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Flip-flop


In footwear and fashion, flip-flops are a kind of flat, backless sandal that consist of simple soles held on the foot by a V-shaped strap that passes between the toes and around either side of the foot, attached to the sole at three points. They appear to have been developed out of traditional Japanese woven or wooden soled sandals in New Zealand.

Nomenclature

This sandal is known by different names in different localities:

  • In New Zealand English they are known generically as jandals (Japanese Sandals), a name used by one manufacturer. However intellectual property law prevented the term Jandals being used when sold in other countries.
  • In the United States, they are generally known as flip-flops, thongs, zories or go-aheads (especially rubber thongs).
  • In Australian English these are known as thongs or pluggers, and often are referred to as an Australian Icon.
  • In South Africa they are also known as slops.
  • In Hawaii, flip-flops are known as slippers.
  • In the Philippines, they are called tsinelas.
  • In India, they are referred to as chappals.

Uses and Fashions

A relatively new pair of cheap flip-flops

Flip-flops periodically become a fashion rage in the West and in Europe: although they are often associated with the beach or swimming pool, they are immensely popular as everyday casual shoes in many situations, especially with teenagers and young adults, and are now available in a wide variety of materials (leather, transparent plastic, rubber, wood, etc.) and price ranges from US$300+ to under US$1.

In many developing countries, especially in the tropics, rubber flip-flops are by far the cheapest manufactured footwear available. In some places, domestically-produced sandals are available for the equivalent of less than US$1 and, despite their disposable design, street vendors will repair worn sandals for a small fee. Sometimes these flip-flops are made of recycled rubber tires, lowering the cost even more. They are many economically disadvantaged peoples' only footwear, and hence are worn for a wide variety of tasks, including farming, construction, and other heavy manual work.

Although flip-flops are one of the most simple, humble forms of footwear, many people consider them comfortable. Flip-flops tend to conform to the foot structure of the wearer. Some people like to wear the sandals every day. Unfortunately, flip-flops are often not very sturdy and the straps may snap after moderate use. They can be fixed, but many people choose to just buy new ones, discarding away the old ones. The average life expectancy of a pair isn't very long for precisely this reason, perhaps only a year or so. A pair is lucky to make it more than a couple of years before being rendered into trash. The Klip-Flop style has reinvented flip-flops to mollify the annoyance of strap snap by creating interchangeable straps that lock into the EVA sole with a turn of a penny.

The term "flip-flop" derives from the rhythmic slapping noise that the sandals make while slapping against the wearer's heels and the floor as he or she walks. They seem to be worn with almost any combination of clothing, and some regular users even wear them in the wintertime.

In late July 2005, some members of Northwestern University's national champion women's lacrosse team were criticized for wearing flip-flops to the White House to meet with President George W. Bush. Some felt that flip-flops were inappropriately informal to wear to the White House, while others felt that some flip-flops are fashionable footwear and are appropriate for the summer months.


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Some felt that flip-flops were inappropriately informal to wear to the White House, while others felt that some flip-flops are fashionable footwear and are appropriate for the summer months. Jane. Bush. vernacular that a 1997 movie starring Demi Moore was called G.I. In late July 2005, some members of Northwestern University's national champion women's lacrosse team were criticized for wearing flip-flops to the White House to meet with President George W. The character is such a part of the U.S. They seem to be worn with almost any combination of clothing, and some regular users even wear them in the wintertime. Among these are:.

The term "flip-flop" derives from the rhythmic slapping noise that the sandals make while slapping against the wearer's heels and the floor as he or she walks. Joe slogan says. The Klip-Flop style has reinvented flip-flops to mollify the annoyance of strap snap by creating interchangeable straps that lock into the EVA sole with a turn of a penny. Joe brand has made promotional action figures based on real-life persons, both military and civilian (such as sports and pro wrestling stars, presidents, and a war correspondent), that the company deems Real American Heroes, as the G.I. A pair is lucky to make it more than a couple of years before being rendered into trash. The G.I. The average life expectancy of a pair isn't very long for precisely this reason, perhaps only a year or so. The same basic body molds were used later by a subsidiary of Hasbro to produce a line of action figures based on the TV Series "Space Academy." Due to the poor quality of the materials used in manufacturing, very few if any of the Super Joe figures survive in intact condition.

