Jaws (film)

Jaws was also then re-released on DVD, this time including the full two-hour documentary produced by Laurent Bouzereau for the LaserDisc, and which had appeared as a one-hour version on the original 2000 DVD release. The decision had to be reversed after protests by gay, lesbian and feminist groups. In June 2005, on the 30th anniversary of the film's release, a festival, JawsFest, was held in Martha's Vineyard. This was followed by negative coverage of kathoey in the Thai press; the Rajabhat Institutes (teacher training colleges) then closed their doors to all kathoey. These myths included:. In 1996, a kathoey education student murdered a young woman. On July 17, 2005, a two-hour episode of MythBusters was aired, where the Mythbusters tested myths based on the Jaws film. [1].

The film has even been turned into a musical, titled "Giant Killer Shark: The Musical", which will premier in the summer of 2006 at the Toronto Fringe Festival. The term "kathoey" is occasionally also used for effeminate male homosexuals who don't cross-dress, and "kathoey-saloey" is a pejorative slang term for these people, roughly equivalent to the English "faggot" (as used in US English). In Back to the Future Part II (executively produced by Steven Spielberg), a movie theater sports an animated holographic shark over a marquee that reads "Jaws 19" and "This time it's really really personal" and "Directed by Max Spielberg.". Further, kathoey often belong to lower social classes, and their suicide rate is significantly higher than that of the general population. Other references are to be found in Airplane! (1980), Clerks. (1994), Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997), and Caddyshack (1980). Kathoeys are also estimated to have been one of the groups that suffered most from the Indian Ocean earthquake, having far less familial support and recourse to government help than most other groups in society. Jaws has been spoofed and referred to in other movies, most notably in the opening sequence of "1941", directed by Spielberg himself. (Compare Legal aspects of transsexualism).

The twist is that the player controls the shark, and must defend their underwater habitat from polluting humans. Legal recognition of kathoey is non-existent in Thailand: even after genital reassignment surgery, they are not allowed to change their legal sex. A video game based around the premise of a great white shark attacking human beings, called Jaws: Unleashed, is due to be released on May 1, 2006. Families (and especially fathers) are typically disappointed if a son becomes a kathoey. The original movie has a presitigiously rare 100% rating (no bad reviews found) at Rotten Tomatoes, a website that accumulates numerous reviews for movies, while Jaws: The Revenge has a decidedly unprestigious 0% rating (no good reviews found). The lives of kathoey are not as easy as many Westerners might believe. Jaws was followed by three sequels, generally regarded as increasingly poor in quality as compared to the original: Jaws 2 (1978), Jaws 3-D (1983) and Jaws: The Revenge (1987). However, kathoey generally seek male sexual partners who identify themselves as heterosexual and not as gay.

Conservation groups have bemoaned the fact that the movie has made it considerably harder to convince the public that sharks (who, as macro-predators, constitute an important part of the ocean's ecosystem) should be protected. A possible explanation for the high number of kathoey is the fact that open male homosexuality is a much more recent and less visible phenomenon in Thailand; becoming a kathoey might thus be a solution for a number of male homosexuals. Benchley has said that he never would have written the original novel had he known what sharks are really like in the wild.[1] He has since written Shark Trouble, a non-fiction book about shark behavior. Some believe that this higher acceptance is due to the nature of the surrounding Buddhist culture, which places a high value on tolerance. Though a horror classic (voted to have the scariest scenes ever by a Bravo Halloween TV special), the film is widely recognized to be responsible for many fearsome and inaccurate stereotypes about sharks and their behavior. The phenomenon is not restricted to urban areas; there are kathoey in most villages, and kathoey beauty contests are commonly held as part of local fairs. The runaway success of these films led to increased genre-film production by studios. Compared to Western countries, where transgender and transsexuals are just beginning to become visible (and demand their rights), kathoey are much more visible and more widely accepted in Thai culture: several popular Thai models, singers and movie stars are kathoey, and Thai newspapers often print photos of the winners of female and kathoey beauty contests side by side.

Along with The Exorcist and Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, it is an example of a high-budget movie in what had previously been considered a disreputable or low-budget genre (in this case, suspense/horror). Kathoey working in regular occupations are not uncommon; some of them are valued beauticians or hair stylists. Jaws is also often cited as indicating a shift in the type of movies made by Hollywood studios. There are also persistent reports of groups of kathoey working as pickpockets in tourist areas. The wide national release pattern would become standard practice for high-profile movies in the late 1970s and after. Many kathoey work in entertainment and tourist centers, as dancers, in cabaret shows (Alcazar and Tiffanys in Pattaya being among the best known ones) or as prostitutes. Jaws was a key film in establishing the benefits of a wide national release backed by heavy media advertising, rather than a progressive release that let a film slowly enter new markets and build support over a period of time. Their makeup, dress and figure is usually very feminine.

