Flower

The Greek goddess of spring, flowers and nature is Chloris. There are many other stories with girls as protagonists in the Shōjo style of manga, which is targeted to girls as an audience. The Roman goddess of flowers, gardens, and the season of Spring is Flora. Most of the animated films of Hayao Miyazaki feature a young girl as the hero, as in Majo no takkyūbin (Kiki's Delivery Service). Ah, Sun-flower weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the Sun,
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveller's journey is done:

Where the Youth pined away with desire,
And the pale Virgin shrouded in snow
Arise from their graves, and aspire
Where my Sun-flower wishes to go. In Japanese manga and anime, girls are often protagonists. Famous examples include and William Wordsworth's I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and William Blake's Ah! Sun-Flower:. Franco-Belgian comics with girls in a central role include Isabelle (by Will) and Sophie (by Jidéhem).

The great variety of delicate and beautiful flowers has inspired the works of many poets, especially from the Romantic era. The most famous Flemish comic strip is Spike and Suzy (Suske and Wiske), about the adventures of a boy and a girl (each about 10 years old); it was translated from Flemish into French and English. Main and related articles at: Gardening, Horticulture, List of flowers, and Floristry. In the Peanuts series (by Charles Schulz), girl characters include Peppermint Patty, Lucy van Pelt, and Sally Brown. Instead the allergen is usually the pollen of the contemporary bloom of anemophilous ragweed (Ambrosia) which can drift for many kilometers. In superhero comic books, an early girl character was Etta Candy, one of Wonder Woman's sidekicks. For example the showy and entomophilous goldenrod (Solidago) is frequently blamed for respiratory allergies, of which it is innocent, since its pollen cannot be airborne. There have been many American comic books and comic strips featuring a girl as the main character, such as Little Lulu, Little Orphan Annie, Girl Genius, and Amelia Rules.

There is much confusion about the role of flowers in allergies. Books which have both boy and girl protagonists tend to focus on the boys, but important girl characters appear in Knight's Castle, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Book of Three, and the Harry Potter series (by Book 6, Harry Potter's social circle includes 1 boy and 2 girls, although newcomer Ginny still isn't let into secrets like Ron and Hermione are). Honeybees and bumblebees actively gather anemophilous corn (maize) pollen, though it is of little value to them. Children's books about girls include Little House on the Prairie, Eloise, Pippi Longstocking, Dragonsong, and A Wrinkle in Time. Whereas the pollen of entomophilous flowers tends to be large grained, sticky, and contain significant protein (another "reward" for pollinators), Anemophilous flower pollen is usually small grained, very light, and of little nutritional value to insects, though it may still be gathered, in times of dearth. European fairy tales include some memorable stories about girls, including Goldilocks and the Three Bears; Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Match Girl, The Little Mermaid, and The Princess and the Pea; the Brothers Grimm's Little Red Riding Hood; and others. Wind pollinated flowers are referred to as anemophilous. Most early children's stories focused on boys, with the notable exception of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll, whose photographs of little girls are part of the history of photographic art.
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Other flowers are pollinated by the wind, and the flowers of these species (for example, grasses) have no need to attract pollinators and therefore tend not to be "showy". Other novels include Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, which has a young girl as protagonist; and Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita, about a girl subjected to sexual abuse. Some plants, such as Rafflesia, the titan arum, and the North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) are pollinated by flies, so produce a scent imitating rotting meat. Examples include Jane Eyre, who suffers ill treatment; and Natasha in War and Peace, who is sentimentalized. Flower scent is not always pleasant to our sense of smell. Many novels begin with the childhood of their heroine. In gathering nectar from many flowers of the same species, the pollinators transfer pollen between all of the flowers it visits. As in art, portrayals of girls in literature can reflect the social norms of the time at which they were written.