They can be fixed, but many people choose to just buy new ones, discarding away the old ones. Super Joe was discontinued by the end of 1978. Unfortunately, flip-flops are often not very sturdy and the straps may snap after moderate use. The villains were Gor: King of the Terrons, Darkon: Half Man Half Monster and a large walking dinosaur-like alien called Terron: Beast From Beyond. Some people like to wear the sandals every day. Two other heroic characters, The Shield and Luminos, were called "Night Fighters" and had light up battery powered features. Flip-flops tend to conform to the foot structure of the wearer. A hybrid of superhero and space action lines, three of the Super Joe hero characters, Super Joe Commander, Super Joe (Caucasian) and Super Joe (African American), featured a "1-2 Punch" that could be activated by pressing panels on the figure's back.

Although flip-flops are one of the most simple, humble forms of footwear, many people consider them comfortable. Joe" sewn inside to the seam. They are many economically disadvantaged peoples' only footwear, and hence are worn for a wide variety of tasks, including farming, construction, and other heavy manual work. This new version was called "Super Joe," and also known as the "Super Joe Adventure Team." Some of the costumes for the line had the name "Super G.I. Sometimes these flip-flops are made of recycled rubber tires, lowering the cost even more. This size was close in scale but slightly taller than the Mego 8 inch action figures popular at the time. In some places, domestically-produced sandals are available for the equivalent of less than US$1 and, despite their disposable design, street vendors will repair worn sandals for a small fee. Joe was produced and advertised on TV.

In many developing countries, especially in the tropics, rubber flip-flops are by far the cheapest manufactured footwear available. Later that year a smaller 8 and a half inch version of G.I. Flip-flops periodically become a fashion rage in the West and in Europe: although they are often associated with the beach or swimming pool, they are immensely popular as everyday casual shoes in many situations, especially with teenagers and young adults, and are now available in a wide variety of materials (leather, transparent plastic, rubber, wood, etc.) and price ranges from US$300+ to under US$1. Joe line ended in America in 1977. This sandal is known by different names in different localities:. The original 12-inch G.I. . The GI Joe line was also licensed to Germany under the Action Team name, including female figures - which were notably absent from the UK Action Man line.

They appear to have been developed out of traditional Japanese woven or wooden soled sandals in New Zealand. Action Man under Hasbro has since made his reappearance.
In footwear and fashion, flip-flops are a kind of flat, backless sandal that consist of simple soles held on the foot by a V-shaped strap that passes between the toes and around either side of the foot, attached to the sole at three points. Joe imports. In India, they are referred to as chappals. In the 1980's sales in the UK fell off and by the late 80s UK production had ceased, replaced by G.I. In the Philippines, they are called tsinelas. Joes, but their identities and histories were international rather than purely American or British.

In Hawaii, flip-flops are known as slippers. Later, they also adopted the Adventure Team line, calling themselves the 'Action Force'; the figures had the same appearance and codenames as the American G.I. In South Africa they are also known as slops. The line later expanded the line to include ALL men of action, like footballers and other sports figures. In Australian English these are known as thongs or pluggers, and often are referred to as an Australian Icon. Initially these were the exact same designs as the American figures, and at first the same military theme which included figures from the Second World War. In the United States, they are generally known as flip-flops, thongs, zories or go-aheads (especially rubber thongs). Joe line, under the Action Man name for the UK market.

However intellectual property law prevented the term Jandals being used when sold in other countries. produced a British version of the 12-inch G.I. In New Zealand English they are known generically as jandals (Japanese Sandals), a name used by one manufacturer. In 1966, Palitoy Ltd. Joes also had a variety of additional weapons and vehicles which could be purchased to assist them on their missions. The smaller G.I.

