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Guinness

Arthur Guinness Son & Co., founded 1756, produces a dark stout beer (a type of porter), known widely as Guinness. It was first brewed in Leixlip. This beer has been brewed at St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin, Ireland since 1759, when Arthur Guinness signed a 9,000 year lease at IR£45 per annum for the unused brewery. Ten years later in 1769 Guinness exported their product for the first time. Six and a half barrels of Guinness Stout were shipped from Ireland to England. The word "stout" was not attached to the beer until the 1820s. It is also brewed under licence internationally; the resulting beer is, from all reports, significantly different. The Guinness brewery in Park Royal, London closed in 2005.

Composition

Guinness stout is made from four natural ingredients: water, barley, hops and yeast. The barley is roasted to give Guinness its dark colour and characteristic taste.[1] Despite the "meal in a glass" or "liquid bread" reputation the beverage has among some non-Guinness drinkers, Guinness only contains 198 calories (838 kilojoules) per imperial pint (1460 kJ/l), less than an equal-sized serving of skimmed milk or orange juice. Despite its appearance as a dark and over-powering stout beer, Guinness is actually quite tame and mellow for a stout, and can be enjoyed with most food. Many stout beer aficionados claim it is watery compared to other, more malty stout brews.

Draught Guinness and its canned namesake contain nitrogen (N2) as well as carbon dioxide (CO2). Unlike carbon dioxide, nitrogen does not dissolve in water, which allows the beer to be put under high pressure without making it fizzy. The high pressure is required to force the draught beer through fine holes in a plate in the tap, which causes the characteristic "surge" (the widget in cans and bottles achieves the same effect). The perceived smoothness of draught Guinness is due to the low acidity and the creaminess of the head caused by the surging. "Original Extra Stout" tastes quite different; it contains only CO2, making a more acidic taste.

Pouring and serving

Two "perfectly poured" Guinness beers in the Gravity Bar at the Guinness Storehouse, overlooking the city of Dublin.

Draught Guinness is considered at its best flavour when served cool, although not necessarily cold. It should be poured slowly at a 45° angle; about three quarters is poured and left to settle before the rest is added. The tap handle should be pushed forward, rather than pulled, when the beer is topped off. This creates the characteristic creamy head that lasts until the last sip. Recent advertising campaigns state that "it takes 119.6 seconds to pour the perfect pint" of Guinness. While this method of pouring (slow) is done in Ireland and the UK, many American bars seem to ignore the requisite 'slow pour'.

Some bartenders also draw a simple design in the head during the slow pour. Shamrocks and harps are quite popular designs for this.

It is a common myth that Guinness is brewed using water from the River Liffey, which flows through Dublin close to St James's Gate. It actually comes from the Wicklow Mountains, specifically, Lady's Well.

Sinking bubbles

A long time subject of bar conversations has been the observation that gas bubbles travel downwards in a pint glass of Guinness. [2] [3] [4]

The effect is attributed to drag; bubbles which touch the walls of a glass are slowed in their upwards travel. Bubbles in the centre of the glass are, however, free to rise to the surface, and form a rising column of bubbles. The rising bubbles create a current by the entrainment of the surrounding fluid. As beer rises in the center, the beer near the outside of the glass falls. This downward flow pushes the bubbles near the glass towards the bottom. [5] Although the effect occurs in any liquid, it is particularly noticeable in any dark nitrogen stout, as the drink combines dark-coloured liquid and light-coloured bubbles.

Varieties

Guinness Original/Extra Stout

Guinness is available in a number of variants and strengths, which include:

