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Jim Henson

For the company founded by Henson, see The Jim Henson Company.
Jim Henson

James Maury "Jim" Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990), was one of the most important puppeteers in modern American television history. He was also a filmmaker, television producer, and the founder of The Jim Henson Company, the Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop.

Creator of The Muppets, and the leading force behind their long creative run, Henson brought an engaging cast of characters, innovative ideas, and a sense of timing and humor to millions of people. He is also widely acknowledged for the ongoing vision of faith, friendship, magic, and love which was infused in nearly all of his work.

Early work

Born in Greenville, Mississippi in 1936, Henson moved with his family to Hyattsville, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. in the late 1940s. In 1954, while still in high school, he began working for WTOP-TV creating puppets for a Saturday morning children's show. The next year he created Sam and Friends, a five-minute puppet show for WRC-TV, while attending the University of Maryland, College Park. Sam and Friends were already recognizably Muppets, and the show included a primitive version of what would become Henson's signature character, Kermit the Frog. Already he was experimenting with the techniques that would change the way puppetry was used on television, notably using the frame defined by the camera shot to allow the puppeteer to work from off-camera.

Kermit the Frog stood by Jim Henson as his signature character for decades.

1960s

The success of Sam and Friends led to a series of guest appearances on network talk and variety shows. To this day, Muppets appear as "guests" on shows such as The Tonight Show and Hollywood Squares, with particularly memorable appearances by Kermit and Miss Piggy on 60 Minutes and Cookie Monster on Martha Stewart Living. Henson himself appeared as a guest on many shows, including The Ed Sullivan Show. The greatly increased exposure led to hundreds of commercial appearances (mostly for Wilkins Coffee) by Henson characters through the 1960s.

Being puppets, they have been able to get away with a greater level of slapstick violence than might be acceptable with human actors. A good example is one of the early coffee ads. A muppet is poised behind a cannon seen in profile. Another muppet is in front of the barrel end of the cannon. The first muppet says, "How do you feel about Wilkins Coffee?" The second muppet responds gruffly, "Never heard of it!" The first muppet fires the cannon and blows the second muppet away... then turns the cannon directly toward the viewer, and ends the ad with, "Now, how do you feel about Wilkins Coffee?"

In 1963, Henson and his wife Jane, also a puppeteer, moved to New York City, where the newly formed Muppets, Inc. would reside for some time. Henson devised Rowlf, a piano-playing anthropomorphic dog, the first Muppet to make a regular appearance on a network show The Jimmy Dean Show. At that time Henson's long-time partner Frank Oz also came on board with the new company.

From 1964 to 1968, Henson began exploring film-making, and produced a series of experimental films. His nine-minute experimental film Time Piece was nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for an Academy Award for Live Action Short Film in 1966. The NBC TV movie The Cube from 1969 is another experimental film that Jim Henson had produced.

In 1968, Joan Ganz Cooney and the team at the Children's Television Workshop began work on Sesame Street, a visionary children's program for public television. Part of the show was set aside for a series of funny, colorful puppet characters living on the titular street. These included Oscar the Grouch, Ernie and Bert, Cookie Monster, and Big Bird. Kermit was also included as a roving Television News Reporter; a frill was added around his neck, to make him a frog. At first the puppetry was separated from the realistic segments on the street, but after a poor test screening in Philadelphia, the show was revamped to integrate the two and place much greater emphasis on Henson's work.

1970s

Henson, Oz, and his team targeted an adult audience with a series of sketches on Saturday Night Live, set mostly in the Land of Gorch. Eleven sketches aired between October 1975 and January 1976, with four additional appearances in March, April, May, and September. The SNL writers never got comfortable writing for the characters.

The failure of the Muppets on SNL might have been a blessing in disguise. Starting in 1976, The Muppet Show was occupying Henson's attention in England. The show featured Kermit as host, and a variety of other memorable characters including Miss Piggy, Gonzo the Great, and Fozzie Bear. A vaudeville-style variety show aimed at a family audience, the show was a sensation in the United Kingdom and soon elsewhere in the world.

