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Gone With the Wind

(Redirected from Gone With The Wind) Gone With the Wind was an instant success.

Gone With the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. The novel is one of the most popular of all time, and an American film adaptation released on Decemeber 15, 1939 became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards.

Mitchell's work relates the story of a rebellious Georgia woman named Scarlett O'Hara and her travails with friends, family and lovers in the midst of the antebellum South, the American Civil War, and the Reconstruction period. It also tells the story of the love that blossoms between Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler.

The book

Critics and historians regard the book as having a strong ideological commitment to the cause of the Confederacy and a romanticized view of the culture of the antebellum South. This is apparent from the book's opening pages, which describe how Scarlett's beaux, the Tarleton twins, have been expelled from university and are accompanied home by their elder brothers out of a sense of honor: a metaphor for the South's viewpoint on the statehood of Kansas.

Nevertheless, the book includes a vivid description of the fall of Atlanta in 1864 and the devastation of war (some of it absent from the 1939 film), and shows a considerable amount of historical research. Mitchell's sweeping narrative of war and loss helped the book win the Pulitzer Prize on May 3, 1937.

The official sequel, Scarlett, was written by Alexandra Ripley in 1991.

In 2000, the copyright holders attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone, a book that told the story from the point of view of the slaves. A federal appeals court ruled against the plaintiffs in 2001. The successful defense was based on the court's acceptance of the book as parody.

The film

In 1936, film producer David O. Selznick decided that he wanted to create a movie based on Gone With the Wind. He bought the rights for $50,000, a record amount at the time. A well-publicized casting search for an actress to play Scarlett resulted in the hire of young British actress Vivien Leigh, although many other famous or soon-to-be-famous actresses had been auditioned, considered for the role, or tested, including Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Bette Davis, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Crawford, Lana Turner, Susan Hayward, Carole Lombard, Paulette Goddard, Irene Dunne, Merle Oberon, Ida Lupino, Joan Fontaine, Loretta Young, Miriam Hopkins, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee and Lucille Ball.

Shooting began on December 10, 1938 and was completed on November 11, 1939. The film premiered in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1939, with estimated production costs of $4 million, and has become the highest-grossing movie of all time (adjusted for inflation). It garnered thirteen Academy Award nominations and eight Awards.

Although some have criticized the film for sanitizing or even promoting the values of the Old South, filmgoers in 1939 had a different view. Scarlett O'Hara's father, Gerald, deferred to his wife, Ellen, who was portrayed as the real head of the O'Hara household. A black woman, Mammy, was not shy about upbraiding her white mistress, Scarlett. In early 1940, an African American would win an Academy Award when Hattie McDaniel walked to the podium to accept her Oscar as Best Supporting Actress.

The film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry and has undergone a complete digital restoration.

Credits

A full list can be found at The Internet Movie Database: Gone With the Wind (1939) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/fullcredits)

