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General Motors

General Motors Corporation NYSE: GM, also known as GM, is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Vauxhall.

Chevrolet and GMC divisions produce trucks, as well as passenger vehicles. Other brands include ACDelco, Allison Transmission, and General Motors Electro-Motive Division that produces diesel-electric locomotives. GM also has stakes in Isuzu, Subaru, and Suzuki in Japan and a joint venture with AutoVAZ (Lada) in Russia. In December 2003, it acquired Delta in South Africa, in which it had taken a 45 percent stake in 1997, and which is now a fully-owned subsidiary, General Motors South Africa.

GM's headquarters are in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan.

General Motors is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer and employs over 340,000 people. In 2001, GM sold 8.5 million vehicles through all its branches. In 2002, GM sold 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world. They also owned Electronic Data Systems from 1984 to 1996 and, prior to selling it to News Corporation, DirecTV. GM owned Frigidaire from 1918 to 1979.

The current chairman (since May 1, 2003) and chief executive officer (since June 1, 2000) is Rick Wagoner, succeeding John F. Smith, Jr.

History

Albert Kahn's General Motors Building, 3044 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI

General Motors was founded in 1908 as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, and Oakland.

During the 1920s and 1930s General Motors bought out the bus company Yellow Coach, helped create Greyhound bus lines, replaced intercity train transport with buses, and established subsidiary companies to buy out streetcar companies and replace the rail-based services with buses. GM formed United Cities Motor Transit, in 1932. See General Motors streetcar conspiracy for additional details.

General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. Over the next twenty years diesel-powered locomotives and trains, the majority built by GM, largely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads.

On December 31, 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to make over one billion dollars in a year.

After GM's massive layoffs hit Flint, Michigan, in the 1980s, budding documentary filmmaker and Flint native Michael Moore focused on the company and its chairman and CEO at the time, Roger B. Smith, in his first big hit, Roger & Me.

A strike began at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan on June 5, 1998, that quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks.

At one point it was the largest corporation in the United States ever, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP. In 1953 Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. When he was asked, during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation "because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." Later this statement was often garbled when quoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, "What's good for General Motors is good for the country." At the time, GM was the one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people.

In May 2005, Standard & Poor's downgraded GM's credit rating to junk bond status. See below under financial woes.

On April 4, 2005 General Motors Corp. sold is Electro-Motive Division to Greenbriar Equity Group LLC and Berkshire Partners.


General Motors Hughes Electronics

Hughes Electronics was formed in 1985 when Hughes Aircraft was sold by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to General Motors for US$5 billion. General Motors merged Hughes Aircraft with its Delco Electronics unit to form GM Hughes Electronics (GMHE). The group then consisted of:

  • Hughes Aircraft
  • Delco Electronics
  • Hughes Space and Communications
  • Hughes Network Systems

In August 1992 GM Hughes Electronics purchased General Dynamics' Missile Systems business. In 1994 Hughes Electronics introduced DirecTV, the world's first high-powered direct broadcast satellite service. In 1995 Hughes Electronic's Hughes Space and Communications division became the largest supplier of commercial satellites. Also in 1995 the group purchased Magnavox Electronic Systems from the Carlyle Group. In 1996 Hughes Electronics and PanAmSat agree to merge their fixed satellite services into a new publicly held company, also called PanAmSat with GM Hughes Electronics as majority shareholder.

In 1997 GM transferred Delco Electronics to its Delphi Automotive Systems business. Late in the year the defense operations of Hughes Electronics (Hughes Aircraft and missile business) were merged with Raytheon.

Hughes Space and Communications remained independent until 2000, when it was purchased by Boeing and became Boeing Satellite Systems.

In 2000 the remaining parts of Hughes Electronics: DirecTV, DirecTV Latin America, PanAmSat and Hughes Network Systems were purchased by NewsCorp and renamed The DirecTV Group. Newscorp sold PanAmSat to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) in August 2004.

Social policies

General Motors was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

It has the highest health care and labour costs in the industry, and some analysts have criticized the company for this.

Subsidies

In March 2005, the Government of Canada "gave C$200 million to General Motors for its Ontario plants, and last fall it awarded C$100 million to Ford Motor Co. to expand their Canadian auto production, provide jobs and contribute to the economy", according to Jim Harris (politician).

