Harley-Davidson

Famous owners of Harley Davidsons include professional wrestling legend The Undertaker, comedian Jay Leno and singer Elvis Presley. Here are some common software programs used for computer illustration:. Today, more than 800,000 members make HOG the largest factory-sponsored motorcycle organization in the world, and it shows no signs of slowing down. See, for example, the computer illustrations of Peter Welleman. By 1999, worldwide membership had hit the half-million mark, and the number of local chapters totaled 1,157. Digital art is fast becoming one of the most popular means of illustration. As the '90s continued, HOG spread into Asia, including new chapters in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Drawing may also be done on a computer.

Worldwide membership numbered 151,600, with 685 local chapters. Great drawings in the 1900's have been created by Max Beckmann, Willem De Kooning, Jean Dubuffet, Arshile Gorky, Paul Klee, Oscar Kokoschka, Jules Pascin, Pablo Picasso, and Jackson Pollock. Rapid growth continued into the 1990s, and in 1991 HOG officially went international, with the first official European HOG Rally in Cheltenham, England. The masters of drawing during the 1800's included Paul Cézanne, Jacques Louis David, Edgar Degas, Theodore Gericault, Jean Ingres, Odilon Redon, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Vincent Van Gogh. By 1985, 49 local chapters had sprouted around the country, with a total membership of 60,000. In the 1700's, great drawings were produced by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, and Antoine Watteau. Harley-Davidson established the Harley Owners Group (HOG)[1] in 1983 in response to a growing desire by Harley riders for an organized way to share their passion and show their pride. During the 1600's, Claude, Nicolas Poussin, Rembrandt, and Peter Paul Rubens created important drawings.

Harley riders also frequent certain regularly-held events:. Masters of drawing in the 1400's and 1500's included Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo, and Raphael. On Labor Day weekend the city of Milwaukee hosted the largest Harley-Davidson event, if not the largest motorcycle event, in history. Since that time, each century has produced artists who have created great drawings. In 2003, Harley-Davidson Company celebrated its 100th birthday. This art form first gained widespread popularity among European artists during the 1400's, when paper became generally available. Ford will again produced a Harley-Davidson Edition F-150 for their 2006 model-year, as well. People have made drawings since prehistoric times.

In 2004, the Ford / Harley was changed to a Super-Duty, which continues through 2006. However a well-crafted study can be a piece of art onto itself, and many hours of careful work can go into completing a study. In 2000, Ford changed the truck to a crew cab and in 2002 added a super-charged engine (5.4L) which continued until 2003. Studies can be used to determine the appearance of specific parts of the completed image, or for experimenting with the best approach for accomplishing the end goal. This truck was an extended-cab for model year 1999. A study is a draft drawing that is made in preparation for a planned final image. In 1999, Ford Motor Company added a Harley-Davidson edition to the Ford F-Series F-150 line, complete with the Harley-Davidson logo. Objects placed in the background of the figure should appear properly placed wherever they can be viewed.

Harley maintains dominance in sales to date. The exterior is termed the negative space, and can be as important in the representation as the figure. The company vehemently denies this and claims it is coincidence. When drawing an object or figure, the skilled artist pays attention to both the area within the silhouette and what lies outside. There was a controversy that the Fat Boy model was allegedly inspired by the name of the bombs (Fat Man and Little Boy) that were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. In contrast, a single light source, such as harsh daylight, can serve to highlight any texture or interesting features. By 1990, with the introduction of the "Fat Boy", Harley once again became the sales leader in the heavyweight (over 750cc) market. Multiple light sources can wash out any wrinkles in a person's face, for instance, and give a more youthful appearance.

Quality increased, and technical improvements were made, but these goals were never achieved at the cost of substantially modifying the design of the machine except by gradual degrees. The placement of the light sources can make a considerable difference in the type of message that is being presented. Rather than trying to match the Japanese at their own game, this new management deliberately exploited the "retro" appeal of the machines, building motorcycles that deliberately adopt the look and feel of their earlier machines and the subsequent customizations of owners of that era. The illumination of the subject is also a key element in creating an artistic piece, and the interplay of light and shadow is a valuable method in the artist's toolbox. The motor company increased sales and gradually captured an ever increasing zealous following of loyal customers. The composition can determine the focus of the art, and result in a harmonious whole that is aesthetically appealing and stimulating. As a result, quality and buyers slowly returned. The artist plans the placement of elements in the art in order to communicate ideas and feelings with the viewer.