  • Guinness draught stout, sold in kegs—4.1 to 4.3% alcohol by volume (abv);
  • Extra Cold draught stout, sold in kegs and put through a super cooler—4.1 to 4.3% abv;
  • Bottled Guinness draught, which includes a patented "rocket widget" to simulate the draught taste—4.1 to 4.3% abv;
  • Canned Guinness draught, which includes a similar but differently shaped widget—4.1 to 4.3% abv;
  • Guinness Original/Extra Stout, as near to Arthur Guinness' original porter as can be obtained today—4.2 or 4.3% abv (England, Ireland), 5% abv (Canada, mainland Europe), and 6% abv (United States, Australia, Japan);
  • Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, sold in West Africa, the Caribbean and Asia—5% abv (China), 6.5 %abv (Jamaica), 7.5% abv (Africa) and 8% abv (Malaysia);
  • Guinness Foreign Extra Stout Nigeria, uses sorghum in the brewing process instead of barley—sold in Nigeria and Great Britain—7.5% abv;
  • Guinness Special Export Stout, sold in Belgium—8% abv;
  • Guinness Bitter, an English-style bitter beer—4.4% abv;
  • Guinness Extra Smooth, a smoother stout sold in Ghana, Cameroon and Nigeria—6% abv;
  • Malta Guinness, a non-alcoholic sweet drink, sold in Africa;
  • Guinness Mid-Strength, a low-alcohol stout being test-marketed in Limerick, Ireland from March 2006—2.8% abv. [6].

The Guinness brewery also makes other brands of alcoholic drinks, including Harp, Smithwick's and Kilkenny. The company has a regional franchise to produce Budweiser beer.

Guinness original widget


Withdrawn Guinness variants include Guinness's Brite Lager, Guinness's Brite Ale, Guinness Light, Guinness XXX Extra Strong Stout, Guinness Cream Stout, Guinness Gold, Guinness Pilsner and Guinness Special Light. Other withdrawn beers produced by Guinness include Enigma Draught Lager and Breo White Beer, as well as the St. James's Gate Beers: Pilsner Gold, Wicked Red Ale, Wildcat Wheat Beer and Dark Angel Lager.

In October 2005, Guinness introduced the Brewhouse Series — a limited-edition collection of draft stouts that will be available for six months each. The first stout in the series is Brew 39, which is being released in Dublin from October 2005 to March 2006. It has the same alcohol content (abv) as Guinness Draught, uses the same gas mix and settles in the same way, but has a slightly different taste. Other variants will be on tap across Ireland.

A brewing byproduct of Guinness, Guinness Yeast Extract (GYE), was produced until the 1950s.

Marketing

Guinness has a long history of marketing campaigns, from award-winning television commercials to beer mats and posters.

Nigeria is the third largest and fastest-growing Guinness market in the world. However, as the cultivation of barley is restricted in Nigeria, the local version is made primarily from sorghum.

Advertising

Guinness uses the Brian Boru, or Trinity College Harp as their trademark. This circa 14th century harp which is still visible at Trinity College, Dublin has been used as a symbol of Ireland since the reign of Henry VIII (16th century). Guinness adopted the harp as a logo in 1862, however it is shown in a form that faces left instead of right as in the coat of arms.

One of the more famous advertising posters from the Gilroy Era of the 40's World War II era Guinness advertising poster.

Guinness's iconic stature can be attributed in part to its advertising. The most notable and recognisable series of adverts was created by Benson's advertising, primarily John Gilroy, in the 1930s and 40s. Gilroy was responsible for creating posters which included such phrases such as "Guinness for Strength", "Lovely Day for a Guinness", "Guinness Makes You Strong" "My Goodness My Guinness" and most famously, "Guinness is Good For You". The posters featured Gilroy's distinctive artwork and more often than not featured animals such as a kangaroo, ostrich, seal, lion, and notably a toucan, which has become as much a symbol of Guinness as the harp. (An advertisement from the 1940s ran with the following jingle: Toucans in their tests agree/Guinness is good for you./Try some today and see/What one or toucan do.) Guinness has recently taken the dominant share in the African beer market with its Michael Power advertising campaign. Guinness advertising paraphernalia attracts high prices on the collectible market.

In 2000, Guinness's 1999 advert Surfer was named the best television commercial of all time in a UK poll conducted by The Sunday Times and Channel 4. Surfer was produced by the advertising agency Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO; the advertisement can be downloaded from their website [7].

The Most recent memorable commercial is available to view here : http://www.brainstorm9.com.br/archives/2005/10/noitulove.html The title is 'noitulovE' (which is 'Evolution' spelt backwards)

Merchandising

During Saint Patrick's Day, Guinness merchandise is available in many places that sell the drink. This includes clothing and hats, often available from behind the bar after a specific number of pints of Guinness have been purchased.