Financial woes

In April 2005, General Motors posted a US$1.1-billion loss, for the first quarter of that year. Its debt was downgraded to junk bond status. It announced plans to cut 25,000 jobs in the United States. It did not announce any job cuts in Canada:

For the first time ever in 2004, the total number of cars produced by all makers in Ontario exceeded those produced in Michigan. GM officials cited profitability of their Oshawa, Ontario plant in refusing to distribute the job losses.

The anger was obvious at the shareholder meeting. Explanations were not long in coming. While the company pleaded its high health care costs, amounting to US$1500 per vehicle on average (a veiled excuse to move jobs to Canada where health insurance is public), others blamed the product line.

Green Party of Canada leader Jim Harris (politician) was quoted in an article in the Montreal Gazette in claimed that "high oil prices have led consumers to demand more fuel-efficient cars, which also claimed that "Ford and General Motors's core profitability comes from gas-guzzling SUVs and trucks," and that accordingly their problems could be blamed on a failure to build hybrid vehicles.

General Motors competes with foreign automobile companies such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan, all of which have non-union automobile production plants in the United States. These companies have a significantly lower compensation cost per employee at their U.S. plants than General Motors does at its U.S. plants. Toyota and Honda have also introduced gasoline/electric or diesel/electric hybrid vehicles into their product mix whereas, as of July of 2005, General Motors has not. Starting with the 2007 model year Chevrolet Tahoe GM will introduce a two-mode Hybrid system. The two-mode system offers better fuel economy and towing ability than the one-mode system found in Toyota, Ford and Honda vehicles. GM and DaimlerChrysler Joined Forces to Develop the two mode Full Hybrid Propulsion System.

The Hydrogen Solution

General Motors has recently recovered from their losses suffered from their proposed battery technology and has invested over US$1.1 billion dollars into developing and researching hydrogen fuel cells. They plan to slowly convert the infrastructure from an oil based one to a oil-hydrogen based to a purely hydrogen based. Their first hydrogen vehicles are slated to be released by 2010. Hydrogen can be obtained by splitting water molecules and it produces no harmfull emissions, merely water vapour. However hydrogen is not a source of energy, but a storage and transmission medium. The energy to split hydrogen from water must come from some other source: oil, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, etc. See hydrogen economy. The first hydrogen pumps are being tested out at various Royal Dutch/Shell stations across Northern California

Related topics

  • General Motors streetcar conspiracy
  • List of GM platforms
  • List of GM engines
  • List of GM VIN codes
  • GM vehicles by brand
  • EPA 2004 fuel economy report (General Motors)
  • GM Acceptance Corp

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The first hydrogen pumps are being tested out at various Royal Dutch/Shell stations across Northern California.
Source: http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/ir/stockinfo/e/index.html (As of 31 Sep 2004). See hydrogen economy. Capital Guardian Trust Company 0.82%. The energy to split hydrogen from water must come from some other source: oil, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, etc. 0.88%. However hydrogen is not a source of energy, but a storage and transmission medium. Morgan Securities, Ltd.

Hydrogen can be obtained by splitting water molecules and it produces no harmfull emissions, merely water vapour. J.P. Their first hydrogen vehicles are slated to be released by 2010. (Holder in Trust) 0.93%. They plan to slowly convert the infrastructure from an oil based one to a oil-hydrogen based to a purely hydrogen based. The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. General Motors has recently recovered from their losses suffered from their proposed battery technology and has invested over US$1.1 billion dollars into developing and researching hydrogen fuel cells. 0.97%.

GM and DaimlerChrysler Joined Forces to Develop the two mode Full Hybrid Propulsion System. Morgan Whitefriars Inc. The two-mode system offers better fuel economy and towing ability than the one-mode system found in Toyota, Ford and Honda vehicles. J.P. Starting with the 2007 model year Chevrolet Tahoe GM will introduce a two-mode Hybrid system. The Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation 1.45%. Toyota and Honda have also introduced gasoline/electric or diesel/electric hybrid vehicles into their product mix whereas, as of July of 2005, General Motors has not. 1.63%.

plants. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. plants than General Motors does at its U.S. DaimlerChrysler MMC Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH 1.83%. These companies have a significantly lower compensation cost per employee at their U.S. 1.89%. General Motors competes with foreign automobile companies such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan, all of which have non-union automobile production plants in the United States. Phoenix Capital Partners III Co., Ltd.