Inventory was strictly controlled using the Just In Time system. The composition of the image is an important element in producing an interesting work of artistic merit. They introduced the "Sturgis" model boasting a dual belt-drive. This will reproduce the effect of atmospheric haze, and cause the eye to focus primarily on objects drawn in the foreground. Davidson. Depth can also be portrayed by reducing the amount of contrast of more distant objects, and also by making the colors more pale. In 1981, AMF sold the company back to a group of thirteen investors led by Vaughn Beals and Willie G. As the texture of an object gets further away it becomes more compressed and busy, taking on an entirely different character than if it was close.

The venerable name of "Harley-Davidson" was mocked as "Hardly Ableson", and the nickname "Hog" became pejorative. Depth can be portrayed through the use of texture. Sales declined, quality plummeted, and the company almost went bankrupt. Thus the back wheel of a cart will appear slightly smaller than the front wheel. The bikes were expensive and far inferior in performance, handling, and quality to Japanese motorcycles. Objects of similar size should appear ever smaller the further they are from the viewer. The company also ceased to be an innovator in the motorcycle industry, with a design that remained basically unchanged for many years. Depth can also be portrayed by several techniques in addition to the perspective approach above.

This tactic resulted in a labor strike and an even lower quality of bikes. Convering the vertical lines to a point in the sky then produces a "three-point perspective". In 1969, American Machinery and Foundry (AMF) bought the company, streamlined production, and slashed the workforce. When both the fronts and sides of a building are drawn, then the parallel lines forming a side converge at a second point along the horizon (which may be off the drawing paper.) This is a "two-point perspective". One of only two American cycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression, Harley-Davidson again produced large numbers of motorcycles for the army in World War II and resumed civilian production afterwards, producing a range of large V-twin motorcycles that were successful both on racetracks and for private buyers. When multiple structures are aligned with each other, such as buildings along a street, the horizontal tops and bottoms of the structures will all typically convert at a vanishing point. A front brake was added in 1928. Typically this point of convergence will be along the horizon, as buildings are built level with the flat surface.

During the 1920s, several improvements were put in place, such as a new 74 cubic inch (1.2 L) V-Twin, introduced in 1922, and the gas tank we still see today, called a "Teardrop" tank, in 1925. The parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, will follow lines that eventually converge at infinity. A Harley-Davidson machine was the very first to win a race at an average speed of over 100 mph (160 km/h). Linear perspective is a method of portraying objects on a flat surface so that the dimensions shrink with distance. In 1921, a milestone was reached in motorcycle racing. The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait. Production was 28,189 machines. This allows the artist to render more natural poses that do not appear artificially stiff.

Their motorcycles were sold by dealers in 67 countries. A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement. By 1920, Harley-Davidson was the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. A more refined art of figure drawing relies upon the artist possessing a deep understanding of anatomy and the human proportions. Harley-Davidson provided over 20,000 machines to the military forces during World War I. The lines of the primitive shapes are removed and replaced by the final likeness. The company had consolidated its position as the motorcycle of choice for police forces. Once these basic shapes have been assembled into a likeness, then the drawing can be refined into a more accurate and polished form.

Harleys had already been used by the military in border skirmishes with Pancho Villa, but World War I was the first time the motorcycle had been broadly adopted for combat service. Almost any form can be represented by some combination of the cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. The military demanded motorcycles for the war effort. When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive shapes. In 1917, the United States was drawn into World War I. The image on the paper is then scaled in reference to this frame. Although the future looked rosy, on the horizon lay the gathering storm clouds of world war. A similar approach when using an easel is to mount a small, heavy paper frame through which the artist can view the scene.

Production that year swelled to 16,284 machines. A scaled version of these lines is drawn lightly on the paper, and the outlines of the significant features are copied onto the drawing. Despite the competition, Harley-Davidson was already pulling ahead of Indian and the rest of the pack and would also dominate motorcycle racing after 1914. The image is subdivided into equally spaced horizontal and vertical lines. Begun in 1910, the red brick factory with its many additions would take up two blocks along Juneau Avenue and around the corner on 38th Street. A grid can be used to produce a more accurate portrayal of a photograph. By 1913 the yellow brick factory had been demolished and on the site a new 5-story structure of reinforced concrete and red brick had been built. A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image.

After 1913 the majority of bikes produced by Harley-Davidson would be V-Twin models. Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other. Displacing 49.48 cubic inches (810cc), the 1911 V-Twin was actually smaller than earlier twins, but gave better performance. These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate. (Earlier V-Twins had used "automatic" intake valves that opened by engine vacuum). A straight drawing implement held horizontally or vertically can be used to measure the angles of different sides. In 1911 an improved V-Twin model with mechanically operated intake valves was introduced. Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the actual subject.