Guinness fans can visit the Guinness Storehouse in Dublin, which has been described as Disneyland for the beer (or, perhaps, more accurately, stout) lover. Located on the site of the St. James' Gate brewery, the Storehouse is an interactive, multimedia experience taking you through all things Guinness.

History of ownership

The grandson of the original Arthur Guinness, Sir Benjamin Guinness, was Lord Mayor of Dublin and was created a baronet in 1867, only to die the next year. His eldest son Arthur, Baron Ardilaun (1840–1915), sold control of the brewery to Sir Benjamin's third son Edward (1847–1927), who became 1st Earl of Iveagh. He, his son and great-grandson, the 2nd and 3rd Earls, chaired the Guinness company into the 1980s, at which time non-family chief executive Ernest Saunders became chairman as part of the merger with leading Scotch whisky producer United Distillers. After Saunders was forced out following revelations that the United stock price had been illegally manipulated, the family presence on the board declined rapidly, and today no Guinness sits on the board of the holding company Diageo PLC.

Book of Records

The Guinness company also produced the Guinness Book of Records, which originated in 1955 when a debate in a pub after a hunt could not be settled with existing reference books. After merger with the firms of Arthur Bell and United Distillers, the firm became Guinness PLC, and was no longer headed by a family member. It combined with Grand Metropolitan to form Diageo PLC in 1997, at which point the Book of Records was sold to Gullane Entertainment, who in turn were purchased in 2002 by the book's current publishers, HIT Entertainment.

The Lions Gate Bridge

The Guinness Family built the Lions Gate Bridge in Vancouver (or more accurately paid for its construction) which connects Vancouver to North Vancouver and West Vancouver over Burrard Inlet. The Guinness family sold the bridge to the province of British Columbia for over 6 million dollars in 1955.

Trivia

Among the Cantonese-speaking Chinese locals in Singapore and Malaysia, Guinness Stout is known as "Hak Gau Peh", literally means "Black Dog Beer". This is because somehow, only the elder generation prefers Guinness Stout. And these senior citizens survived through the tougher days, where education was less important. Illiteracy rate was high, and these people do not know how to pronounce "Guinness Stout" while ordering it. Incidentally, Guinness advertisement posters were always associating a black bulldog with the stouts. So these people simply say "Black Dog Beer" in Cantonese while ordering it. This has become a household name, at least among the men over the period.


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This has become a household name, at least among the men over the period. The down side is that $100,000 price that the best bodies command. So these people simply say "Black Dog Beer" in Cantonese while ordering it. They are NOT actual antique, but in some respects better than any previous source of hot rod bodies, even including 1932 vintage Fords. Incidentally, Guinness advertisement posters were always associating a black bulldog with the stouts. As the supply of "real steel" antique bodies dwindles to nothing, those who reject fiberglasses as a "bogus aproach", can buy new "retro inspired bodies". Illiteracy rate was high, and these people do not know how to pronounce "Guinness Stout" while ordering it. Most of the metal was likely never used on a 1932 Ford.

And these senior citizens survived through the tougher days, where education was less important. Technically, they were often late model cars with copies of 1930's-60's bodies on them. This is because somehow, only the elder generation prefers Guinness Stout. Interestingly, most of his cars were hand built one offs, complete with hand fabricated aluminium bodies. Among the Cantonese-speaking Chinese locals in Singapore and Malaysia, Guinness Stout is known as "Hak Gau Peh", literally means "Black Dog Beer". However, many of the vehicles no longer contained any parts from the original cars, and some were entirely unrelated to their supposed donor vehicles. The Guinness family sold the bridge to the province of British Columbia for over 6 million dollars in 1955. Coddington's hot rods had been registered as antique automobiles in order to avoid emissions and tax liabilities.