This feat was not matched until Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, which debuted two years later, in 1977. They often start to cross-dress, take female hormones and undergo various surgical procedures at quite a young age. Upon its release, the film beat the then-$85 million gross of the reigning box-office champion, The Godfather, becoming the first movie to reach more than $100 million in box-office receipts, eventually the film would go on to gross over $470 Million worldwide and become the highest grossing box-office hit for many years, securing Steven Spielberg's spot in cinema history. Virtually all kathoey cross-dress and undergo hormone replacement therapy; most have breast implants; some also undergo genital reassignment surgery to transform their genitals, surgery to reduce the size of the Adam's apple, and other surgical procedures. Footage of real sharks was shot by Ron and Valerie Taylor in waters off South Australia, although only a handful of these shots were used in the finished film. They are sometimes referred to as ladyboys or as the third sex in Thailand. Many locals from Martha's Vinyard played uncredited speaking roles in the film. A kathoey or katoey (in Thai กะเทย) is a male-to-female transgender person in Thailand.

Spielberg enjoyed the audience's reaction switching from laughter to screams in a split-second. For the Alan Partridge drink combination, see Ladyboy (Drinks). One of his favorite scenes was a tight shot of Brody tossing chum over the stern, has back to the water, commenting on "shoveling this shit", immediately after which the open-mouthed shark breaks the surface. Describes the story of Nong Tum. At the time of the film's release, it was reported that Spielberg liked to drop into theaters and sit in the back, watching the audience's reaction. Chanon Intramart and Eric Allyn: Beautiful Boxer, 2003. Their thought was that there was nothing wrong with the film the way it was, and that it should be left alone. Description of the gay and kathoey scene of Thailand.

Spielberg mentions in the special features of the DVD release that after he saw everyone's reaction, he got so greedy for "one more scream" that he financed this addition with $3000 of his own money after he was denied funding from Universal Studios. Allyn: Trees in the Same Forest, 2002. The scene where Hooper discovers Ben Gardner's body in the hull of the wrecked boat was added after an initial screening of the film. E.G. Another influence is Ed Plumb's score for Walt Disney's Bambi, which used a low, repeating musical motif to suggest approaching danger from the off-screen threat of Man. Thailand's "Women of the Second Kind". Spielberg was later quoted as saying that without Williams' score, the movie would have been only half as successful. An insight into ladyboys, by Christos.

When the piece was first played for the Spielberg, he was noted to have laughed at John Williams, thinking that it was a joke. Transgender Asia including several articles on kathoey. 9 - a possible influence. Reports on a kathoey "sorority" at Chiang Mai University. The main theme became a classic piece of suspense music, synonymous with approaching danger, and has echoes of the start of the fourth movement of Dvořák's Symphony No. Andrew Matzner: Roses of the North: The Katoey of Chiang Mai University, 1999. John Williams contributed the acclaimed film score. Criticizes the common view that kathoey are fully accepted by Thai society.

The film was given the nickname "Flaws" by many of the dispassionate crew members. Andrew Matzner: In Legal Limbo: Thailand, Transgendered Men, and the Law, 1999. This enforced restraint is widely thought to have increased the suspense of many scenes, giving it a Hitchcockian tone. For example, for much of the shark hunt its location is represented by floating yellow barrels that have been tied to it during the hunt. The script was refined during production, and the unreliable mechanical sharks forced Spielberg to shoot many of the scenes with the shark only hinted at.

To some degree, the delays in the production proved serendipitous. Spielberg referred to the mechanical shark as "the turd" on a British program about famous horror scenes and confessed that they had even less flattering names for it throughout filming. The three mechanical sharks were collectively nicknamed "Bruce" by the production team after Spielberg's lawyer, a piece of trivia that has been cited in a number of shark-related stories (such as the appearance of the shark in 2003's Finding Nemo). The logistical problems of shooting at sea led to many delays, and the mechanical shark frequently malfunctioned, due to the hydraulics of the innards being brutalized by salt water.

The film had a troubled shoot and went considerably over budget. Location shooting occurred at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Nevertheless, Spielberg liked it so much, that the line appears two more times during the movie (in rendered versions). imdb.com).