Contributions to film

The Muppet Show ended after a few seasons, but the characters have appeared in a long series of movies, beginning with 1979's The Muppet Movie. One song from that musical film, The Rainbow Connection, sung by Kermit, was nominated for an Oscar. The muppet characters have also appeared in a large number of made-for-TV-movies and television specials.

Henson was also responsible for two non-Muppet Show-related movies, 1982's high fantasy The Dark Crystal and the 1986 Labyrinth, co-produced by George Lucas. To provide a visual style distinct from the Muppets, the puppets in these two movies were based on conceptual artwork by Brian Froud.

Henson also continued creating children's programs—Fraggle Rock and the animated Muppet Babies—and new prime-time ventures such as the mythology-oriented The Storyteller. The Jim Henson company continues to produce new series and specials.

In 1982, Henson founded the Jim Henson Foundation to promote and develop the art of puppetry in the United States.

Henson also founded Jim Henson's Creature Shop to build creatures for a large number of other films and series (most recently the science fiction production Farscape), and is considered one of the most advanced and well respected creators of film creatures.

Death

Jim Henson died of bacterial pneumonia on May 16, 1990 at the age of 53. A memorial service for him aired on PBS, and drew millions of viewers and dozens of celebrities in reverence for his life and work.

The Jim Henson Company, Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop have continued on after his death. His son Brian and daughter Lisa are currently the co-chairs and co-CEOs of the Company; his daughter Cheryl is the president of the Foundation. Steve Whitmire, a veteran member of the muppet puppeteering crew, has assumed the roles of the two most famous characters played by Jim Henson himself, Kermit the Frog and Ernie.

On February 17, 2004, it was announced that the Muppets (excluding the Sesame Street characters, which are separately owned by Sesame Workshop) and Bear in the Big Blue House properties had been sold by Henson to The Walt Disney Company. The Jim Henson Company retains Creature Shop, as well as the rest of its film and television library including Fraggle Rock, Farscape, The Dark Crystal, and Labyrinth.

Tributes

  • On September 24, 2003, University of Maryland, College Park honored Jim Henson by holding a dedication ceremony. The ceremony dedicated a life-sized statue of University of Maryland alumnus Jim Henson, conversing with one of his favorite creations, Kermit the Frog, in front of the Adele Stamp Student Union on the College Park campus.[1]
  • Tom Smith's song "A Boy and His Frog", which won the Pegasus Award for Best Filk Song in 1991.

Further reading

  • Finch, Christopher, Charles S. Finch and Jim Henson. Jim Henson: The Works: The Art, the Magic, the Imagination. David McKay, 1993, hardcover, 251 pages, ISBN 0679412034.

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The Jim Henson Company retains Creature Shop, as well as the rest of its film and television library including Fraggle Rock, Farscape, The Dark Crystal, and Labyrinth. As of 2005 Hillary lives in quiet retirement in New Zealand. On February 17, 2004, it was announced that the Muppets (excluding the Sesame Street characters, which are separately owned by Sesame Workshop) and Bear in the Big Blue House properties had been sold by Henson to The Walt Disney Company. Edmund Hillary had been scheduled to act as a commentator on the ill-fated Air New Zealand flight TE901, but had to pull out due to work commitments elsewhere; he was replaced by his close friend Peter Mulgrew, who perished on the flight. Steve Whitmire, a veteran member of the muppet puppeteering crew, has assumed the roles of the two most famous characters played by Jim Henson himself, Kermit the Frog and Ernie. Sir Edmund is the first foreign national to receive such an honour from the Nepalese. His son Brian and daughter Lisa are currently the co-chairs and co-CEOs of the Company; his daughter Cheryl is the president of the Foundation. To mark the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the first successful ascent of Everest, the Nepalese Government conferred honorary citizenship upon Sir Edmund at a special golden jubilee celebration in the capital Kathmandu.