Joe Team had a new member called Wetsuit whose military occupational speciality was a Navy SEAL. Joe to wear, the G.I. This time, instead of needing a wetsuit for G.I. The main difference between the two lines was that the 12 in (30 cm) figure could change his clothes to meet any challenge, while the 3 3/4 in (10 cm) team had various figures who could each meet specific challenges.

These figures were almost four inches (10 cm) tall and also drove kids to beg their parents for new toys, but this time for a different reason. Joe was created. Later, a much smaller G.I. Joe stood 11.5 inches, with 21 points of articulation, making him the first 'Action Figure' (a title that Hasbro insisted on, to make Joe more palatable to parents reluctant to let their boys play with a 'doll').

Joe Action Figures (hitting the marketplace in 1964) were toys similar to Ken, Barbie's boyfriend, but with a much increased articulation range, and more rugged appearance. The original G.I. Joe brand. Joes represent characters of all branches of the United States military, both male and female, to fight against their "enemy", Cobra, also produced by Hasbro and marketed under the G.I.

G.I. Its purpose: to defend human freedom against COBRA, a ruthless terrorist organization determined to rule the world.". Joe is the code name for America's daring, highly-trained special mission force. According to its 1980s animated series, "G.I.

Comic book writer Larry Hama is credited with developing most of the characters for the updated toy collection. The comics, in contrast to the cartoons, were much more realistic in their portrayal of violence; some characters were even killed (but no major ones, except for one "special" issue in which more than a dozen named Joes were executed by a random Cobra soldier, an event which initially distressed Cobra Commander). Joe has also appeared as a comic book, with many of its characters being made into action figures. G.I.

[3]. Joe: The Atlantis Factor by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System (1992). Joe by Taxan for the Nintendo Entertainment System (1991), Action Force by Virgin Games for the Commodore 64 (1987) and G.I. Joe by Epyx for the Apple II and the Commodore 64 (1984), G.I.

Joe, some are Cobra Strike by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600 (1983), G.I. There were several video game adaptations of G.I. These PSAs always ended with the famous exchange: "Now we know!" "And knowing is half the battle". The show was also known for its public service announcements, where one of the Joes would give an important safety lesson to a group of children engaged in risky behavior.

One example of this can be seen whenever an airplane was destroyed in combat; the characters inside were invariably shown parachuting out of the wreckage in the nick of time. The content of the animated show, although dealing with war and fighting, was still relatively mild as characters rarely, if ever, died even in the most dangerous circumstances. The cast of each group is full of colorful and eccentric characters, each of whom have interesting abilities. Their main adversary is the COBRA Organization, a ruthless terrorist organization determined to rule the world.

Joe is a highly capable branch of America's military whose purpose is to defend the world against enemy attack. G.I. evil". The basic premise of the series based on the figures is "good vs.

This would be the last major innovation for the original toy-line. Joe was given "eagle eye" vision--a movable eye mechanism to allow the toy to appear to be looking around when a lever in the back of the head was moved. Around the same time, G.I. Joe was also introduced around this time.

A retooled black G.I. The look of the doll was also changed 1970, adding a flocked beard (an innovation developed in England by Palitoy's for their licensed version of Joe, 'Action Man') in most versions to further distance itself from the soldier version. Joe was the leader of the "Adventure Team", an adventuring/spy-like organization devised to fight evil. Now, G.I.

Joe as a Aquanaut for example. Joe" for a time, and featured G.I. The line became known as "The Adventures of G.I. The comic is produced and published by Devil's Due Publishing and there is also a cartoon series airing on FOX and produced by GONZO.

Joe: Sigma 6. Joe on the toy shelves with 8"-sized action figures, G.I. In the fall of 2005, Hasbro re-introduced G.I. Joe series, as well as new toy characters.

