This page will contain videos about Georgia, as they become available.Georgia (U.S. state) |
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| State nickname: Peach State / Empire State of the South | |
| Other U.S. States | |
| Capital | Atlanta |
| Largest city | Atlanta |
| Governor | Sonny Perdue |
| Official languages | English |
| Area | 154,077 km² (24th) |
| - Land | 150,132 km² |
| - Water | 3,945 km² (2.6%) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Population | 8,186,453 (10th) |
| - Density | 54.59 /km² (18th) |
| Admission into Union | |
| - Date | January 2, 1788 |
| - Order | 4th |
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 |
| Latitude | 30°31'N to 35°N |
| Longitude | 81°W to 85°53'W |
| Width | 370 km |
| Length | 480 km |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest | 1,458 m |
| - Mean | 180 m |
| - Lowest | 0 m |
| Abbreviations | |
| - USPS | GA |
| - ISO 3166-2 | US-GA |
| Web site | www.georgia.gov |
Georgia is a southern state of the United States and its U.S. postal abbreviation is GA. Georgia was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It was the thirteenth colony and became the fourth state, ratifying the United States Constitution on January 2, 1788. Georgia's population in 2000 was 8,186,453 (U.S. Census). Georgia is one of the fastest growing states in the nation, with an estimated 8,829,383 people in 2004. Georgia is also known as the Peach State or Empire State of the South .
The state song, Georgia on My Mind by Hoagy Carmichael was originally written about a woman of that name, but after Georgia native Ray Charles sang it, the state legislature voted it the state song. Ray Charles sang it on the legislative floor when the bill passed.
The state tree is the Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), the state bird is the brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), and the state flower is the cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata).
Several U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Georgia in honor of this state.
Main article: History of Georgia
Early on, a number of Spanish explorers visited the inland region of Georgia, leaving a trail of destruction behind them. The local moundbuilder culture, described by Hernando de Soto in 1540, had completely disappeared by 1560.
The conflict between Spain and Britain over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the British, moving south from their Carolina colony in present-day South Carolina met the Spanish moving north from their base in Florida. In 1724, it was first suggested that what was by then a British colony be called Province of Georgia in honor of King George II.
Massive British settlement began in the early 1730s with James Oglethorpe, an Englishman in the British parliament, who promoted the idea that the area be used to settle people in a debtors' prison. On February 12, 1733, the first settlers landed in the HMS Anne at what was to become the city of Savannah. This day is now known as Georgia Day, which is not a public holiday, but is mainly observed in schools and by some local civic groups.
On January 18, 1861 Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the American Civil War. In December 1864, a large swath of the state was destroyed during General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea. This event served as the historical background for the book and movie Gone With the Wind. On July 15, 1870, following Reconstruction, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union.
On February 19, 1953 Georgia became the first U.S. state to approve a literature censorship board in the United States.
Georgia has had five "permanent" state capitals: colonial Savannah, which later alternated with Augusta; then for a decade at Louisville (pron. Lewis-ville), and from 1806 through the American Civil War at Milledgeville. The state's legislature also met at other temporary sites, including Macon, especially during the Civil War.
Until recently, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance of any state in the Union. For over 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians only elected Democratic governors, and Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly. The state capital is Atlanta.
As with all other U.S. States and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive and judicial power. Executive authority in the state rests with the governor, currently Sonny Perdue (Republican). The Lieutenant Governor, currently Mark Taylor (Democrat), is elected on a separate ballot. Both the governor and lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms of office. Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S. States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia, rather than appointed by the governor.
(See: list of Georgia governors.)
Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while the House of Representatives selects their own Speaker. The state Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 Senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 Representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one Representative per district); there are currently 56 Senators and 180 Representatives. The term of office for Senators and Representatives is two years.
State Judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including State Courts, Superior Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction to four-year terms.
At the federal level, Georgia's two U.S. senators are Saxby Chambliss (Republican) and Johnny Isakson (Republican). As of the 2001 reapportionment, the state has 13 congressmen and women in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Georgia also has 159 counties, the most of any state except Texas (254). Before 1932, there were 161, with Milton and Campbell being merged into Fulton at the end of 1931, during the Great Depression. Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, one of the delegates from Georgia who signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "home rule" authority, and so the county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county as a municipality would.