Contrary to other opinions, Roy Scheider did not ad-libb Chief Brody's famous line: "You're gonna need a bigger boat" (cf. Gottlieb gives primary credit to Shaw, downplaying Milius' contribution. Spielberg tactfully describes it as a collaboration between John Milius, Howard Sackler and Robert Shaw. The authorship of Quint's monologue about the fate of the cruiser USS Indianapolis has caused substantial controversy, with dispute as to who deserves the most credit for the speech.

Spielberg has claimed that he prepared his own draft, although it is unclear if any of the other screenwriters drew on his material. Gottlieb rewrote many scenes during principal photography, and John Milius contributed some dialogue polishes. Carl Gottlieb (who also appears in a supporting acting role in the film as a reporter) was brought in to add humour and more depth to the characters. Peter Benchley wrote the first draft of the screenplay, with a subsequent draft prepared by Howard Sackler.

Despite his lack of feature film experience, Spielberg had proved adept at suspense material with the 1971 telemovie Duel, among other blockbuster smashes such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which was released in 1977. They signed Spielberg to direct in the same year, prior to release of his first theatrical film, The Sugarland Express (also a Zanuck / Brown production). His novel was loosely based on a real-life event in the summer of 1916 when a series of shark attacks killed four people along the New Jersey coast and triggered a media frenzy. The film was produced by Richard Zanuck and David Brown, who had purchased the film rights to Peter Benchley's novel in 1973.

The two survivors swim for the shore using floatation barrels for a raft as sea gulls begin consuming the shark’s remains. With the boat submerging, Hooper bobs to the surface alive. On the shark's next attack, Brody fires repeatedly, at last managing to hit the air cylinder, blowing the shark's head to pieces, thereby destroying the monster by means of its own rapacious hunger. Brody takes Quint's rifle and climbs the mast of the sinking boat, where he temporarily fends it off with a harpoon.

Brody flees to the boat's cabin, now partly submerged, and throws a pressurized air tank into the shark's mouth. As he is thrashed about from side to side, Quint grabs a machete and attempts fend it off, but nevertheless dies the horrible death he has feared for so long. Quint slides into its mouth, kicking and screaming. As Quint and Brody raise the empty cage, the shark throws itself onto the boat, crushing the stern.

The monster shark destroys the cage, and Hooper flees to the seabed. He intends to stab the shark inside the mouth with a hypodermic needle filled with a powerful poison. In a desperate new approach, Hooper enters the water with an scuba gear inside a shark proof cage. The strange, unpredictable movement and appearances of the barrels give the shark a menacing presence.

But the huge shark pulls the barrels under nevertheless. The shark attacks again and, in a protracted battle that further damages the boat, is harpooned twice more with lines attached to yellow flotation barrels to mark its movements and drain its strength. In the morning, the men make repairs to the boat, and Quint destroys the radio to keep Brody from calling the Coast guard for help. Quint fires at it in vain with his M1 Garand rifle, but it disappears again.

While they sing a drinking song, the shark suddenly attacks and damages the boat. Quint tells of his terrifying experience with sharks as a survivor of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. When night falls without another sighting, the men retire below for dinner and drinking, where they compare scars. After the men harpoon it with a line attached to a yellow floatation barrel, the shark swims away and disappears.

In one of the film's most enduring lines, the stunned Brody tells Quint, "You're gonna need a bigger boat." Hooper and Quint estimate the shark to be 20-25 feet long. He realizes the fish is massive, with a size that is at least half of the Orca. This builds up to one of the film's biggest moments when Brody, while tossing chum into the sea to lure the shark is shocked and horrified when it surfaces right in front of him. Up till now, only parts of the shark have been seen, the monster being more like a presence.

Brody, Hooper, and Quint set out in Quint's boat, the Orca, to face and destroy the maneater. The stunned mayor relents, closes the beaches, and agrees to pay Quint's price. On the Fourth of July, after a false alarm triggered by a prank shakes everyone up, the shark attacks in the "pond," an estuary where Brody told his son to stay; another victim is killed and Brody's son is nearly attacked. Brody and Hooper venture out at night and, when Hooper puts on scuba gear to check the hull of a wrecked local boat, discover more victims.