Green Party of Canada leader Jim Harris (politician) was quoted in an article in the Montreal Gazette in claimed that "high oil prices have led consumers to demand more fuel-efficient cars, which also claimed that "Ford and General Motors's core profitability comes from gas-guzzling SUVs and trucks," and that accordingly their problems could be blamed on a failure to build hybrid vehicles. Morgan Whitefriars Equity Derivative 2.22%. While the company pleaded its high health care costs, amounting to US$1500 per vehicle on average (a veiled excuse to move jobs to Canada where health insurance is public), others blamed the product line. Japan Securities Finance Co., Ltd 2.85%. Explanations were not long in coming. Mitsubishi Corporation 2.92%. The anger was obvious at the shareholder meeting. 5.67%.

GM officials cited profitability of their Oshawa, Ontario plant in refusing to distribute the job losses. Phoenix Capital Partners II Co., Ltd. For the first time ever in 2004, the total number of cars produced by all makers in Ontario exceeded those produced in Michigan. 8.30 %. It did not announce any job cuts in Canada:. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. It announced plans to cut 25,000 jobs in the United States. 9.06%.

Its debt was downgraded to junk bond status. Phoenix Capital Partners IV Co., Ltd. In April 2005, General Motors posted a US$1.1-billion loss, for the first quarter of that year. 11.33%. to expand their Canadian auto production, provide jobs and contribute to the economy", according to Jim Harris (politician). Phoenix Capital Partners I Co., Ltd. In March 2005, the Government of Canada "gave C$200 million to General Motors for its Ontario plants, and last fall it awarded C$100 million to Ford Motor Co. DaimlerChrysler AG 18.88%.

It has the highest health care and labour costs in the industry, and some analysts have criticized the company for this. The car has been well-received in the press and by the public, but its staying power and implications for the company as a whole remain to be seen. General Motors was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine. These rumors proved unfounded, as evidenced by the debut of a fourth-generation Eclipse. (KKR) in August 2004. In January 2005, there were rumours that Mitsubishi might withdraw from the United States. Newscorp sold PanAmSat to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. At this point however, this plan has not been put into action.

In 2000 the remaining parts of Hughes Electronics: DirecTV, DirecTV Latin America, PanAmSat and Hughes Network Systems were purchased by NewsCorp and renamed The DirecTV Group. Currently, Phoenix Capital has announced intentions to purchase a larger percent of Mitsubishi stock and turn the company into an exclusive manufacturer of sports cars and trucks/SUVs. Hughes Space and Communications remained independent until 2000, when it was purchased by Boeing and became Boeing Satellite Systems. With the introduction of a newer Lancer that figure may increase. Late in the year the defense operations of Hughes Electronics (Hughes Aircraft and missile business) were merged with Raytheon. While Russia is still a developing market, Mitsubishi's sales there have already exceeded previous-year sales, and 2005 sales are expected to increase over 70%. In 1997 GM transferred Delco Electronics to its Delphi Automotive Systems business. Despite this trend is Mitsubishi has seen remarkable growth in Russia.

In 1996 Hughes Electronics and PanAmSat agree to merge their fixed satellite services into a new publicly held company, also called PanAmSat with GM Hughes Electronics as majority shareholder. Similarly, the launch of a new Galant, sold in the US from 2003, was staged over years rather than months, and as of mid-2005 it still has not replaced the mid-1990s model in many nations. Also in 1995 the group purchased Magnavox Electronic Systems from the Carlyle Group. Until then, MMC's Thai plant was still producing its predecessor for both domestic and export markets. In 1995 Hughes Electronic's Hughes Space and Communications division became the largest supplier of commercial satellites. Although a new Lancer (Lancer Cedia) was available in Japan and the US from around 2000, it failed to introduce this model in many other nations until 2004. In 1994 Hughes Electronics introduced DirecTV, the world's first high-powered direct broadcast satellite service. In other countries, MMC's product launches have been absymal.

In August 1992 GM Hughes Electronics purchased General Dynamics' Missile Systems business. Mitsubishi has also been active in OEM production of cars for Nissan, and has just (July 2005) announced a partnership with PSA Peugeot Citroën to manufacture an SUV. The group then consisted of:. It will, however, get a version of the Dodge Dakota pickup truck, and will continue work with DC on future small cars. General Motors merged Hughes Aircraft with its Delco Electronics unit to form GM Hughes Electronics (GMHE). In August, 2004, Mitsubishi announced that it would not continue with a plan to have DaimlerChrysler produce a minivan for it. Hughes Electronics was formed in 1985 when Hughes Aircraft was sold by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to General Motors for US$5 billion. In July, 2004, Mitsubishi announced that it would immediately cancel the slow-selling Diamante, Lancer Sportback station wagon, Montero Sport, and (in 2005) the Montero in the US market, and would scale back purchase projections for the Mitsubishi/Hyundai/Chrysler Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance engines.