The Guinness Family built the Lions Gate Bridge in Vancouver (or more accurately paid for its construction) which connects Vancouver to North Vancouver and West Vancouver over Burrard Inlet. On April 7, 2005, Boyd Coddington, famed hot rod designer and star of American Hot Rod, pleaded guilty of perpetrating a "Ship of Theseus" fraud. It combined with Grand Metropolitan to form Diageo PLC in 1997, at which point the Book of Records was sold to Gullane Entertainment, who in turn were purchased in 2002 by the book's current publishers, HIT Entertainment. Because the Swedish regulations required a crash test even for custom-built passenger cars between 1969 and 1982, but the law allowed lorries without a crash test, hot rods from this time were made as two seat trucks. After merger with the firms of Arthur Bell and United Distillers, the firm became Guinness PLC, and was no longer headed by a family member. Since there is very little "vintage tin" the hot rods in Sweden are generally made with a home made chassis (usually a Ford model T or A replica), with a Jaguar rear axle, a small block V8 and fibreglass tub, but some have been built using for instance a Volvo Duett chassis. The Guinness company also produced the Guinness Book of Records, which originated in 1955 when a debate in a pub after a hunt could not be settled with existing reference books. Clubs such as Wheels and Wings in Varberg, Sweden have established themselves in Swedish Hot Rod culture.

After Saunders was forced out following revelations that the United stock price had been illegally manipulated, the family presence on the board declined rapidly, and today no Guinness sits on the board of the holding company Diageo PLC. The culture is still going strong in Sweden where there are a lot of automobile enthusiasts, also known as raggare. He, his son and great-grandson, the 2nd and 3rd Earls, chaired the Guinness company into the 1980s, at which time non-family chief executive Ernest Saunders became chairman as part of the merger with leading Scotch whisky producer United Distillers. It has also begun to garner respect as an exhibitor of contemporary artistic talent that transcends kustom kulture's bounds. His eldest son Arthur, Baron Ardilaun (1840–1915), sold control of the brewery to Sir Benjamin's third son Edward (1847–1927), who became 1st Earl of Iveagh. Juxtapoz Magazine, founded by the artist Robert Williams, has thrived as a recent extrapolation of kustom kulture art. The grandson of the original Arthur Guinness, Sir Benjamin Guinness, was Lord Mayor of Dublin and was created a baronet in 1867, only to die the next year. The Discovery Channel airs several shows dealing with modern interpretations of kustom kulture such as Monster Garage, American Hot Rod, and Overhaulin'.

James' Gate brewery, the Storehouse is an interactive, multimedia experience taking you through all things Guinness. Hot rod builders such as Jesse James, who is also famous for his motorcycle modifications (choppers), have swept through popular culture like wildfire. Located on the site of the St. There is still a vibrant Hot Rod culture in North America, especially on the West coast. Guinness fans can visit the Guinness Storehouse in Dublin, which has been described as Disneyland for the beer (or, perhaps, more accurately, stout) lover. The "classic era" of hot rod construction ended around 1965, in part because the supply of vintage tin had dwindled, but mostly because new cars were equipped for greater speed and power directly from the factory with little or no modification required. This includes clothing and hats, often available from behind the bar after a specific number of pints of Guinness have been purchased. Construction of a hot rod required skill with mechanical work, welding, and automotive paint and body work.

During Saint Patrick's Day, Guinness merchandise is available in many places that sell the drink. Certain engines, such as the flathead Ford V8 and the small block Chevrolet V8 were particularly sought after as replacements, because of their compact size, ready availability, and power. The Most recent memorable commercial is available to view here : http://www.brainstorm9.com.br/archives/2005/10/noitulove.html The title is 'noitulovE' (which is 'Evolution' spelt backwards). The typical hot rod was heavily modified, particularly through replacement of the engine and transmission, and possibly other components including brakes and steering. Surfer was produced by the advertising agency Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO; the advertisement can be downloaded from their website [7]. Many of these had sound bodies and frames and had been junked for mechanical reasons, since the running gear of early cars was not durable. In 2000, Guinness's 1999 advert Surfer was named the best television commercial of all time in a UK poll conducted by The Sunday Times and Channel 4. During this time, there was an adequate supply of what hot rodders called "vintage tin" -- junk cars manufactured prior to 1942 that could be had cheaply.