The Jim Henson Company, Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop have continued on after his death. On one occasion when he was asked about the possibility of the existence of the yeti or abominable snowman, he expressed his skepticism since he had actually searched the Himalayas for that elusive creature. A memorial service for him aired on PBS, and drew millions of viewers and dozens of celebrities in reverence for his life and work. During the mid-1980s, he was also New Zealand's Ambassador to India, where he was in frequent demand as a guest of honor. Jim Henson died of bacterial pneumonia on May 16, 1990 at the age of 53. He is also the Honorary President of the American Himalayan Foundation, a US non-profit body that also helps improve the ecology and living conditions in the Himalayas. Henson also founded Jim Henson's Creature Shop to build creatures for a large number of other films and series (most recently the science fiction production Farscape), and is considered one of the most advanced and well respected creators of film creatures. He has stated that he regards this as his most important achievement.

In 1982, Henson founded the Jim Henson Foundation to promote and develop the art of puppetry in the United States. Through his efforts he has succeeded in building many schools and hospitals in this remote region of the Himalaya. Henson also continued creating children's programs—Fraggle Rock and the animated Muppet Babies—and new prime-time ventures such as the mythology-oriented The Storyteller. The Jim Henson company continues to produce new series and specials. He has devoted much of his life to helping the Sherpa people of Nepal through the Himalayan Trust which he founded and to which he has given much of his time and energy. To provide a visual style distinct from the Muppets, the puppets in these two movies were based on conceptual artwork by Brian Froud. Hillary's son Peter Hillary is an adventurer and has climbed Everest twice. Henson was also responsible for two non-Muppet Show-related movies, 1982's high fantasy The Dark Crystal and the 1986 Labyrinth, co-produced by George Lucas. He later married June Mulgrew.

The muppet characters have also appeared in a large number of made-for-TV-movies and television specials. Hillary lost his wife Louise and daughter Belinda in an aircrash in Nepal. One song from that musical film, The Rainbow Connection, sung by Kermit, was nominated for an Oscar. He was created a Knight of the Order of the Garter (KG) on April 23, 1995. The Muppet Show ended after a few seasons, but the characters have appeared in a long series of movies, beginning with 1979's The Muppet Movie. He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on July 16, 1953 and was created a member of the Order of New Zealand (ONZ) in 1987. A vaudeville-style variety show aimed at a family audience, the show was a sensation in the United Kingdom and soon elsewhere in the world. He also reached the South Pole, as part of the British Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, on January 4, 1958.

The show featured Kermit as host, and a variety of other memorable characters including Miss Piggy, Gonzo the Great, and Fozzie Bear. He climbed 10 other peaks in the Himalaya on further visits in 1956, 1960-61 and 1963-65. Starting in 1976, The Muppet Show was occupying Henson's attention in England. He was part of an unsuccessful New Zealand expedition to Everest in 1951 before joining the successful British attempt of 1953. The failure of the Muppets on SNL might have been a blessing in disguise. During World War II he was a RNZAF navigator. The SNL writers never got comfortable writing for the characters. He found that his gangly and uncoordinated frame was physically strong and had greater endurance than many of his tramping companions.

Eleven sketches aired between October 1975 and January 1976, with four additional appearances in March, April, May, and September. At age 16, his interest in climbing was sparked during a school trip to Ruapehu. Henson, Oz, and his team targeted an adult audience with a series of sketches on Saturday Night Live, set mostly in the Land of Gorch. As he grew up he was smaller than his peers and very shy so he took refuge in his books and daydreams of a life filled with adventure. At first the puppetry was separated from the realistic segments on the street, but after a poor test screening in Philadelphia, the show was revamped to integrate the two and place much greater emphasis on Henson's work. The trip to school was over two hours each way, time which he spent reading. Kermit was also included as a roving Television News Reporter; a frill was added around his neck, to make him a frog. Born in Tuakau (south of Auckland), Hillary attended the Auckland Grammar School.

