in a couple of movies, produced by the Army to entice men to go to the war. Good Morning America ratings climbed slowly but steadily throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s while The Today Show experienced a slight slump in viewership, especially with Walters' decision to leave NBC for a job at ABC.

During this time, he became a national spokesman for the Army, inviting young men to join in and help their country in the war. Dussault was replaced in 1977 by Sandy Hill. Louis joined the Army from 1942 to 1945 and spent that whole period travelling around Europe visiting with the fighting troops and boxing in exhibitions. Good Morning America's first host was David Hartman, featuring Nancy Dussault as his co-host. Apart from Schmeling, Farr, Mann and Thomas, other notable title defenses during that period were:. America in November 1975 as Good Morning America, taking its title from the chorus of the Steve Goodman song "City of New Orleans". He set records for any division in number of defenses and longevity as world champion non stop, and both records still stand. After rave reviews for the pilot, the format replaced A.M.

He was a world champion for 11 years and 10 months, after which he left his crown vacant. ABC took an episode of The Morning Exchange and used it as a pilot episode. In between serving in the United States Army during the Second World War, Louis kept on defending his title, totalling 25 defenses from '37 to 1949. The result of all of this was ratings of nearly 70% for The Morning Exchange. Louis favored Willkie over FDR because he believed that Willkie and the Republicans would do more for civil rights. Baker, felt the living room set would make viewers feel more comfortable. In 1940 Louis actively campaigned for Wendell Willkie for the presidency. Perris and William F.

But by beating a German boxer, Louis won over whites too, something very hard to do during the 1930s and 1940s in the United States. The show's creators, Donald L. Louis was black, so when he won the title, he had become an example to his fellow black Americans. Also unlike both the NBC and ABC shows, The Morning Exchange was not broadcast from a newsroom set but instead one that resembled a suburban living room. With his superior speed, Louis retained his title by a knockout in the first round, avenging his only loss up until that time and achieving something not too many African-Americans of the era imagined anyone could do: becoming a national hero both for the white and the black population. The Morning Exchange also established a group of regular guests who were experts in certain fields such as health, entertainment, consumer affairs, travel, etc. The fight itself ended quickly. America and The Today Show, The Morning Exchange took less of a straightfoward news approach by offering news and weather updates only at the top and bottom of every hour and used the rest of the time discussing general-interest/entertainment topics.

This time the fight was hyped on both sides of the Atlantic, and many fans around the world saw this fight as a symbol: Louis representing the American interests and Schmeling, who was wrongly seen as a Nazi, fighting for Germany and white supremacy. Unlike A.M. The rematch with Schmeling finally took place, on June 22, 1938. America but instead was airing a locally produced show called The Morning Exchange. Louis retained the title three times, outpointing the capable Welshman Tommy Farr and knocking out Nathan Mann in three and Harry Thomas in five. While looking around, they found that one of their affiliates, WEWS in Cleveland, was not broadcasting A.M. He said after the fight, however, that he would not feel like a world champion until he beat one man: Schmeling. The show could not find an audience against The Today Show, so ABC started to look for a new approach.

Louis was dropped in round one, but he got up and became the world champion by knocking Braddock out in round eight. ABC's show was hosted by Bill Beutel and Stephanie Edwards, with Peter Jennings reading the news. Braddock in Chicago for the World Heavyweight title. America in an attempt to compete with the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network production of The Today Show hosted by Jim Hartz and Barbara Walters. 1937 came by, and after a ten round decision win over Bob Pastor, Louis was matched with world champion James J. In January 1975, ABC launched A.M. The referee stopped the fight right away. .

Among the boxers he defeated were former Heavyweight champ Jack Sharkey and Eddie Simms, who turned and asked the referee to take a walk on the roof with him after a hit from Louis. Since 2004, ABC has also aired Good Morning America Weekend Edition. That year Louis had four more bouts, winning all of them, and three exhibitions. When major events happen in Washington during the morning hours, then the show is broadcast from Washington. Schmeling now deserved a fight for the title, but was denied a chance to challenge the world champion in large part due to his relatively weak ties to the German Nazi Party. The program is currently hosted by Charles Gibson, Diane Sawyer, and Robin Roberts. Louis and his supporters were devastated. It is the only network morning news program to broadcast in HDTV.