Guinness advertising paraphernalia attracts high prices on the collectible market. The Hot Rod era extended from 1945 to the beginning of the muscle car era (about 1965), reaching its height in about 1955. (An advertisement from the 1940s ran with the following jingle: Toucans in their tests agree/Guinness is good for you./Try some today and see/What one or toucan do.) Guinness has recently taken the dominant share in the African beer market with its Michael Power advertising campaign. . The posters featured Gilroy's distinctive artwork and more often than not featured animals such as a kangaroo, ostrich, seal, lion, and notably a toucan, which has become as much a symbol of Guinness as the harp. Author Tom Wolfe was one of the first to recognise the importance of hot rodding in popular culture, and bring it to mainstream attention, as described in his book The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine Flake Streamline Baby. Gilroy was responsible for creating posters which included such phrases such as "Guinness for Strength", "Lovely Day for a Guinness", "Guinness Makes You Strong" "My Goodness My Guinness" and most famously, "Guinness is Good For You". Hot rods are important to American culture.

The most notable and recognisable series of adverts was created by Benson's advertising, primarily John Gilroy, in the 1930s and 40s. There are also television shows like My Classic Car, and Horse Power TV. Guinness's iconic stature can be attributed in part to its advertising. There are many magazines that you can look at to see hot rods like Hot Rod Magazine, Street Rodder, and Popular Hot Rodding. Guinness adopted the harp as a logo in 1862, however it is shown in a form that faces left instead of right as in the coat of arms. Those who work according to the original idea of cheap, fast and no frills are often called rat rods. This circa 14th century harp which is still visible at Trinity College, Dublin has been used as a symbol of Ireland since the reign of Henry VIII (16th century). Nowadays people who own hot rods keep them clean and try to make them noticeable.

Guinness uses the Brian Boru, or Trinity College Harp as their trademark. The Wally Parks NHRA Motorsports Museum houses the very roots of hot rodding. However, as the cultivation of barley is restricted in Nigeria, the local version is made primarily from sorghum. The annual California Hot Rod Reunion and National Hot Rod Reunion are held to honor pioneers in the sport. Nigeria is the third largest and fastest-growing Guinness market in the world. Hot Rodders, including Wally Parks created the National Hot Rod Association NHRA to bring racing off the streets and onto the tracks. Guinness has a long history of marketing campaigns, from award-winning television commercials to beer mats and posters. In the 1970s hot rodders tried to clean up their reputation and thus they started to use the term "street rod" instead.

A brewing byproduct of Guinness, Guinness Yeast Extract (GYE), was produced until the 1950s. Other sources indicate that the term was derived from replacement of connecting rods in engines to allow higher RPMs to be reached without parts failure. Other variants will be on tap across Ireland. The term may have originated from "hot roadster" and the term was used in the 1950s and 1960s as a derogatory term for any car that did not fit into the mainstream. It has the same alcohol content (abv) as Guinness Draught, uses the same gas mix and settles in the same way, but has a slightly different taste. Originally the term was used to the practice of taking an old, cheap car, removing weight (usually by removing roof, hood, bumpers, windscreen and fenders), lower it, change or tune the engine to give more power, add fat wheels for traction and paint it to make it stand out. The first stout in the series is Brew 39, which is being released in Dublin from October 2005 to March 2006. Hot rods are older, often historical, cars.

In October 2005, Guinness introduced the Brewhouse Series — a limited-edition collection of draft stouts that will be available for six months each. James's Gate Beers: Pilsner Gold, Wicked Red Ale, Wildcat Wheat Beer and Dark Angel Lager. Other withdrawn beers produced by Guinness include Enigma Draught Lager and Breo White Beer, as well as the St.
Withdrawn Guinness variants include Guinness's Brite Lager, Guinness's Brite Ale, Guinness Light, Guinness XXX Extra Strong Stout, Guinness Cream Stout, Guinness Gold, Guinness Pilsner and Guinness Special Light.

The company has a regional franchise to produce Budweiser beer. The Guinness brewery also makes other brands of alcoholic drinks, including Harp, Smithwick's and Kilkenny. Guinness is available in a number of variants and strengths, which include:. [5] Although the effect occurs in any liquid, it is particularly noticeable in any dark nitrogen stout, as the drink combines dark-coloured liquid and light-coloured bubbles.

This downward flow pushes the bubbles near the glass towards the bottom. As beer rises in the center, the beer near the outside of the glass falls. The rising bubbles create a current by the entrainment of the surrounding fluid. Bubbles in the centre of the glass are, however, free to rise to the surface, and form a rising column of bubbles.