Besides the counties, Georgia only defines cities as local units of government. Every incorporated town, no matter how small, is legally a city. Conversely, the city of Sandy Springs is one of the largest in the state (over 80,000), but is not legally so since it is not yet incorporated, although a referendum is planned for the summer of 2005. Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, but does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. So far, only Columbus, Augusta, and Athens have done this.
Georgia has a modest income tax and a 4% state sales tax, which is not applied to groceries or prescription drugs. Each county may add up to a 2% SPLOST. Counties participating in MARTA have another 1%, the city of Atlanta (in two counties) has the only city sales tax (1%, total 8%) for fixing its old sewers. Local taxes are almost always charged on groceries but never prescriptions. Up to 1% of a SPLOST can go to homestead exemptions. All taxes are collected by the state and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities.
There is no true metropolitan government in Georgia, though the Atlanta Regional Commission and Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some regional services, and the ARC must approve all major land development projects in metro Atlanta.
(See: list of Georgia counties.)
Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, on the west by Alabama, and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the mountain system of the Appalachians. The central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state. The highest point in Georgia is Brasstown Bald, 4784 feet (1458 m); the lowest point is sea level.
The capital is Atlanta, in the central part of northern Georgia, and the peach is a symbol of the state. The state is an important producer of cotton, tobacco, and forest products, notably the so-called "naval stores" such as turpentine and rosin from the pine forests.
Georgia is also the largest state east of the Mississippi River, since West Virginia seceded from Virginia during the Civil War.
Atlanta is still a major railroad hub for CSX and Norfolk Southern, in addition to being a major airport hub now as well. Several highways and short line railroads also traverse the state.
Georgia's 2003 total gross state product was $320 billion. Its per capita personal income for 2003 put it 31st in the nation at $29,000. Georgia's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, peanuts, cattle, hogs, dairy products, and vegetables. Its industrial outputs are textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemical products, electric equipment, and tourism.
As of 2003, the population of Georgia was 8,684,715, making it the 10th most populous state. Its population has grown 34% (2.2 million) from its 1990 levels, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the country. More than half of the state's population lives in the Atlanta metro area.
Racially, Georgia is:
7.3% of its population were reported as under 5 years of age, 26.5% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.8% of the population.
Religiously, Georgia is overwhelmingly Protestant:
The three largest Protestant denominations in Georgia are: Baptist (51% of total state population), Methodist (12%), Presbyterian & Pentecostal & Episcopalian (tied 2%)
Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) operates nine major educational television stations across the state as Georgia Public Broadcasting Television. It also operates, in whole or in part, several radio stations as Georgia Public Radio (GPR). See also List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state).
Georgia is also home to Ted Turner, who founded TBS, TNT, and CNN, among others. The CNN Center headquarters is located in Atlanta, GA.
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The CNN Center headquarters is located in Atlanta, GA. For 40 years, The Bachelor's Beat, a paid weekly newspaper has covered local politics while selling ads for area strip clubs and escort services. Georgia is also home to Ted Turner, who founded TBS, TNT, and CNN, among others. In addition, the city is also served by numerous free neighborhood papers and weeklies such as the Phoenix New Times, Arizona State University's State Press, and the College Times. state). The city has two major newspapers: The Arizona Republic serves the greater metropolitan area and The East Valley Tribune tends to focus on East Valley issues. See also List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. By this time, the paper had progressed from a weekly publication to semiweekly. It also operates, in whole or in part, several radio stations as Georgia Public Radio (GPR). It later changed its name to the Phoenix Herald in 1880. Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) operates nine major educational television stations across the state as Georgia Public Broadcasting Television. Phoenix's first publication was the Salt River Valley Herald. The three largest Protestant denominations in Georgia are: Baptist (51% of total state population), Methodist (12%), Presbyterian & Pentecostal & Episcopalian (tied 2%). FM. Religiously, Georgia is overwhelmingly Protestant:. AM. Females made up approximately 50.8% of the population. This list is incomplete.. 