Jeff Gordon

He previously won "The Great American Race" in 1997 and 1999. This has also been extended to Friendster, a site which vaguely recalls Napster's community-building features.^{[10] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_blogster), [11] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_sxsw)}. On February 20, 2005 Jeff Gordon won the Daytona 500 for the third time. The suffix "-ster" has become a popular component of the brand names of many internet products, suggesting a peer-to-peer model, such as Grokster, Aimster (later Madster), Blubster. He was slated to run it again in 2004 against Formula 1 Champion Michael Schumacher but was sidelined by the flu, and Casey Mears took his place. In the 2003 remake of The Italian Job, a flashback depicts Shawn Fanning stealing the program from a computer expert played by Seth Green while the latter is napping, depicting a humorous folk etymology of the name. Gordon has also participated in some off-road events, including a winning drive with Team USA at the 2002 Race of Champions. In a very real sense, Shawn Fanning can be called the man who opened a Pandora's Box.

Their marriage ended in a very public and bitter divorce in 2003. An emerging and cryptographically strong third generation of P2P protocols will likely be nearly impossible to interdict. Gordon was married to Brooke Gordon (also known as Brooke Sealy) who was Miss Winston in 1992. The ever-widening availability of broadband has made file sharing even more prevalent, since with increasing download speeds mean the distribution of entire movies and other large files is possible. Gordon remains popular in his home state of Indiana and his birth state of California, but is often booed by fans in the deep South. Grokster, decision currently pending). fans. Designed as decentralized networks, these have been much more challenging for copyright owners to pursue in the courts (see MGM vs.

Currently, many fans in NASCAR divide themselves into two major factions: Jeff Gordon fans and Dale Earnhardt, Jr. Unofficial Napster servers proliferated, aided by a program known as "Napigator", and a second generation of P2P protocols (including FastTrack and Gnutella) were quickly developed. Fan reaction to Gordon's continuing success has been sharply divided. In the meantime, the peer-to-peer filesharing (or P2P) trend Napster started soon resumed, with new programs and networks picking up the torch. Gordon is still one of the best known drivers in NASCAR. The years between Napster's demise and the emergence of the iTunes Music Store as the first popular pay-service were squandered as the five major labels bickered amongst themselves, launching the user-unfriendly, restrictive, and mutually incompatible subscription services Pressplay and MusicNet.^{[9] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_musicnetpressplay)}. It is also thought by many that he opened NASCAR up to the rest of the nation; before Gordon's success in NASCAR, the sport and organization was not popular outside of the Southeast United States. Although the central servers used by Napster made it a convenient legal target, the record industry failed to capitalize on the power vacuum left in its wake.

Jeff Gordon is widely regarded as the best active driver in NASCAR because he achieved so much through sheer talent at such a young age. As of 2005, this new service has met with moderate success. In 2004, Jeff Gordon also became the only NASCAR driver with four Brickyard 400 victories at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and one of only four drivers to have four victories at the historic track. which used them to rebrand the Pressplay music service as Napster 2.0. There are only two other drivers with more than four Cup titles: Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt (both had seven titles). After a 2.4 million dollar offer by the Private Media Group, an "adult entertainment company",^{[8] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_porn)} Napster's brand and logos were acquired at bankruptcy auction by the company Roxio, Inc. Finally, in 1995, at the age of 24, Gordon won the first of four NASCAR Winston Cup Championships. In the absence of any other force that could account for this success Menta declared this was proof that Napster was a promotional power.

In 1993, Gordon raced a full season in the Winston Cup for Hendrick Motorsports, he won the Rookie of the Year award. The record beat out the CDs of some of the most heavily marketed artists of the time including Madonna and Eminem. Coincidentally, almost symbolically, Gordon's first Winston Cup race, the 1992 Hooters 500 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway, was also the final race for Richard Petty. Kid A not only broke the top 20, it captured the number one spot on the charts in its debut week. Gordon then went on to spend two successful years in the NASCAR Busch Series (he set a NASCAR record by capturing 11 poles in one season). The record industry braced for the worst, but then came the big surprise. In 1991, Gordon moved up to the USAC Silver Crown and at the age of 20 became the youngest driver to win the title. By the time of the record's release Kid A had been downloaded by millions of people worldwide.