Bees and birds are common pollinators: both have color vision, thus selecting for "colorful" flowers. Only Sappho's poetry includes love poems addressed to girls. Flowers commonly have glands called nectaries on their various parts that attract these animals. Ancient Greek classical art and literature paid scant attention to female children, though there are many poems about boys. Flowers that are insect pollinated are called entomophilous (literally "insect loving"). Egyptian murals included sympathetic portraits of young girls of royal descent. Many flowers in nature have evolved to attract animals to pollinate the flower, the movements of the pollinating agent contributing to the opportunity for genetic recombinations within a dispersed plant population. Portrayals of girls may reflect their standing in the artists' culture, and a brief overview of different views of girls in different art periods gives a sense of girls' roles in societies around the world and at different points in time.

The period of time during which this process can take place (the flower is fully expanded and functional) is called anthesis. The slang word "gal", as in "Buffalo gals won't you come out tonight", is a variant pronunciation of girl. Others rely on animals (especially insects) to accomplish this feat. The word girl has many synonyms, including "belle", "chick", "doll", "gal", "lass" or "lassie", "maiden", and "miss". Many flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species. While outsiders might use "girl" or "girly" as a pejorative to refer to a gay male, within the gay community it is used as a term of endearment. The process is termed pollination. Calling a male a girl often serves as a provocation to fight (see fighting words).

The function of a flower is to mediate the union of male and female gametes. The more insulting "girly-boy", which originated in 1589 as "girle-boy", is used to indicate a weak or "sissy" male. Several other symbols are used that will have to await drawings to illustrate here (see [1]). Using the word "girl" to refer to a male is usually meant as insulting, such as "You throw like a girl". A floral formula would appear something like this:. The term "young woman" is sometimes used in the period between childhood and full adulthood. x - to represent a "variable number"
∞ - to represent "many"
. In modern usage, "girl" is properly restricted to mean a human female who has not reached adulthood, and some would restrict the usage to prepubescent girls.

Ca⁵ = 5 sepals)
Co = corolla (petal whorl; e.g., Co^3(x) = petals some multiple of three )
    Z = add if zygomorphic (e.g., CoZ⁶ = zygomorphic with 6 petals)
A = androecium (whorl of stamens; e.g., A^∞ = many stamens)
G = gynoecium (carpel or carpels; e.g., G¹ = monocarpous)
. There is a parallel objection to use of the word "boy" to describe a male over the age of puberty. Ca = calyx (sepal whorl; e.g. With the rise of feminism, the use of "girl" applied to any adult female became offensive to many, especially given the fact that the word was so often used to indicate low social status, low morals, weakness, or homosexuality. The following representations are used:. But social shifts generally permit only the female gender group themselves to use such terminology without giving offence. Typically, a general formula will be used to represent the flower structure of a plant family rather than a particular species. Adult women will sometimes refer to themselves as "girls", as in "We're having a girls' night out" or "It's a girl thing".

A floral formula is a way to represent the structure of a flower using specific letters, numbers, and symbols. A woman of a certain age might be called a girl to suggest that she looked younger than she was, or a group of women might speak of themselves as "us girls", though all were well over the age of maidenhood. Each small flower may be anatomically as described above. In America today, the word "girl" is often used as an intended compliment or used humorously. In botanical terminology, a single daisy or sunflower for example, is not a flower but a flower head—an inflorescence comprised of numerous small flowers (sometimes called florets). In England, the word "girl" was also used as a euphemism for "prostitute", as for example by Richard Steele in The Spectator. In this sense, care must be exercised in considering what is a flower. In England, a "girl" was often a serving girl, while in America a "girl" was often a sweetheart or "girlfriend", for example, in the lyrics of the popular song "The Girl I Left Behind Me".

In those species that have more than one flower on an axis, the collection of flowers is termed an inflorescence. By the 1700s, there was a difference in some uses of the word between England and the Americas. Additional discussions on floral modifications from the basic plan are presented in the articles on each of the basic parts of the flower. Note the parallel shift in the meaning of the word "maid". The latter flower types, which have chemical barriers to their own pollen, are referred to as self-sterile or self-incompatible (see also: Plant sexuality). In 1668, in his Diary, Samuel Pepys uses the word to mean a female servant of any age: "girl" = "serving girl". Unisexual male and female flowers on the same plant may not appear at the same time, or pollen from the same plant may be incapable of fertilizing its ovules. Within little more than a century, however, the word began to take on implications of social class.