These figures were designed with the adult collector in mind, and while retaining the sculpting style of the 2002-2005 "themed years," produced toy characters from the "original 1982-1994" G.I. The 3.75" sized figures were removed from toy shop shelves early in 2005, and sold exclusively through online retailers and through a new Hasbro online store, Hasbro Toy Shop. Venom" also had an OVA CGI movie. "Valor vs.

Venom" theme up until the first half of 2005. 2004 featured the "Valor vs. There was a direct-to-video "Spytroops" CGI movie. 2003 was themed "Spytroops" and had many figures produced with "O-rings" again.

Cobra" and featured new style figures that had "T-crotches" with no "O-ring." New characters were introduced in that period and new molds for both old and new. Joe vs. In 2002, the theme was "G.I. Each year's 3.75" series had a slight change in figure production construction.

The basic 3.75" sized GI Joe toy sculpture style was changed in 2001 with the introduction of yearly themes. Joe's popularity. The comic series was helpful in bringing back G.I. In 2001, the Devil's Due publishing company bought the rights to produce new comics that continued the storyline from Marvel Comics.

Some original 1982-1994 3.75 inch line toys were "re-produced" in "collector edition" 2-packs, along with vehicles. Joe: A Real American Hero line. Toys R Us began carrying a store-exclusive line that featured "re-produced" figures and vehicles from the G.I. There was also a cartoon series that supported the toyline.

Joe Extreme comic. Dark Horse Comics produced the G.I. Savage is a part of this series. Sgt.

These figures, as well as vehicles, took on a future premise storyline that had the Extreme team battling SKAR. Joe Extreme was introduced in a 5" tall, limited articulation format. G.I. Savage.

There was one cartoon featuring Sgt. The enemy force was the Iron Army, cybernetically-enhanced WWII style criminals and robots. Joe but it contains its themes. The series was not labeled G.I.

Savage and his Screaming Eagles were produced. This was the only year Sgt. Savage and his Screaming Eagles were put on the toy shelves in a 4" size, World War II-based theme. Sgt.

The toyline and the accompanying television show and comics were renamed Action Force, presumably to make the toyline appear more international and less American-centric. Joe: A Real American Hero was renamed for the European market. G.I. There was also a Marvel Comic series that featured many of the toy characterizations.

There was also two series of cartoons, "Sunbow", and "DIC" produced with this toyline. Each toy figure included a character bio, called a "file card." During the 12 year production, there were many "subsets" produced. Cobra was the main enemy force during this toy lines run. This toy series lasted through 1994, producing over 500 figures and 250 vehicles and playsets.

Joe was re-introduced in a 3.75" format. After a few years of absence from the toy shelves and with the help of the Star Wars 3.75" figure successes, G.I. Joe was discontinued for the same reason Super Joe was introduced, the rising cost of petroleum. Finally in 1978, G.I.

The Super Joe series had the characters turned into superheroes. Joe to 8 inches was implemented with the name of Super Joe. With rising oil prices in 1977, a cost-saving measure of "shrinking" G.I. It was also the period where there is a departure from its traditional military settings and began wading in to more fantastic concepts such as the introduction of the Intruders, alien invaders who are the Adventure Team's arch nemesis.

These were the years of the Adventure Team and the Kung Fu grip. Joe was licenced to several countries:. The 12-inch G.I. Later on, the line featured members from America's Armed Forces and some foreign soldiers as well.

Joe. The toyline was dedicated to one character named G.I. They were 12" tall. Joe.

Hasbro toy company's first "action figure" was introduced with the name of G.I. Joe toys came out:. The following G.I. .

Joe, no longer referred to one specific character but to a toyline brand. The name, G.I. Two years later, Hasbro began featuring members from all branches of the armed forces. Joe.

The toyline began with the aptly named G.I. Joe became a series of military-themed action figures produced by the Hasbro toy company. In 1964, the character G.I. Joe [1], directed by William Wellman and starring Burgess Meredith as acclaimed war correspondent Ernie Pyle.