Brody wants the beaches closed, but Mayor Vaughn still refuses. A large Tiger Shark is caught by amateur fisherman, and for a moment everyone is pleased that the terror is over, but then Hooper asks to cut open the fish "to be sure" and concludes that they are looking for a much larger fish. His angry retort to the coroner, "This is not a boat accident," is one of the movie's most memorable lines, though often misquoted as "This was no boating accident!". After scraping his fingernails on a chalkboard to get the attention of the town hall meeting, Quint says of the bounty, "I'll find 'im for three, but I'll catch 'im—and kill 'im—for ten." When Hooper examines the remains of the first victim, he becomes convinced that a Great White Shark was responsible, a voracious predator known to be dangerous to humans.

The bounty starts an amateur shark hunting frenzy, but also attracts marine biologist Matt Hooper (Dreyfuss) and professional shark hunter Quint (Shaw). A few days later, a boy is killed by the shark while swimming on a crowded beach, and his mother places a $3,000 bounty on the animal. He tells Brody to say the girl was killed by a boat propeller. Chief Brody orders the beaches closed, but the mayor ignores his warnings and orders the beaches kept open: Amity is dependent on summer tourism, and the Fourth of July celebration is near.

The next morning, Martin Brody (Scheider), the Amity Island Chief of Police, finds some of her remains and concludes that she was killed in a shark attack. Suddenly, she begins to get jerked around and is pulled under. The film opens with a young girl swimming just off Amity Island, a summer resort akin to Martha's Vineyard. .

The film was directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Roy Scheider, Robert Shaw, Richard Dreyfuss and Lorraine Gary. In the story, a resort town's police chief tries to protect beachgoers from the predations of a huge great white shark by closing the beach, only to be overruled by the money-grubbing town council. Jaws (1975) is an American film, based on a best-selling novel by Peter Benchley which itself was based loosely on the true story of the Jersey Shore Shark Attacks of 1916. ISBN 0600552268.

Middlesex: Hamlyn/Bison Books. (1987) The Films of Steven Spielberg. Sinyard, N. New York, NY: Dell Publishing.

(1975) The Jaws Log. Gottlieb, C. ISBN 0806519517. (Revised ed.) New York, NY: Kensington.

(2000) The Films of Steven Spielberg. Brode, D. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. (1975) On Location...On Martha's Vineyard: The Making of the Movie Jaws.

Blake, E. Doubleday. Benchley, Peter (1973) "Jaws". When the shark is blown-up, it is not after a charge attack, but popping up out of the water below the crow's nest of the sinking vessel.

'Moby Dick' could not be licensed from Gregory Peck (the rights owner). His laughter throughout makes people get up and leave the theater (this is thought to be an influence on Wesley Strick's Cape Fear). Quint is introduced to the film by watching the film version of Moby Dick. A scene where the harbormaster is killed by the shark while cleaning out his coffeepot in the ocean.

For the film, something with more visual impact was deemed necessary. In the novel, the shark dies as a result of injuries from the harpoons embedded into it and so forth. In the film, the shark is 25 feet in length, slightly above average for the Great White, in the novel, Hooper claims the shark is "boardering on Megalodon size.". Quint used a dead baby dolphin as bait.

In the novel, Quint mentions that he had been working in the business for thirty years, or since 1944; the USS Indianapolis wasn't sunk until 1945. Quint's monologue about the USS Indianapolis is absent from the novel. Quint dies from drowning after he gets his foot caught on his harpoon rope and being dragged under by the shark. The events in the final reel of the film (boating, drinking, and singing with Quint), take place in a series of boat trips in the novel.

In the novel, the mayor has Mafia ties and wants the beaches kept open for the reason. Robert Shaw's Quint was considerably shorter, and with plenty of head and facial hair. Portrays Quint as being bald, cleanshaven and 6'4" in height. They are portrayed as having been acquainted with each other during their youth.

The novel also describes a short sexual encounter between Hooper and Brody's wife. In the novel, Hooper is killed by the shark during the dive to examine it, with the intention to kill it with a shot of Strichnine Nitrate. (Busted, as the barrels will not stay under for long.). A great white shark can pull floatation barrels underwater and keep them there.

(Confirmed). A great white shark can damage/destroy a shark cage by ramming it. (Busted, but the boat's engine was starting to lose power, so the myth is possibly plausible.). A great white shark can pull a boat backwards with great enough speed that waves break over the rear end.

(Plausible). A great white shark can rip a hole in a boat. (Plausible). A shark can be fended off by punching it in various parts of its body.

(Busted, as a punctured air cylinder will rocket around as the air exits but will not explode.). Shooting a pressurized SCUBA tank will blow it up.