Jeans

[3]. They were once thought by early astronomers to be literal lakes. [2] This last verdict, however, was also overturned, on 28 November 2001 by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, which finally established that wearing jeans does not exclude rape. There are dark basaltic plains on the Moon, similar to lunar maria but smaller, that are called lacus (singular lacus, Latin for "lake"). Therefore, they ruled, the supposed victim must have been an active participant in the act. Some photographs taken during the Galileo mission appear to show lakes of liquid sulfur on the surface. On 10 February 1999 the Italian Supreme Court of Appeal in Rome overturned a rape conviction, stating that jeans are unable to be removed without the wearer's consent. Jupiter's small moon Io is volcanically active due to tidal stresses, and as a result sulfur deposits have accumulated on the surface.

Besides trousers, jeans can also be made into:. Under current conditions this water will quickly evaporate or freeze unless insulated in some manner, such as by a coating of volcanic ash. See Lowrise jeans. It is also possible that volcanic activity on Mars will occasionally melt the subsurface ice, forming large lakes. Rises in jeans (the distance from the crotch to the waistband) range from high-waisted to superlow-rise. However geologic evidence appears to confirm that ancient lakes once formed on the surface. Here are just some of the fits of the past and present:. At present the surface of the planet Mars is too cold to permit pooling of liquid water on the surface.

Fits of jeans are determined by current styles, sex and by the manufacturer. As of 2005, it is again rapidly losing water, giving rise to the fear that it will be completely dried up by 2010. In Chinese, jeans are known as niuzaiku (SC: 牛仔裤), literally, "cowboy pants" (trousers), indicating their association with the American West, cowboy culture, and outdoors work. Neusiedler See, located in Austria and Hungary, dried up several times for a number years during the past centuries. Being imported American products, especially in the case of the Soviet Union which restricted hard currency imports, they were somewhat expensive. News sources reported government officials theorized that this strange phenomena may have been caused by a shift on soil underneath the lake which drained water to channels leading to Oka River. Outside of the United States, particularly in Russian popular culture, blue jeans were and are fashionable, symbolizing American culture and the good life. On June 3, 2005 in Bolotnikovo, Russia, a lake called White Lake vanished in a short period of time (minutes).

Today, Levis are available in a variety of styles, from tight to loose fit, and are sold either pre-washed or shrink-to-fit. A prime example of this is Lake Cerknica in Slovenia. Levis were originally produced in only three sizes, and the wearer would jump into a body of water -- from a creek to a pond to a horse trough, to shrink them to fit. Some lakes can also disappear seasonally; they are called Intermittent lakes and are typical of karstic terrain. Originally worn by miners, farmers, and cowboys, Levis are worn and seen in all walks of life. In the very last stages of succession, more trees would grow in, eventually turning the wetland into a forest. Levi's are known for their rugged construction, personal "shrink-to-fit", and versatility. In lowland river valleys (allowing the river to meander), the presence of peat is explained by the closing of historical oxbow lakes.

Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s to the point where jeans are now a wardrobe staple, with the average American owning 7 pairs. Gradually, the lake closes, and young peat may form, forming a fen. During the 1960s the wearing of blue jeans became more acceptable and by the 1970s had become a general fashion in the United States, at least for informal wear. They become a new habitat for other plants (like peat moss, when conditions are right) and animals, many of which are very rare. This was considered by some adults as disruptive; for example, some movie theaters refused to admit patrons who wore blue jeans. A "disappearing" lake (barely noticeable on a human timescale) typically has a water's edge with extensive plant mats. In the United States during the 1950s, wearing of blue jeans by teenagers and young adults became symbolic of mild protest against conformity. Turbid lakes, and lakes with much plant-eating fish, tend to disappear slower.

Initially blue jeans were simply sturdy trousers worn by workers. Large water plants (typically reeds) accelerate this closing process significantly because they trap sediment. After Strauss accepted Davis's offer, on May 20, 1873, the two men received patent #139,121, a patent for an "Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings", from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the blue jean, as we know it today, was born. An important difference exists between lowland and highland lakes: lowland lakes are more placid, are less rocky/more sedimentary, have a less sloping bottom, and generally contain more plant life. Jacobs did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Levi suggesting that they both go into business together. A lake may be infilled with deposited sediment, and gradually, the lake becomes a wetland, such as a swamp or marsh. After one of Jacob's customers kept purchasing cloth to reinforce torn trousers, he had an idea to use copper rivets to reinforce the points of strain, such as on the pocket corners and at the base of the button fly. In the daytime, the lake can cool the land beside it with local winds, resulting in a sea breeze; in the night, it can warm it, forming a land breeze.