In 1945, United Artists released a movie titled The Story of G.I. His strip debuted June 17, 1942 in the military's YANK magazine and Stars and Stripes newspaper. Joe" from the military reference "Government Issue". Breger came up with the title "G.I.

Joe is a cartoon soldier created by David Breger when he was asked to do a comic strip for United States military magazines during World War II. G.I. Ted Williams. George Washington.

Slaughter" né Robert Remus. "Sgt. Emil Sitka. Theodore Roosevelt.

Ernie Pyle. Colin Powell. Pierce. Francis J.

William "Refrigerator" Perry. George Patton. Audie Murphy. Douglas MacArthur.

Mike Leonard. Dwight Eisenhower. Bob Hope. Fox.

John R. Currey. Francis E. Robert Crippen.

Roy Benavidez. Buzz Aldrin. The 3 3/4" line resumed production after a very brief hiatus but is now sold exclusively on a direct-to-consumer basis, through Hasbro's website and select Internet retailers. The previous 12" and 3 3/4" lines were scheduled to go on hiatus near the middle of the year and replaced by Sigma 6.

These new larger figures are based out of the storyline that started in 1982, but are in a larger scale and will be accompanied by an Anime series made by Japanese animation house GONZO. Joe: Sigma 6, which is in no way related to the quality management program Six Sigma. Joe team with a new line called G.I. 2005 brought a new size to the G.I.

Cobra storyline. Joe vs. Venom debuted, as well as a new trading card game based on the G.I. Joe: Valor vs.

In 2004 The direct-to-DVD feature film G.I. The VvsV figures are the exact same scale as the original ARAH figures, while the Spy Troop figures are several mm's taller. Venom. Joes were released under various themes including Spy Troops and Valor vs.

In 2001 new 3 3/4" G.I. Sales were unquestionably altered, causing Devil's Due to miss its chance to purchase the rights to reprint the Marvel Comics line. Eventually, the entire creative team changed, with newcomer Brandon Jerwa taking over as writer and Tim Seeley as artist. Joe comic book and hired Scott Wherle as editor and freelance writer, Steven Kurth as artist, and real-life fan and active-duty soldier Brian Savage Peterson as Military Consultant and freelance writer.

Devil's Due Productions bought the license to publish the G.I. Joe honored the events of the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor by releasing a line of Pearl Harbor figures. In 2001, G.I. Joe A Real American Hero Collection figures were also re-released.

The 3 3/4" G.I. The figures included a toy bomb that "detonated" if handled incorrectly. Joe talking figures (until this time) since the 1970s--The other being "Duke" from the Hall of Fame line. In 2000, a Navajo Code Talker was introduced, one of only two 12-inch G.I.

The line also presented an all-new articulated GIJOE figure that formed the basis of many offerings to the present day. Soldiers from Australia, Britain, and other nations, as well as United States Forces were featured. Joe with fairly realistic uniforms and gear. The Classic Collection harkened back to the original all military theme of G.I.

Joe line-up since 1967; this doll was a helicopter pilot. Janes were introduced in a series called the Classic Collection, the first 12-inch female dolls in the G.I. G.I. JOE MASTERPIECE EDITION ([2]), a unique book-and-figure product.

Joe returned via the G.I. In 1997, the original G.I. Joe Extreme figures were introduced, along with a comic book, published by Dark Horse comics. In 1995, G.I.

Joe and accordingly, Hasbro released a series of 12 inch and 3 3/4 inch figures based on the original 4 basic services represented in the first waves of the 1964 toy-line. This was also the 30th Anniversary of G.I. Savage and his Screaming Eagles figures debuted. Sgt.

In 1994 the 3 3/4 inch line was cancelled. Joe also jumped on the Jurassic Park bandwagon and had a set of Dino-hunters. G.I. Joe joined the war on drugs by introducing the Drug Elimination Force (DEF) line of figures.The line declined with sci-fi themes again, notably the Star Brigade.