. At the end of the 3rd qurater, the half year result between April to Sept 2004 showed the company suffered net loss of over 146 billion yen during the period. sold is Electro-Motive Division to Greenbriar Equity Group LLC and Berkshire Partners. The announcement followed by massive recalls of over half a million vehicle. On April 4, 2005 General Motors Corp. By that time, the company had $9 billion debt, with $1.9 billion loss in for the fiscal year ended March 31. See below under financial woes.. Among the 30 defects, 4 had publicized in 2000.

In May 2005, Standard & Poor's downgraded GM's credit rating to junk bond status. In June, 2004, Mitsubishi Motors admitted it had systematically covered up auto defects for 25 years. When he was asked, during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation "because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." Later this statement was often garbled when quoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, "What's good for General Motors is good for the country." At the time, GM was the one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people. However, the company showed marginal year-on-year improvement as of June 2005, indicating that the company's slump may be bottoming out, or even a possible return to form. In 1953 Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. Mitsubishi's sales in the important US market dropped more than 45 per cent between 2003 and 2004, and the company has fallen behind Mazda in terms of total US sales. At one point it was the largest corporation in the United States ever, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP. DaimlerChrysler has refused to buy more Mitsubishi stock than it already has, and the company is scrambling to develop more cars to both retake the youth market and compete in the mainstream market against companies such as Toyota and Honda.

A strike began at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan on June 5, 1998, that quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks. Mitsubishi is also facing accusations of actively searching for the names of drivers who race their Lancer Evolutions in order to void their warranties (car companies usually void warranties if they find out the customer has raced the vehicle, legitimately or not). Smith, in his first big hit, Roger & Me. Mitsubishi Motor's parent company is dealing with multiple controversies over unfair business practices, the quality of its products, and the mistreatment of employees (for more details, see Mitsubishi article). After GM's massive layoffs hit Flint, Michigan, in the 1980s, budding documentary filmmaker and Flint native Michael Moore focused on the company and its chairman and CEO at the time, Roger B. Ironically, the US youth market aided in the company's economic misfortunes because young buyers would default on their car loans, especially on expensive sports cars like the Eclipse and GTO. On December 31, 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to make over one billion dollars in a year. With the exception of the Lancer Evolution rally homologation car and Endeavor SUV, sales have dropped drastically, especially in the critical US 18–35 youth market the company once had a hold of.

Over the next twenty years diesel-powered locomotives and trains, the majority built by GM, largely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads. Mitsubishi has recently fallen on hard economic times. General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. Mitsubishi has also exported car platform designs and manufacturing know-how to Hyundai in South Korea and Proton in Malaysia. See General Motors streetcar conspiracy for additional details.. In the late 1980s, the Eagle brand was used for some Mitsubishi products in the US. GM formed United Cities Motor Transit, in 1932. In some countries, Colt was used as the marque.

During the 1920s and 1930s General Motors bought out the bus company Yellow Coach, helped create Greyhound bus lines, replaced intercity train transport with buses, and established subsidiary companies to buy out streetcar companies and replace the rail-based services with buses. Many of Mitsubishi's early exports bore Chrysler brands such as Chrysler Valiant (in Australia), Dodge and Plymouth. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, and Oakland. That began changing in the United States in 1982. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. For many years, Mitsubishi did not sell in North America under its own brand. General Motors was founded in 1908 as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Some Chrysler cars use Mitsubishi componentry, but have been gravitating toward more use of Mercedes-Benz componentry, which is considered superior.

. Mitsubishi has been engaged in a long-term venture with Chrysler (now DaimlerChrysler), assembling a series of cars and trucks for Chrysler brands since the 1970s. Smith, Jr. . The current chairman (since May 1, 2003) and chief executive officer (since June 1, 2000) is Rick Wagoner, succeeding John F. Mitsubishis are manufactured globally and exported into most major markets, including the Far East, Europe, and the U.S.. GM owned Frigidaire from 1918 to 1979. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (in Japanese: 三菱自動車工業株式会社, in romaji Mitsubishi Jidōsha Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha) (TYO: 7211) is a Japanese automobile company, manufacturing an extensive range of cars and trucks (see Fuso).