One of Levi's customers was Jacob Davis, a tailor who frequently purchased bolts of cloth from the Levi Strauss & Co wholesale house. A lake moderates the surrounding region's temperature and climate because water has a very high specific heat capacity (4186). Levi Strauss was a Bavarian dry goods merchant living in San Francisco. It is commonly used to test eutrophication. Circa 1872, jeans made a formal arrival in America. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible, is the Secchi depth, and is a measure for transparency. The French bleu de Gênes, from the Italian blu di genova, literally the "blue of Genoa" dye of their fabric, is the root of the names for these pants, "jeans" and "blue jeans", today. This is a 20 cm disk with alternating white and black quadrants.

The French word for these trousers was anchored around their word for Genoa. The light depth or transparency is measured by using a Secchi disk. The first denim came from Nîmes, France, hence de Nimes, the name of the fabric. Piscivorous fish eat plant-eating (planktonivorous) fish, thus increasing the number of algae (see aquatic trophic cascade). These jeans would be laundered by dragging them in large mesh nets behind the ship, and the sea water would bleach them white. Bottom-dwelling detritivorous fish are responsible for turbid waters, because they stir the mud in search for food. The first were made for the Genoese Navy because it required all-purpose trousers for its sailors that could be worn wet or dry, and whose legs could easily be rolled up to wear while swabbing the deck. The turbidity is a decisive factor in the transparency of the water.

Jeans were first created in Genoa, Italy when the city was an independent Republic and a naval power. A sediment particle is in suspension if its weight is less than the random turbidity forces acting upon it. [1]. Biological particles are algae and detritus. Sailors cut it to suit them. In very shallow water bodies, iron oxides make water reddish brown. Dyed in indigo, it was sold in the vicinity of the Dongarii Fort near Mumbai. Decaying plant matter for instance is responsible for a yellow or brown color, while algae result in greenish water.

The earliest known pre-cursor for jeans is the Indian export of a thick cotton cloth, in the 16th century, known as dungaree. These particles can be sedimentary or biological in origin and are responsible for the color of the water. . The depth which light can reach in lakes depends on the density and motion of particles. Today Jeans are a very popular form of casual dress around the world and come in many styles and colors. Limnology divides lakes in three zones: littoral zone, which is a sloped area that is close to land; open-water zone, where sunlight is abundant; and deep-water zone, where little sunlight can reach. Historic brands include Levi's and Wrangler. Artificial lakes can also be made deliberately by digging one or by flooding an open-pit mine.

Originally work clothes, they became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s. Some of the world's largest lakes are reservoirs. Jeans are trousers made from denim. A reservoir (French: réservoir) is an artificial lake created by flooding land behind a dam. Cut offs. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, and the released carbon dioxide flows down the river valley. Capris. Under these circumstances even carbon dioxide is toxic.

Hats. As the water surfaces, and the pressure drops, a vast amount of gas cab comes out of solution. Bags. The amount of gas that can be dissolved in water is pressure related. Jackets. Exceptional events, like earthquakes or landslides, which do cause mixing, that brings up the deep layers, can release a vast cloud of toxic gas. Skirts. The deeper layer becomes oxygen starved, and can become saturated with carbon dioxide, and possibly other gases, like sulfur dioxide, if there is even a trace of volcanic activity.

Dresses. Since the water of deep tropical lakes never reaches the temperature where water reaches its maximum density, there is no process that makes the water mix. Skorts - combination of shorts and skirts. The reservoir of deep, cold water allows cities to tap that reservoir for deep lake water cooling. Shorts. Deep Temperate lakes can maintain a reservoir of cold water year-round. Skinny Leg. When the density of surface water differs from that of the deeper water there is a marked barrier layer, the thermocline, that prevents mixing.

Classic. When the temperature of the water at the surface of a lake reaches the temperature at which water is most dense all the water in the lake can mix, bringing oxygen starved water up from the depths, and bringing oxygen down to decomposing sediments. Original. Fresh water is most dense at about 4 degrees Celsius. Carpenter. Because of the unusual relationship between water's temperature and its density, the water in lakes in temperate climates mixes twice a year. Saggy. The are kept liquid because the overlying ice acts as a thermal insulator retaining energy introduced to its underside by friction, water percolating through crevasses, by the pressure from the mass of the ice sheet above or by geothermal heating below.

Bell Bottom/Flare. There are many such lakes, but Lake Vostok in Antarctica is by far the largest. Boy Cut. They can occur under glaciers and ice caps or ice sheets. Slim Fit. A subglacial lake is one which is permanently covered by ice. Baggy. A periglacial lake is one in which part of its margin is formed by an ice sheet, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land.

Boot Cut. Such lakes are of little use, and have a poor ecosystem. Straight. Lakes typically reach this condition due to human activities, such as heavy use of fertilizers in the lake catchment area. Loose. These lakes typically have poor clarity and are subject to algal blooms. Ankle. A hypertrophic lake is a water body that has been highly enriched with nutrients.