These included Oscar the Grouch, Ernie and Bert, Cookie Monster, and Big Bird. Sir Edmund is the only living New Zealander to appear on a banknote. Part of the show was set aside for a series of funny, colorful puppet characters living on the titular street. After descending, legend has it the ex-apiarist (beekeeper) said he and Tenzing had 'knocked the bastard off', a phrase which has found its way into colloquial New Zealand English. In 1968, Joan Ganz Cooney and the team at the Children's Television Workshop began work on Sesame Street, a visionary children's program for public television. He reached the 29,035-foot (8850 m) summit on May 29, 1953 with Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa. The NBC TV movie The Cube from 1969 is another experimental film that Jim Henson had produced. Sir Edmund Percival Hillary, KG, ONZ, KBE (Born July 20, 1919 ) is a New Zealand mountaineer and explorer, most famous for the first successful climb of Mount Everest.

His nine-minute experimental film Time Piece was nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for an Academy Award for Live Action Short Film in 1966. From 1964 to 1968, Henson began exploring film-making, and produced a series of experimental films. At that time Henson's long-time partner Frank Oz also came on board with the new company. Henson devised Rowlf, a piano-playing anthropomorphic dog, the first Muppet to make a regular appearance on a network show The Jimmy Dean Show.

would reside for some time. In 1963, Henson and his wife Jane, also a puppeteer, moved to New York City, where the newly formed Muppets, Inc. then turns the cannon directly toward the viewer, and ends the ad with, "Now, how do you feel about Wilkins Coffee?". The first muppet says, "How do you feel about Wilkins Coffee?" The second muppet responds gruffly, "Never heard of it!" The first muppet fires the cannon and blows the second muppet away..

Another muppet is in front of the barrel end of the cannon. A muppet is poised behind a cannon seen in profile. A good example is one of the early coffee ads. Being puppets, they have been able to get away with a greater level of slapstick violence than might be acceptable with human actors.

The greatly increased exposure led to hundreds of commercial appearances (mostly for Wilkins Coffee) by Henson characters through the 1960s. Henson himself appeared as a guest on many shows, including The Ed Sullivan Show. To this day, Muppets appear as "guests" on shows such as The Tonight Show and Hollywood Squares, with particularly memorable appearances by Kermit and Miss Piggy on 60 Minutes and Cookie Monster on Martha Stewart Living. The success of Sam and Friends led to a series of guest appearances on network talk and variety shows.

Already he was experimenting with the techniques that would change the way puppetry was used on television, notably using the frame defined by the camera shot to allow the puppeteer to work from off-camera. Sam and Friends were already recognizably Muppets, and the show included a primitive version of what would become Henson's signature character, Kermit the Frog. The next year he created Sam and Friends, a five-minute puppet show for WRC-TV, while attending the University of Maryland, College Park. In 1954, while still in high school, he began working for WTOP-TV creating puppets for a Saturday morning children's show.

in the late 1940s. Born in Greenville, Mississippi in 1936, Henson moved with his family to Hyattsville, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. . He is also widely acknowledged for the ongoing vision of faith, friendship, magic, and love which was infused in nearly all of his work.

Creator of The Muppets, and the leading force behind their long creative run, Henson brought an engaging cast of characters, innovative ideas, and a sense of timing and humor to millions of people. He was also a filmmaker, television producer, and the founder of The Jim Henson Company, the Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop. James Maury "Jim" Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990), was one of the most important puppeteers in modern American television history. David McKay, 1993, hardcover, 251 pages, ISBN 0679412034.

Jim Henson: The Works: The Art, the Magic, the Imagination. Finch and Jim Henson. Finch, Christopher, Charles S. Tom Smith's song "A Boy and His Frog", which won the Pegasus Award for Best Filk Song in 1991.

The ceremony dedicated a life-sized statue of University of Maryland alumnus Jim Henson, conversing with one of his favorite creations, Kermit the Frog, in front of the Adele Stamp Student Union on the College Park campus.[1]. On September 24, 2003, University of Maryland, College Park honored Jim Henson by holding a dedication ceremony.