By 1911 some 150 makes of motorcycles had already been built in the United States -- although just a handful would survive the 1910s. Instead the shape of the structure is portrayed almost entirely through tones and shading, including contrast with the background. The success of Harley-Davidson (along with Indian's success) had attracted great attention and many imitators. Otherwise the image may resemble a paint-by-numbers figure from a coloring book. Production paced factory expansion, jumping from 450 motorcycles in 1908 to 1,149 machines in 1909. In most drawing mediums, but especially in ink, realistic renditions of an object or structure avoid outlinining the form and features. Not bad in those days of primitive mud-rut and sand roads. A light edge next to a dark background will stand out to the eye, and almost appear to float above the surface.

Top speed was about 60 mph (97 km/h). A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones in close proximity. This gave about double the hill-climbing power of the first singles. Thus a coarse texture placed next to a smoothly blended area will appear more notable. These first V-Twins displaced 53.68 cubic inches (880cc) and produced about 7 horsepower (5 kW). Texture can be made to appear more realistic when it is draw next to a contrasting texture. Although shown and advertised, very few dual cylinder V-Twin models were built between 1907 and 1910. In addition to choosing a suitable paper, the type of drawing material and the drawing technique will result in different textures.

But as early as February of 1907 a prototype model with a 45-degree V-Twin engine was displayed at the Chicago Automobile Show. There are a number of methods for producing texture in the picture. Production in 1905 and 1906 were all single-cylinder models with 26.84 cubic inch (440cc) engines. The chamois cloth in particular is useful for creating smooth textures, and for removing material to lighten the tone. They also began selling their motorcycles to police departments around this time, a tradition that continues today. When shading and blending is needed, the artist can employ a combination of a tortillon blending stump, chamois or soft tissue, and a specialized putty-rubber eraser. That September a milestone was reached when the fledgling company was officially incorporated. This can only be done when drawing with a material such as graphite or charcoal that is not permanently attached once applied.

With the new facilities production increased to 150 motorcycles in 1907. Blending uses an implement to move the drawing material on the paper so as to hide the original drawing strokes. That year additional factory expansion came with a second floor and later with facings and additions of Milwaukee pale yellow ("cream") brick. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows, and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image. Harley graduated from the University of Wisconsin at Madison with a degree in mechanical engineering. Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. In 1907 William S. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can negatively affect the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well-ventilated area such as outdoors.

That year around 50 motorcycles were produced. This will hold loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevent it from smearing. The first Juneau Avenue plant was a modest 40 by 60 foot single-story wooden structure. Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray-on fixative to the surface. This location remains the Motor Company's corporate headquarters today. This will protect the surface from receiving any stray marks before it is ready to be filled in. In 1906 Harley and the Davidsons built their first factory on Chestnut Street (later Juneau Avenue). The shape of the area to be preserved is cut out of the frisket, and the resulting shape is then applied to the drawing surface.

Unfortunately, the first shed was "accidentally" destroyed by contractors in the early 1970s during a clean-up of the factory yard.). A frisket can be used for this purpose. (Some years later the original shed was taken to the Juneau Avenue factory where it would stand for many decades as a tribute to the Motor Company's humble origins. Sometimes the artist will want to leave a section of the image blank while filling in the remainder of the picture. In 1905 no more than a dozen machines were built in the backyard shed. A right-handed artist will want to draw from left to right in order to avoid smearing the image. By April, complete motorcycles were in production on a very limited basis. Typically a drawing will be filled in based on which hand the artist favors.

In January 1905, small advertisements were placed in the "Automobile and Cycle Trade Journal" that offered bare Harley-Davidson engines to the do-it-yourself trade. When drawing hair, the lines of the sketch follow the direction of the hair growth. The machine was functional by 8 September 1904 when it was entered in a Milwaukee motorcycle race, the first known appearance of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle. For best results the lines in a sketch are typically drawn to follow the contour curves of the surface, thus producing a depth effect. The prototype of the new improved loop-frame model was assembled in a 10 by 15 foot (3 by 5 meter) shed in the Davidson family backyard. Sketch drawings use similar techniques, although with pencils and drawing sticks continuous variations in tone can be achieved. Davidson also lent a hand in the enterprise. Finally stippling, or random placement of dots on a page, can also be used to produce a texture or shade.