The next year Gordon won the USAC Midget title. As Richard Menta of MP3 Newswire described,^{[7] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_kida)} it was a perfect vehicle to test this theory as the effect of Napster was isolated from other elements that could be credited for driving sales. Before the age of 18 Gordon had already won three short-track races and was awarded USAC Midget Car Racing Rookie of the Year in 1989. Furthermore, it was an experimental album that received little promotion and almost no radio airplay. Gordon's family moved to Indiana just for the racing opportunities available for drivers in general but especially for minor-aged drivers. Unlike Madonna, Radiohead never hit the top 20 in the US. It may have been Jeff's idea, but his family fully supported him. Proof may have come in April 2000 when tracks from Radiohead's album Kid A found their way to Napster three months before the CD's release.

According to his step-father racing was Jeff's idea. With all the accusations that Napster was destroying the record industry there were those who felt just the opposite, that file trading on Napster actually stimulated, rather than hurt, sales. Gordon began racing when he was about four years old. bankruptcy laws.^{[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_blocked)} Most of the Napster staff were laid off, and the website changed to display "Napster was here". Jeff Gordon was a racing child prodigy. On September 3, 2002, an American bankruptcy judge blocked the sale to Bertelsmann and forced Napster to liquidate its assets according to Chapter 7 of the U.S. His sponsors include DuPont, Pepsi, Frito-Lay, Quaker State, SDRC, AC Delco, Rain-X, Slick 50, Haas, GMAC, Delphi Automotive, Lowe's. Pursuant to terms of that agreement, on June 3 Napster filed for Chapter 11 protection under United States bankruptcy laws.

Jeffrey Michael Gordon (born August 4, 1971 in Vallejo, California), a four-time NASCAR Winston Cup champion, drives the #24 Chevrolet Monte Carlo. On May 17, 2002, Napster announced that its assets would be acquired by German media firm Bertelsmann AG for $8 million. Napster 3.0 was, according to many former Napster employees, ready to deploy, but it had significant trouble obtaining licenses to distribute major-label music. A prototype solution was tested in the spring of 2002: the Napster 3.0 Alpha, using audio fingerprinting technology licensed from Relatable. In order to pay those fees, Napster attempted to convert their free service to a subscription system.

Napster agreed to pay music creators and copyright owners a $26 million settlement for past, unauthorized uses of music, as well as an advance against future licensing royalties of $10 million. After a failed appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court, an injunction was issued on March 5, 2001 ordering Napster to prevent the trading of copyrighted music on its network.^{[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_injunction)} In July 2001, Napster shut down its entire network in order to comply with the injunction. On September 24, 2001, the case was partially settled. Similarly, many supporters of Napster were concerned about the media's constant use of the word "site" to describe the service, a word which seems to imply that Napster was distributing files itself rather than facilitating their exchange. Many argued that any attempt to shut down Napster would simply lead to people using a different medium to exchange files over the Internet.

These users viewed Napster as a simple search engine. To them, it seemed that file sharing was inevitable on the Internet, and it was not Napster's fault that people used the service to share copyrighted files. At the time, the lawsuit puzzled Napster users and supporters. Later that year, Madonna became irate when one of her singles leaked out on to the web and Napster prior to its commercial release, causing widespread media coverage.^{[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_madonna)} Napster use peaked with 26.4 million users worldwide in February 2001.^{[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_peak)}.

The lawsuit was a failure, but 300,000 Napster users were banned from the service for sharing Metallica mp3s. The band responded in 2000 by filing a lawsuit against the Napster service. This eventually led to the song being played on several radio stations across America. Heavy metal band Metallica discovered that a demo of their song "I Disappear" had been circulating across the Napster network.