  • Directed by
    • George Cukor (uncredited)
    • Victor Fleming
    • Sam Wood (uncredited)
  • Writing credits
    • Margaret Mitchell (I) (novel)
    • Sidney Howard - adapted screenplay
    • Ben Hecht (uncredited) and
    • David O. Selznick (uncredited) and
    • Jo Swerling (uncredited) &
    • John Van Druten (uncredited)
  • Cast (in credits order)
    • Clark Gable .... Rhett Butler
    • Vivien Leigh .... Scarlett O'Hara
    • Leslie Howard .... Ashley Wilkes
    • Olivia de Havilland .... Melanie Hamilton
    • Hattie McDaniel .... Mammy
    • Thomas Mitchell (I) .... Gerald O'Hara
    • Barbara O'Neil .... Ellen O'Hara (as Barbara O'Neill)
    • Evelyn Keyes .... Suellen O'Hara
    • Ann Rutherford .... Carreen O'Hara
    • George Reeves .... Stuart Tarleton
    • Fred Crane .... Brent Tarleton
    • Oscar Polk .... Pork
    • Butterfly McQueen .... Prissy
    • Victor Jory (I) .... Jonas Wilkerson, The Overseer
    • Everett Brown (I) .... Big Sam, the foreman
    • Howard C. Hickman .... John Wilkes (as Howard Hickman)
    • Alicia Rhett .... India Wilkes
    • Rand Brooks .... Charles Hamilton
    • Carroll Nye .... Frank Kennedy, a guest
    • Laura Hope Crews .... Aunt Pittypat Hamilton
    • Ona Munson .... Belle Watling
  • Produced by
    • David O. Selznick
  • Oscar Record
    • Best Picture - David O. Selznick, producer
    • Best Actress in a Leading Role - Vivien Leigh
    • Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Hattie McDaniel
    • Best Art Direction - Lyle R. Wheeler
    • Best Cinematography, Color - Ernest Haller, and Ray Rennahan
    • Best Director - Victor Fleming
    • Best Film Editing - Hal C. Kern, and James E. Newcom
    • Best Writing, Screenplay - Sidney Howard
    • Honorary Award - William Cameron Menzies - "For outstanding achievement in the use of color for the enhancement of dramatic mood in the production of Gone with the Wind." (plaque).
    • Technical Achievement Award - Don Musgrave - "For pioneering in the use of coordinated equipment in the production Gone with the Wind."
Nominated
    • Best Actor in a Leading Role - Clark Gable
    • Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Olivia de Havilland
    • Best Effects, Special Effects - Fred Albin (sound), Jack Cosgrove (photographic), and Arthur Johns (sound)
    • Best Music, Original Score - Max Steiner
    • Best Sound, Recording - Thomas T. Moulton (Samuel Goldwyn SSD)

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A full list can be found at The Internet Movie Database: Gone With the Wind (1939) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/fullcredits). A constant danger for stagecoach travellers was the threat of robbery by highwaymen or bandits. The film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry and has undergone a complete digital restoration. The diligence, though not invariably with four horses, was the Continental analogue for public conveyance, with other minor varieties such as the Stellwagen and Eilwagen. Stagecoaches could compete with canal boats, but they were rendered obsolete as the rail network expanded. In early 1940, an African American would win an Academy Award when Hattie McDaniel walked to the podium to accept her Oscar as Best Supporting Actress. Today the most familiar image of the stagecoach is that seen in film Westerns, but they were also used throughout eastern North America and Europe. A black woman, Mammy, was not shy about upbraiding her white mistress, Scarlett. 32).

Scarlett O'Hara's father, Gerald, deferred to his wife, Ellen, who was portrayed as the real head of the O'Hara household. In Britain their carrying the mails from 1784 generated the term "mail coach." In France the turgotines, big mail coaches named for their originator, Louis XVI's economist minister Turgot, and improved roads, where a coach could travel at full gallop across levels, combined with more staging posts at shorter intervals, cut the time required to travel across the country sometimes by half, between 1765 and 1780 (Braudel 1984 fig. Although some have criticized the film for sanitizing or even promoting the values of the Old South, filmgoers in 1939 had a different view. Until the railway systems of Europe drove the stagecoaches out of business they had regular routes (stages) all over Britain and the Continent. It garnered thirteen Academy Award nominations and eight Awards. The stagecoach, with seats outside and in, was a public conveyance which was known in England from the 16th century. Shooting began on December 10, 1938 and was completed on November 11, 1939. The film premiered in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1939, with estimated production costs of $4 million, and has become the highest-grossing movie of all time (adjusted for inflation). They were also convenient places to exchange mail, and to allow the passengers and crew food and rest breaks.

A well-publicized casting search for an actress to play Scarlett resulted in the hire of young British actress Vivien Leigh, although many other famous or soon-to-be-famous actresses had been auditioned, considered for the role, or tested, including Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Bette Davis, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Crawford, Lana Turner, Susan Hayward, Carole Lombard, Paulette Goddard, Irene Dunne, Merle Oberon, Ida Lupino, Joan Fontaine, Loretta Young, Miriam Hopkins, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee and Lucille Ball. A stagecoach would stop periodically at staging posts to take on fresh horses. He bought the rights for $50,000, a record amount at the time. A stagecoach is a type of four-wheeled enclosed passenger and/or mail coach, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, widely used before the introduction of railway transport. Selznick decided that he wanted to create a movie based on Gone With the Wind. For the 1939 John Wayne movie see: Stagecoach (movie). In 1936, film producer David O.