The effect is attributed to drag; bubbles which touch the walls of a glass are slowed in their upwards travel. [2] [3] [4]. A long time subject of bar conversations has been the observation that gas bubbles travel downwards in a pint glass of Guinness. It actually comes from the Wicklow Mountains, specifically, Lady's Well.

It is a common myth that Guinness is brewed using water from the River Liffey, which flows through Dublin close to St James's Gate. Shamrocks and harps are quite popular designs for this. Some bartenders also draw a simple design in the head during the slow pour. While this method of pouring (slow) is done in Ireland and the UK, many American bars seem to ignore the requisite 'slow pour'.

Recent advertising campaigns state that "it takes 119.6 seconds to pour the perfect pint" of Guinness. This creates the characteristic creamy head that lasts until the last sip. The tap handle should be pushed forward, rather than pulled, when the beer is topped off. It should be poured slowly at a 45° angle; about three quarters is poured and left to settle before the rest is added.

Draught Guinness is considered at its best flavour when served cool, although not necessarily cold. "Original Extra Stout" tastes quite different; it contains only CO2, making a more acidic taste. The perceived smoothness of draught Guinness is due to the low acidity and the creaminess of the head caused by the surging. The high pressure is required to force the draught beer through fine holes in a plate in the tap, which causes the characteristic "surge" (the widget in cans and bottles achieves the same effect).

Unlike carbon dioxide, nitrogen does not dissolve in water, which allows the beer to be put under high pressure without making it fizzy. Draught Guinness and its canned namesake contain nitrogen (N2) as well as carbon dioxide (CO2). Many stout beer aficionados claim it is watery compared to other, more malty stout brews. Despite its appearance as a dark and over-powering stout beer, Guinness is actually quite tame and mellow for a stout, and can be enjoyed with most food.

The barley is roasted to give Guinness its dark colour and characteristic taste.[1] Despite the "meal in a glass" or "liquid bread" reputation the beverage has among some non-Guinness drinkers, Guinness only contains 198 calories (838 kilojoules) per imperial pint (1460 kJ/l), less than an equal-sized serving of skimmed milk or orange juice. Guinness stout is made from four natural ingredients: water, barley, hops and yeast. . The Guinness brewery in Park Royal, London closed in 2005.

It is also brewed under licence internationally; the resulting beer is, from all reports, significantly different. The word "stout" was not attached to the beer until the 1820s. Six and a half barrels of Guinness Stout were shipped from Ireland to England. Ten years later in 1769 Guinness exported their product for the first time.

James's Gate Brewery, Dublin, Ireland since 1759, when Arthur Guinness signed a 9,000 year lease at IR£45 per annum for the unused brewery. This beer has been brewed at St. It was first brewed in Leixlip. Arthur Guinness Son & Co., founded 1756, produces a dark stout beer (a type of porter), known widely as Guinness.

[6]. Guinness Mid-Strength, a low-alcohol stout being test-marketed in Limerick, Ireland from March 2006—2.8% abv. Malta Guinness, a non-alcoholic sweet drink, sold in Africa;. Guinness Extra Smooth, a smoother stout sold in Ghana, Cameroon and Nigeria—6% abv;.

Guinness Bitter, an English-style bitter beer—4.4% abv;. Guinness Special Export Stout, sold in Belgium—8% abv;. Guinness Foreign Extra Stout Nigeria, uses sorghum in the brewing process instead of barley—sold in Nigeria and Great Britain—7.5% abv;. Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, sold in West Africa, the Caribbean and Asia—5% abv (China), 6.5 %abv (Jamaica), 7.5% abv (Africa) and 8% abv (Malaysia);.

Guinness Original/Extra Stout, as near to Arthur Guinness' original porter as can be obtained today—4.2 or 4.3% abv (England, Ireland), 5% abv (Canada, mainland Europe), and 6% abv (United States, Australia, Japan);. Canned Guinness draught, which includes a similar but differently shaped widget—4.1 to 4.3% abv;. Bottled Guinness draught, which includes a patented "rocket widget" to simulate the draught taste—4.1 to 4.3% abv;. Extra Cold draught stout, sold in kegs and put through a super cooler—4.1 to 4.3% abv;.

Guinness draught stout, sold in kegs—4.1 to 4.3% alcohol by volume (abv);.