Soon millions of users, many of them college students, flocked to it. Napster's facilitation of illegal activity raised the ire of several major recording companies, who almost immediately — in December 1999 — filed a lawsuit against the popular service,^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_amrecords)} already called a "a huge grassroots effort" by MP3 Newswire.^{[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster#endnote_grassroots)} The service would only get bigger as the trial, meant to shut down Napster, also gave it a great deal of publicity. With the files obtained through Napster, people frequently made their own compilation albums on recordable CDs for free, without paying any royalties to the artist/composer or the estate of the artist/composer. Napster also enabled people to obtain older songs, copies of music they had already paid for in another format, unreleased recordings, and songs from concert bootleg recordings.

People praised Napster because it enabled them to obtain hit songs without having to buy an entire album (or indeed, pay at all). Many people said that albums contained only one or two good songs, along with many low-quality "filler" songs. At the time Napster was released, there was a general perception that the quality of new albums had decreased. The result was a system whose popularity generated a large selection of music to download.

Although there were already media which facilitated the sharing of files across the Internet, such as IRC, Hotline, and USENET, Napster specialized exclusively in music in the form of MP3 files and presented a friendly user-interface. This is very similar to how instant messaging systems work. It was the first of the massively popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems, although it was not fully peer-to-peer since it used central servers to maintain lists of connected systems and the files they provided, while actual transactions were conducted directly between machines. The final documents gave Shawn 30% control of the company, with the rest going to his uncle.

John Fanning of Hull, Massachusetts, who is Shawn's uncle, helped him incorporate the company. Fanning wanted an easier method of finding music than by searching IRC or Lycos. Shawn Fanning first released the original Napster in the fall of 1999. The service was named Napster after Fanning's nickname.

Its technology allowed music fans to easily share MP3 format song files with each other, thus leading to the music industry's accusations of massive copyright violations. Although the original service was shut down by court order, it paved the way for decentralized P2P file-sharing programs, which have been much harder to control. Napster was the first widely-used peer-to-peer music sharing service, and it made a major impact on how people, especially college students, used the Internet. Napster is an online music service which was originally a file sharing service created by Shawn Fanning. March 16, 2004.

Austin, TX. SXSW Interactive Keynote Speech (http://blog.fastcompany.com/archives/2004/03/16/what_the_heck_is_social_networking.html#more). South by Southwest Festival. ^  Abrams, Jonathan. ^  Grimmelmann, James: "Blogster (http://www.laboratorium.net/archives/Blogster.html)", The Laboratorium, (July 18, 2003).

Ice Magazine, (179). MusicNet, PressPlay Fall Short (http://www.icemagazine.com/digital/dd_179.shtm). (February 2002). ^  Dube, Ric.

^  "Porn company offers to buy Napster (http://news.com.com/2100-1023-957784.html?tag=fd_top)", CNET News.com, (September 12, 2002). ^  Menta, Richard: "Did Napster Take Radiohead's New Album to Number 1? (http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2000/radiohead.html)", MP3 Newswire, (October 28, 2000). ^  Evangelista, Benny: "Napster runs out of lives – judge rules against sale (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/09/04/BU138263.DTL)", San Francisco Chronicle, (September 4, 2002). 2002).

3d 1091 (9th Cir. 5, 2001), aff’d, 284 F. Mar. LEXIS 2186 (N.D. Cal.

^  2001 US Dist. Press Release. Global Napster Usage Plummets, But New File-Sharing Alternatives Gaining Ground (http://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?id=249). ^  Jupiter Media Metrix (July 20, 2001).

^  Borland, John: "Unreleased Madonna Single Slips On To Net (http://news.com.com/2100-1023-241341.html?legacy=cnet)", CNET News.com, (June 1, 2000). ^  Menta, Richard: "RIAA Sues Music Startup Napster for $20 Billion (http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/napster.html)", MP3 Newswire, (December 9, 1999). 2001). 2000), aff'd in part, rev'd in part, 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir.

Cal. 2d 896 (N.D. Supp. v. Napster, Inc., 114 F.

^  A & M Records, Inc.