Schmeling managed to weather Louis's pummeling long enough to exploit this weakness and bring down Louis. It is recorded live from Times Square Studios in New York City and fed to all network affiliates. The German had studied Louis and discovered that he dropped his left hand after throwing his legendary left jab. The show features news, weather, and special interest stories. In his next fight, however, he was matched with former world Heavyweight champion Max Schmeling, who was thought to be fading when he upset Louis by a knockout in 12 at New York. The show was launched in 1975. He began 1936 knocking out Charlie Retzlaff in the first round. Good Morning America or GMA is the weekday morning news talk show of the American Broadcasting Company television network (ABC).

His last four bouts that year were exhibitions in Canada, as one fight versus Isodoro Castagana, supposed to take place December 29 at Havana, Cuba, was suspended. Bob Woodruff (as of 2004). He won each of his fights, and he began to face better opposition, beating former world Heavyweight champions Primo Carnera and Max Baer, and former Carnera world title challenger Paolino Uzcudun. George Stephanopoulos (1997-2002). In 1935, he boxed 13 more times, and started touring the United States and Canada. Wolfgang Puck (as of 2004). Among his opponents in 1934 were Art Sykes and Stanley Poreda, both top contenders. Joel Siegel (as of 2004).

He won 12 fights that year, all in Chicago, 10 by knockout. Claire Shipman (as of 2004). Louis made his debut on July 4 of that year, knocking out Jack Kracken in the first round at Chicago, Illinois that night. Nance (as of 2004). He went on to win Michigan's Golden Gloves title, after which he turned professional in 1934. John J. The son of Monroe Barrow, a cotton picker, and Lilly Reese, a homemaker, Louis became interested in boxing after the Barrows moved to Detroit in 1924. Ann Pleshette Murphy (as of 2004).

. David Muir (as of 2004). Joseph Louis Barrow (1914-1981), better known in the boxing world as Joe Louis and nicknamed The Brown Bomber, was a native of Lexington, Alabama who became World Heavyweight Champion. Sara Moulton (as of 2004). his two fights versus future world Heavyweight champion Jersey Joe Walcott, who would drop Louis in round four of their first bout and lose a close decision, then get knocked out by Louis in the rematch in 11 rounds. Emeril Lagasse (as of 2004). In the rematch, Louis won by a knockout in the eighth round. Timothy Johnson (as of 2004).

His decision to go toe-to-toe with Louis turned out to be his downfall, as the champion KO'd Conn with a vicious barrage. Rebecca Kolls (as of 2004). Near the end of round 12, though, Conn visibly hurt Louis, so he decided to go for a knockout in the 13th. Gregory Hunter (as of 2004). Conn, much smaller than Louis but also much faster, said that he planned to "hit and run,' prompting Louis's famous response, "He can run, but he can't hide." For 12 rounds it appeared that Conn would prove Louis wrong; his agile footwork, blinding hand speed and ability to slip punches stymied Louis, and Conn was so far ahead on points that only a knockout could save Louis. Mellody Hobson (as of 2004). his two fights with world Light Heavyweight champion Billy Conn, the first of which is remembered as one of the greatest fights in heavywieght history. Ron Hazelton (as of 2004).

his two fights with Chilean Arturo Godoy, who almost did something no other boxer from Chile has ever done and no Hispanic had done before: Become world Heavyweight champion in their first bout, which Louis won by a close decision, and when Louis won the rematch by a knockout in the eight round, a riot broke loose at the Madison Square Garden. Don Dahler (as of 2004). his fight with Two Ton Tony Galento, who upset the boxing world by knocking Louis down in round one, but Louis got up and knocked Galento out in the fourth. Bill Weir (as of 2004). his fight versus world Light Heavyweight champion John Henry Lewis, knocked out in the first. Kate Snow (as of 2004). Robin Roberts (as of 2004).

Tony Perkins (1999-2005). Diane Sawyer (as of 2004). Charles Gibson (as of 2004).