Elder brother William A. Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent breaks, is used to form lighter tones, and by controlling the density of the breaks a graduation of tone can be achieved. They also got help with their new engine from outboard motor pioneer Ole Evinrude. Cross-hatching uses hatching in two or more different directions to create a darker tone. The machine's advanced loop-frame was similar to the 1903 Milwaukee Merkel motorcycle. Ink drawings typically use hatching, which consists of groups of parallel lines. This first "real" Harley-Davidson motorcycle would have a bigger engine of 24.74 cubic inches (405cc) with 9-3/4 inch flywheels weighing 28 pounds. The stroke of the drawing implement can be used to control the appearance of the image.

Starting fresh, work was immediately begun on a new and much improved machine. The different drawing implements can be tried on practice sheets to see what type of pattern they create, and how to apply the implement in order to produce varying tones. Will Harley and the Davidsons quickly wrote off their first motor-bicycle as a valuable learning experiment. Prior to working on an image, the artist will likely want to gain an understanding of how the various media will work. Upon completion the boys found their little "power-cycle" unable to conquer Milwaukee's modest hills without pedal assistance. The use of an easel or slanted table reduces the distorting effects of perspective. It was finished in 1903 with the help of Arthur's brother, Walter Davidson. Other tools that sometimes prove useful are tracing paper, a circle compass, ruler, frisket film, fixative, and drafting tape.

Over the next two years Harley and his boyhood pal Arthur Davidson labored on their little motor-bicycle using the northside machine shop of their friend Henry Melk. These include a pencil sharpener, sandpaper, kneaded eraser, blending stubs, and chamois. The engine was designed for use in a regular pedal-bicycle frame. Various tools are routinely used in the process of drawing. Harley, age 21, drew up plans for a small engine that displaced 7.07 cubic inches (116cc) and had four-inch flywheels. Tracing vellum is often used for experimenting on top of a pencil drawing, prior to committing a technique to the final page. The company considers 1903 to be its year of founding, though the Harley-Davidson enterprise could be considered to have started in 1901 when William S. Coldpressed watercolor paper is sometimes favored for ink drawing due to its texture.

Note that these conventions for model designations are broken regularly by the company. Bristol board makes a hard surface that is especially good for ink or fine detailed graphite drawing. Custom Vehicle Operations models can also have a number (2,3,4) added. For pen and ink work, typing paper is often used for practice drawings, but heavier paper holds up better. Letters are appended singly or in pairs, as follows:. Thus a more coarse material is useful for producing deeper contrast. The first letter is one of the following:. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more "toothy" paper will hold the drawing material better.

The sequences can be long, as in the 2006 model designation FLHTCUSE. Papers can vary in texture, hue, acidity, and strength when wet. Harley model designations are a sequence of letters and numbers, combined in limited ways. Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade for practice up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sometimes sold as individual sheets. After six years, Harley-Davidson withdrew their trademark application. Very rarely, artists have drawn with (usually decoded) invisible ink. These objections were followed by litigation. Watercolor pencils can be used dry like ordinary pencil, then moistened with a wet brush to get various painterly effects.

Nine of Harley-Davidson's competitors filed comments opposing the application, arguing that cruiser-style motorcycles of various brands use a single-crankpin V-twin engine which produce a similar sound. graphite, charcoal, pastel, Conté, silverpoint), or water-based (marker, pen and ink). On 1 February 1994, the company filed a trademark application for the distinctive sound of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle engine: "The mark consists of the exhaust sound of applicant's motorcycles, produced by V-twin, common crankpin motorcycle engines when the goods are in use". Most drawing media are either dry (e.g. This design, which is covered under several United States patents, gives the Harley-Davidson V-twin its unique "potato-potato" sound. The medium is the means by which ink, pigment, or color are delivered onto the drawing surface. On the V-twin, the sequence is as follows:. automatic drawing, entoptic graphomania).

This design causes the pistons to fire at uneven intervals. cartoons, caricatures), or abstract (e.g. The crankshaft has a single pin, and both pistons are connected to this pin through their connecting rods. sketches), highly stylized (e.g. The classic Harley-Davidson engines are two-cylinder, V-twin engines with the pistons placed at a 45 degree angle. traditional portraits), looser approximations of reality (e.g. . They may be realistic to the point of lifelike resemblence (e.g.

Since 1998 Harley-Davidson has also owned Buell Motorcycle Company. All drawings are representational, depicting objects or scenes which the artist views, remembers, or imagines. It also licenses its logo, which is a profitable side business ($41 million of revenue in 2004, or almost 5% of net income). In digital media, "drawing" often refers to the use of vector-based graphics programs, as distinguished from bitmap-based "painting" software, but this distinction is not universal. Harleys are especially noted for the tradition of heavy customization that gave rise to the chopper-style of motorcycle. These distinctions are somewhat arbitrary and subject to change; some artists refer to fully-rendered pastel and colored-pencil compositions as "paintings", and in nineteenth century usage "drawing" also encompassed the use of watercolors. The company supplies many domestic police forces with their motorcycle fleets. One standard for differentiating drawing from painting is that it does not permit the artist to mix colors before applying them; colors can only be blended on the drawing surface, usually by overlaying one upon the other or by putting them close enough together that the eye "mixes" them.