Eutrophic lakes are enriched with nutrients, resulting in good plant growth and possible algal blooms. Mesotropic lakes have good clarity and an average level of nutrients. Nutrient poor lakes are said to be oligotrophic, and are generally clear, having a low concentration of plant life. Lakes can be categorized on the basis of their richness of nutrients, which typically effects plant growth.

As climate conditions and human water requirements vary, these will create fluctuations in the lake level. Output sources are evaporation from the lake; surface and groundwater flows, and any extraction of lake water by humans. The significant input sources are precipitation onto the lake; runoff carried by streams and channels from the lake's catchment area; groundwater channels and aquifers, and man-made sources from outside the catchment area. The change in level of a lake is controlled by the difference between the sources of inflow and outflow, compared to the total volume of the lake.

Some lakes come into existence as a result of sinkhole activity. The Crater Lake in Oregon is a lake located within the caldera of an extinct volcano. Some lakes, like Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika are volcanic in origin, and lie on geological fault lines. The pressure from ice and the internal chemical composition means that if the lake were drilled into, it may result in a fissure and spraying in the same manner as a shaken can of soda.

Lake Vostok is an under-ice lake in Antarctica, possibly the largest in the world. This gap now forms the main passage for the river and the ends of the bend become silted up. Eventually a horseshoe bend is formed and the river cuts through the narrow neck. The slow-moving river forms a sinuous shape as the outer side of bends is torn away more rapidly than the inner side.

Small, crescent-shaped lakes called oxbow lakes can form in river valleys as the result of meandering. Examples of salt lakes include the Great Salt Lake, the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. Saline lakes can form where there is no natural outlet or the water evaporates rapidly, and the drainage surface of the water table has a higher than normal salt content. When the ice retreated, the result was an immense flood that created the Dry Falls at Sun Lakes, Washington.

An example of the latter occurred during the last ice age in the state of Washington, when a huge lake formed behind a glacial flow. Lakes can also form by means of landslides or by glacial blockages. Such lakes are common in Scandinavia, Siberia and Canada. The advance and retreat of glaciers can scrape depressions in the surface where lakes accumulate.

A recent tectonic uplift of a mountain range can create bowl-shaped depressions that accumulate water and form lakes. There are a number of natural processes that can form lakes. Most lakes are young, as the natural results of erosion will tend to wear away one of the basin sides containing the lake. .

Over 60% of the world's lakes are in Canada; this is because of the deranged drainage system that dominates the country. The Great Lakes of North America originated in the ice age. Finland is known as The Land of the Thousand Lakes (actually there are 187,888 lakes in Finland, of which 60,000 are large) and Minnesota is known as The Land of Ten Thousand Lakes. Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for hydro-electric power supply, recreation (swimming, wind surfing,...), water supply, etc.

The term lake is also used to describe a feature such as Lake Eyre, which is dry most of the time but becomes filled under seasonal conditions of heavy rainfall. Large lakes are sometimes referred to as "inland seas" and small seas are sometimes referred to as lakes. The majority of lakes are fresh water, and most lie in the Northern Hemisphere at higher latitudes. A lake is a body of water surrounded by land.

Before the current city boundaries came into effect in 2001, this status was held by Lake Ramsey, also in Sudbury. The largest lake located completely within the boundaries of a single city is Lake Wanapitei in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Lake Titicaca is the largest freshwater lake in South America. It however lies at sea level with a relatively wide opening to sea, so it is better described as a bay.

Lake Maracaibo can be considered as the largest lake in South America. It is a part of the Great Lakes of Africa. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa. The largest freshwater lake in Europe is Lake Ladoga, followed by Lake Onega, both in north-western Russia.

Lake Toba on the island of Sumatra is located in what is probably the largest resurgent caldera on Earth. The largest lake located on an island is Nettilling Lake on Baffin Island. The largest freshwater-lake island is Manitoulin Island on Lake Huron, with a surface area of 2,766 square km. It is also one of the lakes with highest salt concentration.

The world's lowest lake is the Dead Sea, currently (2005) 418 m (1,371 ft.) below sea level. The world's highest lake is Lhagba Pool in Tibet at 6,368 m. It is also the second largest lake in South America. The highest navigable lake is lake Titicaca, at 3821 m above sea level.

The world's oldest lake is Lake Baikal, followed by Lake Tanganyika (Tanzania). The deepest lake is Lake Baikal in Siberia, with a bottom at 1,637m (5,371 ft.) and is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume. All these are part of the Great Lakes of North America. km, sometimes designated Lake Michigan-Huron.

However, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan form a single hydrological system with surface area 117,350 sq. km. The largest freshwater lake, and second largest lake altogether, is Lake Superior with a surface area of 82,414 sq. km., it has a surface area greater than the next six largest lakes combined.

With a surface area of 394,299 sq. The largest lake in the world by surface area is the Caspian Sea.