Conversely, many species of plants have ways of preventing self-fertilization. There are manuscripts dating from 1530 in which the word "girl" is used to mean "maiden" (also originally applied to both genders), or any unmarried human female. The extreme case of self-fertilization occurs in flowers that always self-fertilize, such as the common dandelion. Like many other words that originally were not gender specific, "girl" gradually came to be used primarily and then exclusively for one gender. Some flowers with both stamens and a pistil are capable of self-fertilization, which does increase the chance of producing seeds but limits genetic variation. A male child was called a "Knave girl"; a female child was called a "gay girl". However, where unisexual male and female flowers appear on the same plant, the species is considered monoecious. While there is no general agreement about the etymology of "girl", it is found in manuscripts dating from 1290 with the meaning "a child" (of either gender).

In the latter case, if an individual plant is either male or female the species is regarded as dioecious. The Anglo-Saxon word gyrela = "ornament" may have given rise to the modern pronunciation of "girl", if the change in meaning can be explained. However, in some species of plants the flowers are imperfect or unisexual: having only either male (stamens) or female (pistil) parts. The word "girl" first appears during the Middle Ages. These flowers are described by botanists as being perfect, bisexual, or hermaphrodite. Relatively few girls become engineers, though in the USA, more do become doctors. In the majority of species, individual flowers have both pistils and stamens as described above. However, their choices afterwards in postsecondary school are often very different and lead them to less socially recognized professions.

The number of carpels in a compound pistil may be only two, or otherwise not related to the above generalization for monocots and dicots. Several studies, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment of the OECD, have shown that, in developed countries, girls usually obtain better scores than boys do in secondary schools in Literature and Language, boys on the other hand tend to score higher in mathematics. For example, the two subclasses of flowering plants may be distinguished by the number of floral organs in each whorl: dicotyledons typically having 4 or 5 organs (or a multiple of 4 or 5) in each whorl and monocotyledons having three or some multiple of three. This conflict is often called nature versus nurture. These modifications have significance in the evolution of flowering plants and are used extensively by botanists to establish relationships among plant species. Some feminists deny this, but many feminists agree that both biology and upbringing have an influence on gender roles, with the question being the relative importance of each. Although the floral structure described above is considered the "typical" structural plan, plant species show a wide variety of modifications from this plan. The biological viewpoint of gender roles is not that all gender distinctions result from biology, but rather that biology has an influence.

The four main parts or whorls (starting from the base of the flower or lowest node and working upwards) are as follows:. Due to the influence of (among others) Simone de Beauvoir's feminist works and Michel Foucault's reflections on sexuality, the idea that gender was unrelated to sex gained ground during the 1980s, especially in sociology and cultural anthropology. The parts of a flower are arranged in whorls on the torus. On the other hand, feminists have argued that gender roles are the result of stereotypes and socialization rather than any innate biological differences. The stem is called a pedicel, the end of which is the torus or receptacle. Simon Baron-Cohen, a Cambridge University professor of psychology and psychiatry, argues that "the female brain is predominantly hard-wired for empathy, while the male brain is predominantly hard-wired for understanding and building systems.". In essence, a flower structure forms on a modified shoot or axis with an apical meristem that does not grow continuously (growth is determinate). For example, the need to take care of offspring may have limited the females' freedom to hunt and to assume positions of power.

A flower is regarded as a modified stem (Eames, 1961) with shortened internodes and bearing, at its nodes, structures that may be highly modified leaves. The idea that differences in gender roles originate in differences in biology originates from 19th-century anthropology; more recently, sociobiology and evolutionary psychology have turned to this problem to explain those differences by treating them as evolutionary adaptations to a lifestyle of Paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies. Flowering plants are heterosporangiate (producing two types of reproductive spores) and the pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs, but these are together in a bisporangiate strobilus that is the typical flower. The reasons for this perceived difference in the behavior of girls and boys are a controversial topic in both public debate and the sciences. . Girls, as a group, may be perceived as being more docile than boys, and as being less capable of rational decision making and more governed by emotional responses. After fertilization, portions of the flower develop into a fruit containing the seeds. Sometimes boys are presumed to be more responsible than girls, except in the cases of caring for younger children, which is sometimes thought to be instinctual in girls.