7.3% of its population were reported as under 5 years of age, 26.5% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Phoenix is served by several major television stations:. Racially, Georgia is:. Out of the total population, 21.0% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. More than half of the state's population lives in the Atlanta metro area. 15.8% of the population and 11.5% of families were below the poverty line. Its population has grown 34% (2.2 million) from its 1990 levels, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the country. The per capita income for the city was $19,833. As of 2003, the population of Georgia was 8,684,715, making it the 10th most populous state. Males had a median income of $32,820 versus $27,466 for females. Its industrial outputs are textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemical products, electric equipment, and tourism. The median income for a household in the city was $41,207, and the median income for a family was $46,467. Georgia's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, peanuts, cattle, hogs, dairy products, and vegetables. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males. Its per capita personal income for 2003 put it 31st in the nation at $29,000. For every 100 females there were 103.5 males. Georgia's 2003 total gross state product was $320 billion. The median age was 31 years. Several highways and short line railroads also traverse the state. In the city the population age distribution was 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. Atlanta is still a major railroad hub for CSX and Norfolk Southern, in addition to being a major airport hub now as well. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.39. Georgia is also the largest state east of the Mississippi River, since West Virginia seceded from Virginia during the Civil War. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The state is an important producer of cotton, tobacco, and forest products, notably the so-called "naval stores" such as turpentine and rosin from the pine forests. There were 465,834 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. The capital is Atlanta, in the central part of northern Georgia, and the peach is a symbol of the state. 34.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any country origin. The highest point in Georgia is Brasstown Bald, 4784 feet (1458 m); the lowest point is sea level. The racial makeup of the city was 71.07% White, 5.10% African American, 2.02% Native American, 2.00% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 16.40% from other races, and 3.28% from two or more races. The central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state. There were 495,832 housing units at an average density of 403/km² (1,044/mi²). The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the mountain system of the Appalachians. The population density was 1,074/km² (2,782/mi²). Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, on the west by Alabama, and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. At the census of 2000, there were 1,321,045 people, 465,834 households, and 307,450 families residing in the city. (See: list of Georgia counties.). At its height, in the 1940s, the Phoenix area had 3 military bases: Luke Field (still in use), Falcon Field, and Williams-Gateway Field, with numerous auxillary air fields located throughout the region. There is no true metropolitan government in Georgia, though the Atlanta Regional Commission and Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some regional services, and the ARC must approve all major land development projects in metro Atlanta. The military has a significant presence in Phoenix with Luke Air Force Base located in the western suburbs. All taxes are collected by the state and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities. Due to the warm climate in winter, Phoenix benefits greatly from seasonal tourism and recreation, and has a particularly vibrant golf industry. Up to 1% of a SPLOST can go to homestead exemptions. Numerous high-tech and telecommunications companies have located in the Valley of the Sun. Arizona State University has enhanced the area's population through education and its growing research capabilities. Local taxes are almost always charged on groceries but never prescriptions. Many of the area's residents are employed by the state government since Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. Counties participating in MARTA have another 1%, the city of Atlanta (in two counties) has the only city sales tax (1%, total 8%) for fixing its old sewers. Formerly an agricultural economy dependent mostly on cotton and citrus farming, Phoenix in the last two decades has diversified as rapidly as the population has grown. Each county may add up to a 2% SPLOST. Public education in Phoenix if provided by about 30 school districts. Georgia has a modest income tax and a 4% state sales tax, which is not applied to groceries or prescription drugs. The new annexation is sparsely populated (if at all) and new development is not expected in the near future. So far, only Columbus, Augusta, and Athens have done this. The 15th remains unnamed; it is listed as "New Village" on the city's Village Planning Committee website [1] (http://phoenix.gov/PLANNING/vpcommtt.html). This village was created in 2004 after the approval of new annexations in extreme northern Maricopa County. Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, but does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. 14 of the urban villages are:. Conversely, the city of Sandy Springs is one of the largest in the state (over 80,000), but is not legally so since it is not yet incorporated, although a referendum is planned for the summer of 2005. Their primary purpose is to assist the City Council with zoning and planning ordinances. Every incorporated town, no matter how small, is legally a city. Phoenix is divided into 15 "urban villages". Besides the counties, Georgia only defines cities as local units of government. There is an 8-person city council that represents 8 individual districts in the city of Phoenix. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "home rule" authority, and so the county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county as a municipality would. The current mayor of Phoenix is Phil Gordon. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. The city of Phoenix is served by a council-manager form of government. Declaration of Independence. Snow also fell on March 12, 1917 November 28, 1919, and December 11, 1985. Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, one of the delegates from Georgia who signed the U.S. Most recently, 0.4 inches (1 cm) fell on December 21-22, 1990. Before 1932, there were 161, with Milton and Campbell being merged into Fulton at the end of 1931, during the Great Depression. Another 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) fell on January 20, 1933. On February 2, 1935, 0.5 inches (1 cm) fell. Georgia also has 159 counties, the most of any state except Texas (254). The heaviest snowstorm occurred on January 20-21, 1937, when 1 to 4 inches fell (2 to 10 cm) in parts of the city and did not melt entirely for four days. House of Representatives. Snow falls roughly one year in four, but since recording commenced in 1896 it has accumulated to 0.1 inch (0.25 cm) only 7 times. As of the 2001 reapportionment, the state has 13 congressmen and women in the U.S. Successive winters without any frosts at the airport have been recorded, and the longest period without a freeze stretched from November 23, 1979 to January 31, 1985. senators are Saxby Chambliss (Republican) and Johnny Isakson (Republican). The earliest frost on record occurred November 3, 1946, and the latest April 4, 1945. At the federal level, Georgia's two U.S. Some areas of Phoenix may see frost for a month or more before and after the airport readings. Judges for the smaller courts are elected by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction to four-year terms. At the airport, the mean date of first frost is December 12 and the last is February 7; however, these dates do not represent the city as a whole because the frequency of freezes varies considerably among terrain types and elevations. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Severe thunderstorms—bringing strong winds, large hail, or tornadoes—can occur during any month of the year, but only happen an average of once or twice per year somewhere in the metropolitan area. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including State Courts, Superior Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. The wind-front creates a haboob, a wall of dust thousands of feet high. State Judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. Blowing dust and sand, which also can restrict visibility, accompany the collapse of monsoonal thunderstorms. The state Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 Senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 Representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one Representative per district); there are currently 56 Senators and 180 Representatives. The term of office for Senators and Representatives is two years. Fog is observed from time to time during the winter months. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while the House of Representatives selects their own Speaker. Winter storms moving inland from the Pacific Ocean occasionally produce significant rains but occur infrequently. Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. Although thunderstorms occur on occasion during every month of the year, they are most common during the monsoon season from July to mid-September as humid air surges in from the Gulf of California. (See: list of Georgia governors.). Rain is particularly scarce from April through June. States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia, rather than appointed by the governor. March is the wettest month of the year (1.07 inches or 27 mm). Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S. The normal annual rainfall at Sky Harbor International Airport is 8.29 inches (211 mm). Both the governor and lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms of office. The dry Arizona air makes the hot temperatures more tolerable early in the season; however, the influx of monsoonal moisture has been known to make August in Phoenix almost as humid as summers in the Southeastern United States. The Lieutenant Governor, currently Mark Taylor (Democrat), is elected on a separate ballot. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all-time high of 122 °F (50 °C). Executive authority in the state rests with the governor, currently Sonny Perdue (Republican). In every year except 1911, the temperature has soared to 110 °F (43 °C) or higher. States and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive and judicial power. The temperature reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C) on an average of 89 days during the year, including most days from early June through early September. As with all other U.S. Clear blue skies are typical, with an average of 300 sunny days a year. The state capital is Atlanta. The total area is 0.05% water. For over 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians only elected Democratic governors, and Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly. 1,229.9 km² (474.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. Until recently, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance of any state in the Union. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,230.5 km² (475.1 mi²). The state's legislature also met at other temporary sites, including Macon, especially during the Civil War. Current development (as of 2005) is pushing rapidly beyond the geographic boundaries to the north and west, south through Pinal County towards Tucson, and beginning to surround the large Salt River and Gila River reservations. Georgia has had five "permanent" state capitals: colonial Savannah, which later alternated with Augusta; then for a decade at Louisville (pron. Lewis-ville), and from 1806 through the American Civil War at Milledgeville. Within the city are the Phoenix Mountains and South Mountains. state to approve a literature censorship board in the United States. The Phoenix metropolitan area is surrounded by the McDowell Mountains to the northeast, the White Tank Mountains to the west, the Superstition Mountains far to the east, and the Sierra Estrella to the southwest. On February 19, 1953 Georgia became the first U.S. During periods of increased precipitation such as late 2004/early 2005 its current can become quite strong and regular. On July 15, 1870, following Reconstruction, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union. The dams are deflated to allow the river to flow unimpeded during releases. This event served as the historical background for the book and movie Gone With the Wind. The city of Tempe has built two inflatable dams in the Salt River to create a year-round recreational lake, called Tempe Town Lake. In December 1864, a large swath of the state was destroyed during General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea. The Salt River runs westward through the city of Phoenix; it is typical to see the riverbed entirely dry except when unexpected runoff forces the release of water from any of the several dams upriver. On January 18, 1861 Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the American Civil War. Major retirement communities include Sun Lakes, Sun City, and Sun City West. The community of Ahwatukee is a part of the City of Phoenix itself, but is almost entirely separated from it by South Mountain. This day is now known as Georgia Day, which is not a public holiday, but is mainly observed in schools and by some local civic groups. The Greater Phoenix area has a population of 3.2 million and includes Mesa, Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe, Chandler, Gilbert, Peoria and many smaller communities such as Goodyear, Fountain Hills, Litchfield Park, and Anthem. Massive British settlement began in the early 1730s with James Oglethorpe, an Englishman in the British parliament, who promoted the idea that the area be used to settle people in a debtors' prison. On February 12, 1733, the first settlers landed in the HMS Anne at what was to become the city of Savannah. It lies at a mean elevation of 1,117 feet (340 m) in the heart of the Sonoran Desert. In 1724, it was first suggested that what was by then a British colony be called Province of Georgia in honor of King George II. Phoenix is located at 33°31'42" North, 112°4'35" West (33.528370°, -112.076300°)1 in the Phoenix Valley or "Valley of the Sun" in central Arizona. The conflict between Spain and Britain over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the British, moving south from their Carolina colony in present-day South Carolina met the Spanish moving north from their base in Florida. Thousands of citizens have served on various city committees, boards and commissions to assure that major decisions are in the best interest of the people. The local moundbuilder culture, described by Hernando de Soto in 1540, had completely disappeared by 1560. The hallmark of an All-America City is the