This is attributed to an American pedigree that favors designs for long, low-speed cruising on flat, straight roads. Etching is similar to drawing but differs in that the tool digs into the surface, which is then used to make prints on a separate surface. Detractors contend that Harleys are badly engineered, under-powered and under-performing, and have poor handling and suspension. Drawing is generally considered distinct from painting, in which colored pigments are suspended in a liquid medium and usually applied with a brush. A well maintained vehicle might never drop in value at all, although regular maintenance is expected. . Harley-Davidson motorcycles (popularly referred to as "Harleys") are distinctive in design and attract a loyal following, and hold their resale value very well compared to other vehicles. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.

The company emphasizes heavy bikes designed for cruising and known for their distinctive exhaust noise. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. The Harley-Davidson Motor Company NYSE: HDI is a manufacturer of motorcycles based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, making it one of the two remaining American mass-producer of motorcycles (along with Victory Motorcycles). Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. to raise awareness of veteran issues (specifically POW/MIA soldiers). Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Rolling Thunder - An annual rally in Washington, D.C. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface.

Myrtle Beach Bike Week - A spring and fall rally in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Click on link here. Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. Republic of Texas Biker Rally - A popular event in Austin, Texas held every June. The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 5, 1988, ISBN 0-7166-0089-7. Daytona Beach Bike Week - Held since 1937 in Daytona Beach, Florida. World Book, Inc. Located in Laconia, New Hampshire. Frank Lohan, Pen & Ink Techniques, Contemporary Books, 1978, ISBN 0-8092-7438-8.

Laconia Motorcycle Week - Held since the first Loudon classic race started 1923. Hillberry, Drawing Realistic Textures in Pencil, North Light Books, 1999, ISBN 0-89134-868-9. Sturgis Motorcycle Rally - Held at the beginning of August each year in Sturgis, South Dakota, 514,951 attended in 2004. D. The Destroyer is a turn-key motorcycle tuned to make sub 10-second quarter-mile runs in the hands of a pro-level rider. J. engine, air shifter and wheelie bar, among other features. Leonardo da Vinci.

The Screamin’ Eagle V-Rod Destroyer is a 165+hp, professional-level drag-racing motorcycle designed exclusively for competition by Harley-Davidson Custom Vehicle Operations; it comes stock with larger 79 cu.in. Eugeen Van Mieghem. There is also a non-street fifth variant: the VRXSE SE Destroyer. Rembrandt. At first it was used in a single model called the V-Rod; it now comes in four consumer models: The V-Rod, the "roadster-styled" Street Rod, the long and low Night Rod, and the VRSCSE² Screamin’ Eagle V-Rod. Andrew Loomis. Revolution, 2002-present, 69 cubic inches (1.1 L), used in VRSC (V-Twin Racing Street Custom) models. Albrecht Dürer.

Evolution, 1986-present, 883, 1100 and 1200 cc. Maurits Cornelis Escher. Ironhead, 1957-1985, 900 and 1000 cc. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Revolution, 2002-present, 69 cubic inches (1.13 L), 60 degree V-twin (all of the above are 45 degrees), Liquid cooled (all of the above are air cooled). Open Canvas. Twin Cam 88B (counter balanced version of the Twin Cam 88) 2000-present, 88 cubic inches (1.4 L). The GIMP.

Twin Cam 88 (aka "Fathead") 1999-present, 88 cubic inches (1.4 L). Microsoft Paint. Evolution (aka "Evo" and "Blockhead"), 1984-99, 80 cubic inches (1.3 L). Pixia. Shovelhead, 1966-85, 74 cubic inches (1.2 L) and 80 cubic inches since late 1978. Corel Painter. Panhead, 1948-65, 61 and 74 cubic inches (1.0 and 1.2 L). Paint Shop Pro.

Knucklehead, 1936-47, 61 and 74 cubic inches (1.0 and 1.2 L). Adobe Illustrator. Flathead, 1909-1936. Adobe Photoshop. there is a 405° gap (as both cylinders go through their exhaust stroke) until the first piston fires again. the other piston fires at 315° into the stroke.

the first piston fires (this is the 0° position).