For the higher plants, seeds are the next generation, and serve as the primary means by which individuals of a species are dispersed across the landscape. Girls are less often encouraged to pursue sports, with the exception of those that might be considered "feminine," such as figure skating or gymnastics; or those considered "gender-neutral," such as tennis.^[1] They may be prevented from participating in many of the same activities that boys participate in at the same age, as a matter of protecting them from perceived outside dangers, such as boys and men, or anything that may cause physical injury. The flower structure contains the plant's reproductive organs, and its function is to produce seeds through sexual reproduction. Girls have traditionally been associated with playing with dolls and toy cooking and cleaning equipment, while boys have been associated with toys and games that require more physical activity or simulated violence, such as toy trucks, balls, and toy guns. A flower (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). In almost all cultures, girls have been socialized into gender roles. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. This disparity is targeted to end under the Millennium Development Goals and has closed substantially since 1990.^ .

Morphology of the Angiosperms. 65%). 1961. 74% for boys) or secondary education (59% vs. J. Although the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights specifies that "primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all", girls are slightly less likely to be enrolled as students in primary (70% enrollment vs. Eames, A. From birth, girls are a slight minority due to both natural factors (the human sex ratio has been observed since the 1700s as approximately 1,050 boys for every 1,000 girls) and due to sex selection on the part of parents.

Daisies are a symbol of innocence. UNICEF, 2004) aged 18 or under in the world, for a total of more than one billion living girls. It is also assosiated with stars (sun) and its petals blooming/shining. There are 2.18 billion people (est. Irises/Lily are used in burials as a symbol refering to "resurection/life". . In the UK, Australia and Canada, red poppies are worn to commemorate soldiers who have died in times of war. Images of girls in art, literature, and popular culture often demonstrate assumptions about gender roles.

Poppies are a symbol of consolation in time of death. An ongoing debate about the influences of nature versus nurture in shaping the behavior of girls and boys raises questions about whether the roles played by girls are the result of inborn differences or socialization. Red roses are given as a symbol of love, beauty, and passion. Historically, girls faced discrimination and limitations on the roles they were expected to play in their societies, and the United Nations targeted discrimination in schooling to end by 2010. For funeral flowers and flowers for the grieving. Usage in the sense of (romantic) "sweetheart" arose in the 17th century. As a gift of remembrance for bon voyage parties, welcome home parties, and "thinking of you" gifts. Subsequently, it was extended to refer also to mature but unmarried young women since the 1530s.

As brightening decorations within the home. During the 14th century its sense was narrowed to specifically female children. For wedding flowers for the bridal party, and decorations for the hall. The English word from 1290 designated a child of either sex. As a corsage or boutonniere to be worn at social functions or for holidays. The age at which a female person transitions from girl to woman varies in different societies, typically the transition from adolescence to maturity is taken to occur in the late teens. For new births or Christenings Lilium hybrid "Stargazer" is extremely fragrant. . A girl is a young female human, as opposed to a boy, a young male human.

The supportive stalk, the style becomes the pathway for pollen tubes to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma, to the ovules, carrying the reproductive material. The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen. A pistil may consist of a number of carpels merged together, in which case there is only one pistil to each flower, or of a single individual carpel (the flower is then called apocarpous). The female reproductive organ is the carpel: this contains an ovary with ovules (female gametes).

gynoecium (from Greek gynaikos oikia: woman's house) – one or more pistils. Pollen contains the male gametes. androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house) – one or two whorls of stamens, each a filament topped by an anther where pollen is produced. corolla – the whorl of petals, which are usually thin, soft and colored to attract insects that help the process of pollination.

calyx – the outer whorl of sepals; typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species.