The successful defense was based on the court's acceptance of the book as parody. A federal appeals court ruled against the plaintiffs in 2001. In 2000, the copyright holders attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone, a book that told the story from the point of view of the slaves. The official sequel, Scarlett, was written by Alexandra Ripley in 1991.

Mitchell's sweeping narrative of war and loss helped the book win the Pulitzer Prize on May 3, 1937. Nevertheless, the book includes a vivid description of the fall of Atlanta in 1864 and the devastation of war (some of it absent from the 1939 film), and shows a considerable amount of historical research. This is apparent from the book's opening pages, which describe how Scarlett's beaux, the Tarleton twins, have been expelled from university and are accompanied home by their elder brothers out of a sense of honor: a metaphor for the South's viewpoint on the statehood of Kansas. Critics and historians regard the book as having a strong ideological commitment to the cause of the Confederacy and a romanticized view of the culture of the antebellum South.

It also tells the story of the love that blossoms between Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler. Mitchell's work relates the story of a rebellious Georgia woman named Scarlett O'Hara and her travails with friends, family and lovers in the midst of the antebellum South, the American Civil War, and the Reconstruction period. The novel is one of the most popular of all time, and an American film adaptation released on Decemeber 15, 1939 became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards. Gone With the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937.

Moulton (Samuel Goldwyn SSD). Best Sound, Recording - Thomas T. Best Music, Original Score - Max Steiner. Best Effects, Special Effects - Fred Albin (sound), Jack Cosgrove (photographic), and Arthur Johns (sound).

Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Olivia de Havilland. Best Actor in a Leading Role - Clark Gable.

    . Technical Achievement Award - Don Musgrave - "For pioneering in the use of coordinated equipment in the production Gone with the Wind.".

    Honorary Award - William Cameron Menzies - "For outstanding achievement in the use of color for the enhancement of dramatic mood in the production of Gone with the Wind." (plaque). Best Writing, Screenplay - Sidney Howard. Newcom. Kern, and James E.

    Best Film Editing - Hal C. Best Director - Victor Fleming. Best Cinematography, Color - Ernest Haller, and Ray Rennahan. Wheeler.

    Best Art Direction - Lyle R. Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Hattie McDaniel. Best Actress in a Leading Role - Vivien Leigh. Selznick, producer.

    Best Picture - David O. Oscar Record

      . Selznick. David O.

      Produced by

        . Belle Watling. Ona Munson ... Laura Hope Crews .... Aunt Pittypat Hamilton.

        Frank Kennedy, a guest. Carroll Nye ... Charles Hamilton. Rand Brooks ...

        India Wilkes. Alicia Rhett ... John Wilkes (as Howard Hickman). Hickman ...

        Howard C. Big Sam, the foreman. Everett Brown (I) ... Jonas Wilkerson, The Overseer.

        Victor Jory (I) ... Prissy. Butterfly McQueen ... Pork.

        Oscar Polk ... Brent Tarleton. Fred Crane ... Stuart Tarleton.

        George Reeves ... Carreen O'Hara. Ann Rutherford ... Suellen O'Hara.

        Evelyn Keyes ... Barbara O'Neil .... Ellen O'Hara (as Barbara O'Neill). Gerald O'Hara. Thomas Mitchell (I) ...

        Mammy. Hattie McDaniel ... Melanie Hamilton. Olivia de Havilland ...

        Ashley Wilkes. Leslie Howard ... Scarlett O'Hara. Vivien Leigh ...

        Rhett Butler. Clark Gable ... Cast (in credits order)

          . John Van Druten (uncredited).

          Jo Swerling (uncredited) &. Selznick (uncredited) and. David O. Ben Hecht (uncredited) and.

          Sidney Howard - adapted screenplay. Margaret Mitchell (I) (novel). Writing credits

            . Sam Wood (uncredited).

            Victor Fleming. George Cukor (uncredited). Directed by

              .