extent to which its private citizens get involved in the workings of their government. Early on, a number of Spanish explorers visited the inland region of Georgia, leaving a trail of destruction behind them. Phoenix has been selected four times since 1950 as an All-America City, rare among larger cities. Main article: History of Georgia. The city had 148 miles (238 km) of paved streets and 163 miles (262 km) of unpaved streets, a total of 311 miles (501 km) of streets within the city limits. Navy ships have been named USS Georgia in honor of this state. In 1950, 105,000 people lived within the city limits and thousands more lived in adjacent communities and depended upon Phoenix for their livelihoods. Several U.S. Luke Field, Williams Field and Falcon Field, coupled with the giant ground-training center at Hyder, west of Phoenix, brought thousands of men into Phoenix. The state tree is the Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), the state bird is the brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), and the state flower is the cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata). Phoenix rapidly turned into an embryonic industrial city with mass production of military supplies. Ray Charles sang it on the legislative floor when the bill passed. 1940 marked another turning point, as the war changed Phoenix from a farming center to a distribution center. The state song, Georgia on My Mind by Hoagy Carmichael was originally written about a woman of that name, but after Georgia native Ray Charles sang it, the state legislature voted it the state song. By 1920, Phoenix had a population of 29,053 inhabitants, which by 1930 had grown by 60%, to 48,118. Georgia is also known as the Peach State or Empire State of the South . Phoenix began to grow into a young metropolis. Georgia is one of the fastest growing states in the nation, with an estimated 8,829,383 people in 2004. At its present size of 16,500 acres (67 km2), South Mountain Park is the largest metropolitan park in the world, and it entertains 3 million visitors each year. Georgia's population in 2000 was 8,186,453 (U.S. Census). In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge sold 13,000 acres (53 km²) of South Mountain to the city of Phoenix for $17,000. It was the thirteenth colony and became the fourth state, ratifying the United States Constitution on January 2, 1788. Phoenix was one of the first cities in the United States to have this form of city government. Georgia was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. In 1913, Phoenix changed its form of government from mayor-council to council-manager. postal abbreviation is GA. On February 14, 1912, President William Howard Taft approved Arizona's statehood, making Phoenix the state capital. Georgia is a southern state of the United States and its U.S. It created Roosevelt Lake, expanded irrigation of land in the Valley for farming, and increased the water supply for the growing population. Non-Religious 5%. On May 18, 1911, the Theodore Roosevelt Dam, then the largest masonry dam in the world, began operation. Other Religions 1%. It functions to this day as the major agency for controlled use of irrigation water in the Valley. Other Christian 1%. Valley of the Sun residents were quick to supplement this federal action by organizing the Salt River Valley Waters Users' Association on February 4, 1903, to assure proper management of the precious water supply. Roman Catholic 6%. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the National Reclamation Act making it possible to build dams on western streams for reclamation purposes. Protestant 84%. This building also provided temporary offices for the territorial government when it moved to Phoenix from Prescott in 1889. 1.4% Mixed race. In early 1888, the city offices were moved into the new City Hall, built where the downtown bus terminal now stands. 0.3% American Indian. In recognition of the increased tempo of economic life, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was organized on November 4, 1888. 2.1% Asian. Phoenix became a trade center with its products reaching eastern and western markets. 5.3% Hispanic. Merchandise now flowed into the city by rail instead of wagon. 28.7% Black. The coming of the railroad in the 1880s was the first of several important events that revolutionized the economy of Phoenix. 62.6% White non-Hispanic. Monihon, 127 to 107, to become the city's first Mayor. Interstate 285 (the Perimeter around Atlanta). Alsap defeated James D. Interstate 95. Phoenix was incorporated with a population of approximately 2,500, and on May 3, 1881, Phoenix held its first city election, in which Judge John T. Interstate 85, Interstate 185, Interstate 985. Fremont on February 25, 1881. Interstate 75, Interstate 475, Interstate 575. The 11th Territorial Legislature passed the Phoenix Charter Bill, incorporating Phoenix and providing for a mayor-council government. The bill was signed by Governor John C. Interstate 59, Interstate 24. By 1881, Phoenix had outgrown its original townsite-commissioner form of government. Interstate 20, Interstate 520. The total cost of the Phoenix Townsite of 320 acres (1.3 km2) was $550, including all expenses for services. Interstate 16, Interstate 516. On April 10, 1874, President Grant issued a land patent for the present site of Phoenix. Miss Nellie Shaver, a newcomer from Wisconsin, was appointed as the first female schoolteacher in Phoenix. By October 1873, a small adobe school building was completed on Center Street (now Central Avenue), a short distance north of where the San Carlos Hotel now stands. The first public school in Phoenix opened on September 5, 1872, in the courtroom of the county building. The first county election in Maricopa County was held in 1871, when Tom Barnum was elected the first sheriff of Maricopa County. Maricopa county gave up portions in 1875 and 1881 to help form Pinal and Gila counties, respectively. On February 12, 1871, the territorial legislature created Maricopa County, the sixth in the state, by dividing Yavapai County. They recommended the North 1/2 of section 8 Township 1 N., Range 3 E. and that the town be called Phoenix. The area was surveyed in 1870 and mass meeting of the citizens of Salt River Valley was held on October 20, 1870, to select a suitable piece of unimproved public land for a town site. The Phoenix post office was established June 15, 1868, with Jack Swilling as postmaster. The town of Phoenix was officially recognized on May 4, 1868, when the Board of Supervisors of Yavapai County (which at the time encompassed Phoenix), formed an election precinct there. Darrel Duppa recommended the name Phoenix, memorializing the birth of a new civilization from the ruins left by the Hohokam. As for the town that was to be built, Swilling, a former Confederate soldier, wanted to name it Stonewall, after Stonewall Jackson; others suggested Salina. It would later become Hellinwg Mill, Mill City, then East Phoenix. The area was named Swilling's Mill in his honor. By 1868, he and others from Wickenburg had dug a short canal from the Salt River and founded a small farming colony approximately four miles (6 km) east of the present city (about 22 miles west of Mesa, which was already a city of 1,000 people; and a few miles northwest of a similar farming community at Hayden's Ferry, which would become Tempe). All it needed was water. He saw farmland, predominantly free of rocks, and beyond the reach of heavy frost or snow. He looked down across the expansive Salt River Valley and his eyes caught the rich gleam of the brown, dry soil turned up by the horse's hooves. In 1867, Jack Swilling of Wickenburg stopped to rest his horse at the foot of the north slopes of the White Tank Mountains. Prolonged drought may have destroyed or displaced them; or, they may be the ancestors of the modern Pima Indians who now live on the Salt River and Gila River reservations, or the Tohono O'odham Indians who live in southern Arizona. remains a mystery. 1450 A.D. Their disappearance ca. Their irrigation system comprised some 135 miles (217 km) of canals. They were industrious, enterprising, and imaginative. They also lived in the Pueblo Grande ruins between 700 and 1400 A.D. Their name is derived from the Pima (Akimel O'otham) phrase, Ho Ho Kam, "the people who have gone". They were the first to farm there, building an elaborate canal system that brought water from the Salt River. The earliest settlers in the Valley of the Sun were the Hohokam people, who lived there as early as 300 BC. 'the place is hot') in Navajo (a language spoken in Arizona & New Mexico) and Fiinigis in Western Apache (a language spoken in Arizona). Phoenix is called Hoodzo (lit. It is the county seat of Maricopa County and the principal city of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Phoenix was incorporated on February 5, 1881. Phoenix is the capital, largest city and largest metropolitan area in the state of Arizona, United States. U Turn. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. Used Cars. The Prophecy. Bad Santa. Jerry Maguire. Waiting to Exhale. Raising Arizona. Psycho. The Gauntlet. Chastity (http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/issues/2005-03-17/film/film.html). Modem. Mr. Frank Lloyd Wright, renowned architect. Felicity Willis. Dot Wilkinson. Danny White, former pro football star. Michele Timms. Tovrea. Edward A. Shannon Smith. Ahmed Santos. Axl Rose. Rick Romley, former Maricopa County attorney. Freddie Roach. Dan Quayle, former US Vice President. Naibe Reynoso. Nicole Powell. Sandra Day O'Connor, US Supreme Court Justice. Brandy Norwood. Leslie Nielsen. Stevie Nicks. Arturo Moreno. Phil Mickelson. Alex Kump. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross. Keating Jr. Charles H. Bil Keane. Randy Johnson. Kevin Johnson. Jenna Jameson. Carl Hayden, former US Senator. Gordon Liddy. G. Jesus Gonzalez. Luis Gonzalez. Barry Goldwater, former US Senator and 1964 presidential candidate. Cotton Fitzsimmons. Terri Fields. Louie Espinoza. Milton Erickson. Hugh Downs. John Dillinger. Joe Diaz. Jose Miguel Cotto. Alice Cooper. Jerry Colangelo, founder of Phoenix Suns and Arizona Diamondbacks. Linda Cobb. Michael Carbajal. Glen Campbell. Yori Boy Campas. Michelle Branch. Danny Bonaduce. Erma Bombeck. Charles Barkley, former basketball player for Phoenix Suns. Bruce Babbitt, former governor of Arizona, and US Interior Secretary. Joe Arpaio, sheriff of Maricopa County. The Tradition, PGA Champions Tour. Standard Register Turquoise Classic, LPGA. FBR Open, PGA TOUR. Insight Bowl at Bank One Ballpark. Fiesta Bowl at Arizona State University's Sun Devil Stadium. Sun Devil Stadium, home of the Arizona State Sun Devils. Phoenix International Raceway, Indy Racing League and NASCAR. Manzanita Speedway, sprint car racing. Glendale Arena, home of the Phoenix Coyotes. Firebird International Raceway, boat racing, drag racing, road course. Bank One Ballpark, home of the Arizona Diamondbacks. America West Arena, home of the Phoenix Suns. Arizona Sting, National Lacrosse League (team plays in Glendale). Arizona Rattlers, Arena Football League. Phoenix Roadrunners, ECHL. Phoenix Coyotes, National Hockey League (team plays in Glendale). Phoenix Mercury, Women's National Basketball Association. Phoenix Suns, National Basketball Association. Arizona Cardinals, National Football League (team plays in Tempe, and is building a stadium in Glendale). Arizona Diamondbacks, Major League Baseball. 107.9 - KMLE - Country. 103.9 - KEDJ - Alternative Rock (The Edge). 103.1 - KCDX-FM- 60s-80s album rock (no DJs, no commercials). 101.5 - KZON - Alternative Rock (The Zone). 100.7 - KSLX - Classic Rock. 97.9 - KUPD - Album Rock (98 KUPD). 96.9 - KMXP - Adult Contemporary. 95.5 - KYOT - Smooth Jazz. 93.3 - KDKB - Album Rock - Mesa. 92.7 / 101.1 KNRJ-FM - Dance/Club Music - Payson. 91.5 - KJZZ - Public Radio: News/Talk days; Jazz: M-F eve; Blues: Sun eve. 89.5 - KBAQ - Classical - Phoenix. 1580 - KMIK - Radio Disney - Mesa. 1510 - KFNN - Finance - Fox - Mesa. 1480 - KPHX - Comedy Radio (via satellite) - Phoenix. 1440 - KAZG - Oldies - Scottsdale. 1400 - KSUN - Regional Mexican Music - Phoenix. 1360 - KPXQ - Religious/Talk - Glendale. 1310 - KXAM - Talk - CNN - Mesa. 1280 - KXEG - Christian - Phoenix. 1230 - KOY - Nostalgia - CNN - Clear Channel. 1190 - KMYL - Talk - NBC - Tolleson. 1150 - KCKY - Spanish Christian - Coolidge. 1100 - KFNX - News/Talk - CNN - - Cave Creek. 1060 - KDUS - Sports - Sporting News - Tempe. 1010 - KXXT - Air America Radio - Tolleson. 960 - KKNT - "The Patriot" - News/Talk Radio - Salem Broadcasting. 910 - KGME - Sports - Clear Channel. 860 - KMVP - Sports - ESPN. 740 - KDIR - Spanish talk (Radio Formula network from Mexico) - Phoenix. 710 - KMIA - Spanish News/Talk (Radiovisa network) - Black Canyon City. 620 - KTAR - News/Talk Radio - ABC. 550 - KFYI - Conservative Talk Radio - Fox - Clear Channel. KASW-61 (WB 6, WB). KPPX-51 (PAX 51, PAX). KDRX-48 (Telemundo). KUTP-45 (UPN 45, UPN). KTVW-33 (Univision). KAZT-27 (AZTV 27 Prescott, Independent). KPAZ-21 (Channel 21, TBN). KNXV-15 (ABC 15, ABC). KPNX-12 (Channel 12, NBC). KSAZ-10 (FOX 10, FOX). KAET-8 (Channel 8, PBS). KPHO-5 (CBS 5, CBS). KTVK-3 (3TV, Independent). The Vanguard Group. Wells Fargo. Wal-Mart. UPS. Industries. Trujillo Corp. Southwest Airlines. Safeway. Shamrock Foods Company (Private). Qwest Communications. Pulte Homes, Inc (Owner of Del Webb). Motorola. Kroger (Parent of Fry's Food). Intel. Morgan Chase (Acquired Bank One). J.P. Honeywell International. General Dynamics. Gannett (Arizona Republic). Freescale (Spin-off of Motorola). Dial Corporation (Owned by Henkel KGaA). Cyclone Commerce Inc. Cox Communications. Boeing. Bashas' Inc (Private). Banner Health Systems (Formerly Samaritan Health System). Bank of America. American Express. Amerco Inc (Parent of U-Haul). Albertsons. Viad Corp. U-Haul. Industries. Trujillo Corp. Three-Five Systems Inc. Taser International Inc. Swift Transportation Co. (Goodyear-based Potato Chip maker). Poore Brothers, Inc. Chang's China Bistro, Inc. P.F. Pinnacle West Capital Corp (Parent Company of APS). Phelps Dodge Corporation. Petsmart Inc. Mobile Mini Inc. MicroChip Technology, Inc. Mesa Air Group Inc. Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp. Knight Transportation Inc. JDA Software Group Inc. Inter-Tel Inc. Insight Enterprises Inc. FINOVA group inc. eFUNDS Corp. Discount Tire Co. The Dial Corporation. Cold Stone Creamery. Best Western. Aztar Corp. Avnet, Inc. Arizona Land Income Corp. Apollo Group Inc. Amkor Technology. America West Airlines. Allied Waste Industries Inc. It has had many students with prestigious distinctions. North Canyon High School is located in the north valley and features an International Baccalaureate program. High schools
Paradise Valley. North Mountain. North Gateway. Maryvale. Laveen. Estrella. Encanto. Desert View. Desert Ridge. Deer Valley. Central City. Camelback East. Alhambra. Ahwatukee Foothills. (2000 census). the eighth-fastest growing metropolitan area in the U.S. (including Washington, DC). the largest capital city by area and population in the U.S. the 14th largest metropolitan area of the United States, with a population of 3,251,876 (2000 census). the sixth-largest city in the U.S., with a population of 1,321,045 (as of the 2000 census); however, according to a 2004 US Census estimation, Phoenix is now the fifth-largest city, surpassing Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 1.5 million people. |