They also owned Electronic Data Systems from 1984 to 1996 and, prior to selling it to News Corporation, DirecTV. Gas Engine. In 2002, GM sold 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world. Diesel Engine (plus to Industrial Engine). In 2001, GM sold 8.5 million vehicles through all its branches. Gasoline Engine. General Motors is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer and employs over 340,000 people. Mitsubishi Tredia (1982 - 1990).

GM's headquarters are in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan. Mitsubishi Strada (1991 - Current). In December 2003, it acquired Delta in South Africa, in which it had taken a 45 percent stake in 1997, and which is now a fully-owned subsidiary, General Motors South Africa. Mitsubishi Starion (1982 - 1990). GM also has stakes in Isuzu, Subaru, and Suzuki in Japan and a joint venture with AutoVAZ (Lada) in Russia. Mitsubishi Space Star & Expo, Chariot (from Hyundai Santamo, Kia Carstar and Plymouth Colt Vista, Eagle Summit Van Wagon). Other brands include ACDelco, Allison Transmission, and General Motors Electro-Motive Division that produces diesel-electric locomotives. Mitsubishi Space gear (from Hyundai Starex, 1994 - Current).

Chevrolet and GMC divisions produce trucks, as well as passenger vehicles. Mitsubishi Sapporo (from, Plymouth Sapporo, 1976 - 1983). General Motors Corporation NYSE: GM, also known as GM, is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Vauxhall. Mitsubishi RVR (1991 - Current). GM Acceptance Corp. Mitsubishi Raider (2005 - Current). EPA 2004 fuel economy report (General Motors). Mitsubishi Proudia (from Hyundai Equus, 1997 - 2004).

GM vehicles by brand. Mitsubishi Precis (from Hyundai Excel, 1986 - 1994). List of GM VIN codes. Mitsubishi Pajero Mini (1994 - Current). List of GM engines. Mitsubishi Pajero Sport/Montero Sport/Challenger (1996 - 2004). List of GM platforms. Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero (from Hyundai Galloper, 1982 - Current).

General Motors streetcar conspiracy. Mitsubishi Outlander (2003 - Current). Hughes Network Systems. Mitsubishi Nimbus (1983 - Current). Hughes Space and Communications. Mitsubishi Mirage (1978 - 2001). Delco Electronics. Mitsubishi Minicab (1966 - Current).

Hughes Aircraft. Mitsubishi Minica (1962 - Current). Mitsubishi Mighty Max (1982 - 1996). Mitsubishi Magna. Mitsubishi L200 (1987 - Current).

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution (1992 - Current). Mitsubishi Lancer (1973 - Current). Mitsubishi GTO (1990 - 1998). Mitsubishi Grandis.

Mitsubishi Galant (from also USA & Canada manufacturing make to 1982, 1969 - Current). Mitsubishi FTO (1994 - 2000). Mitsubishi Forte (1970 - 1986). Mitsubishi Endeavor (2004 - Current).

Mitsubishi eK (a Keicar). Mitsubishi Eclipse (1989 - Current). Mitsubishi Dion (2000 - Current). Mitsubishi Diamante (1990 - 2004).

Mitsubishi Delica & Wagon Van, Colt Van (from Hyundai Grace and Hyundai Porter, 1968 - Current). Mitsubishi Debonair (from Hyundai Grandeur, 1964 - 1999). Mitsubishi Colt (from Dodge Colt and Plymouth Champ, 1965 - 1994). Mitsubishi Cordia (1982 - 1990).

Mitsubishi Carisma (1995 - Current). Mitsubishi Airtrek (2001 - Current). Stuttgart Germany, London UK and Other Europe manufacturing systems. In Europe

    .

    Tonsley Park, Adelaide Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited. In Australia

      . also to Canada manufacturing systems.(formerly shared with DaimlerChrysler, but no longer as of January 2005). Normal, Illinois Passenger Car, Recration Vehicle and Commercial Vehicle(Truck) manufacturer.

      In the USA

        . Shiga 滋賀 (Shiga). Kyoto 京都 (Kyoto). Mizushima 水島 (Okayama).

        Okazaki 岡崎 and Oe 大江 (Nagoya) (Aichi). In Japan

          . Cypress (California (USA)) Design. Illinois (USA) Research.

          Trebur (Hessen (Germany)) Research. Worldwide

            . Tama 多摩 (Tokyo) Design. Shinagawa 品川 and Tamachi 田町 (Tokyo) Headquarters.

            In Japan

              .