In 1992, G.I. 12" figures were also re-introduced as part of an exclusive contract with Target retail stores. Joe Ecowarriors line was produced to raise environmental awareness. In 1991, the G.I.

In 1988, Battle Force 2000 was introduced. Football player William "Refrigerator" Perry followed suit in 1987. Joe forces. Slaughter, became the first real person to join the G.I.

In 1986, wrestler Robert Remus, aka Sgt. Joe as the top-selling American toy. In 1985, both Toy & Lamp and Hobby World magazines ranked G.I. In 1983, Destro was introduced as one of the first characters at the service of the COBRA Commander.

Joe frenzy that would eventually lead to the production of posters, t-shirts, video games, board games, kites, animated movies, and even a cartoon series based on the characters. This was the beginning of the 1980s G.I. The "Adventure Team" idea was modified and combined with the original military theme of the early action figures. In 1982, the new figures were downsized to be produced at about the size of Star Wars action figures.

Since the toy was produced with plastic and petroleum is a major component in the manufacture of plastic, the cost of producing the toy rose substantially, and after a failed attempt to produce a smaller version called "Super Joe", Hasbro decided to discontinue it although the licensed versions outside the US continued for a while. Joes. In 1978, the petroleum crisis directly affected G.I. In 1976, The Intruders, a line of outer space arch rivals, was introduced.

Both figures were not in the mold of the rest of team, and further confused the GI Joe line. Also added to the Adventure Team was a Superhero, Bulletman. * In 1975, after a failed bid to gain the rights to the Six Million Dollar Man, Hasbro issued a bionic warrior figure named Mike Power, Atomic Man sold over one million units. Joes started to be produced with a "kung fu grip." This involved redesigning the doll's hands in a softer plastic that allowed the fingers to curl and better grip objects in a more lifelike fashion.

By 1974, Kung Fu fever had arrived in the United States, so G.I. Joe toys were eliminated due to the growing controversy over war toys in the wake of the Vietnam War. By 1970, the war themes of the original G.I. It was not a success, the first real mis-step of the line.

Joe action figure was produced - a nurse. Around this time the only full-sized female G.I. Joe talking figures were introduced. In 1967, G.I.

Joe. Joe line up, and Hasbro decided that the entire toy line will be named G.I. In 1966, soldiers of international armed forces joined the G.I. In 1965, a Black Joe was introduced in selected markets.

Joe figures were about the size of the Barbie dolls (12 inches (305 mm) tall). At that time, the G.I. Joe brand, naming it after the aforementioned movie. Therefore, in 1964, they launched the G.I.

Inspired in part by the tv series " The Lieutenant", Hasbro saw the potential such an action figure for boys could have. Nearly 20 years later, seeing the market success of the Barbie doll, Stan Weston, toy creator and licensing agent, brought the idea of a soldier action figure to Don Levine at Hasbro. Joe, about war correspondent Ernie Pyle in World War II, was released. In 1945, a hit movie, The Story of G.I.

Joe rescued over 1,000 people in Italy by delivering a crucial message. In 1943, a pigeon called G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 (2005-Present). G.I.

Venom (2004-2005). Joe: Valor vs. G.I. Cobra: Spytroops (2003).

Joe vs. G.I. Cobra (2002). Joe vs.

G.I. Joe: The Real American Hero Collection (2000-2002). G.I. Joe: Classic Collection (1995-2004).

G.I. Joe: Toys R Us Exclusives (1997-1998). G.I. Joe Extreme (1996-1997).

G.I. Joe: Hall of Fame limited exclusives (1995-1997). G.I. Savage and the Screaming Eagles (1995).

Sgt. Joe: Hall of Fame (1991-1994). G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1982-1994).

G.I. Joe Adventure Team (1970-1979). G.I. Joe (1964-1969).

G.I.