Ferdinand Magellan

The men among Magellan's expedition were also the first Europeans to observe the following:. He has not batted yet in the postseason, owing to the fact that the Twins have not advanced to the World Series in the time that he has been with the team. Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe and the first to navigate the strait in South America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. His OPS is .625, remarkable for a pitcher. Four crewmen of the original 55 on the Trinidad finally returned to Spain in 1525. Santana is one of the few American League pitchers who is able to hit well, amassing a career batting average of .312 in 16 plate appearances, with 2 runs batted in. The expedition actually eked out a small profit, but the crew were not paid their full wages. 1 innings.

On September 6, 1522, Juan Sebastián de Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage and the last ship of the fleet, Victoria, arrived in Spain, almost exactly three years after leaving. In a five-season career, Santana has compiled a 43-18 record with 658 strikeouts and a 3.49 ERA in 619. Twenty crewmen died of starvation before Elcano put in to the Cape Verde Islands, a Portuguese holding, where he abandoned 13 more crewmen July 9 in fear of losing his cargo of 26 tons of spices (cloves and cinnamon). Following a brief slump in May 2005, Santana worked on improving his pitching form and was immediately rewarded with a seven-inning, two-run outing against the Toronto Blue Jays in which the Twins won 7-2. By May 6, 1522, the Victoria, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, with only rice for rations. In his second game, he rocked the Chicago White Sox with 11 strikeouts as the Twins rolled to a 5-2 win. The Victoria set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on December 21, 1521. In the first inning of 2005, Santana struggled, giving up four runs, but he quickly regained his composure and returned to his Cy Young-winning form in an 8-4 victory over the Seattle Mariners.

This attempt failed; the ship was captured by the Portuguese, and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control. He easily won the AL Cy Young Award over Schilling with all 28 first-place votes. Several weeks later, Trinidad left the Moluccas to attempt to return to Spain via the Pacific route. Opponents stole only six bases in seven attempts against him, and his 20 victories ranked him second behind only Curt Schilling, who won 21 games for the Red Sox. As a result, Victoria with some of the crew sailed west for Spain. Santana finished in good form with a 20-6 record, and lead the American League pitchers in strikeouts (265), ERA (2.61), strikeouts per 9 IP (10.46), WHIP (0.92), batting average allowed (.192), OBP (.249), SLG (.315) and OPS (.564), walking only 54 in 228 innings. The small Victoria was not large enough to accommodate all the surviving crewmembers. Beside this, Santana set a team season record with 265 strikeouts, surpassing the old 258 mark registered by Bert Blyleven in 1973.

They concluded that the Trinidad would need to spend considerable time being overhauled. It is interesting to compare that Santana's other second-half numbers, 11.13 strikeouts per nine innings, 1.21 ERA, 4.74 hits per nine innings, and 6.73 baserunners per nine innings, are mostly better than Bob Gibson's famous 1968 numbers (7.91 SO per 9 IP, 1.12 ERA, 5.84 hits per 9 IP, 7.77 baserunners per 9 IP). The crew tried to discover and repair the leak, but failed. He became the first pitcher since 1961 to give up four or fewer hits in ten straight starts, and his 13-0 record broke the old Major League second-half mark shared between Burt Hooton and Rick Sutcliffe. As they left the Moluccas, however, Trinidad was found to be taking on water. His streak of dominance has been compared to Sandy Koufax and Nolan Ryan. The two remaining ships, laden with valuable spices, attempted to return to Spain by sailing west. In 2004 Santana enjoyed one of the great second halves of modern times.

They managed to trade with the Sultan of Tidore, a rival of the Sultan of Ternate, who was the ally of the Portuguese. He went 8-0 after August and pitched the ALDS opening game against the Yankees. After reaching the Moluccas (the Spice Islands) November 6, 1521, 115 crew were left. A long reliever most of his career, in 2003 Santana took over a starting role after pitching in the bullpen nearly four months. Pigafetta mentions some of the technology of the court, such as porcelain (which was not yet widely available in Europe), and spectacles (eye-glasses were only just becoming available in Europe). His pitches are too close to take, but difficult to drive, then batters find themselves lunging after balls that are down and out of the strike zone. Brunei disdained the cloves which were to prove more valuable than gold, upon the return to Spain. He works quickly and throws a 95 mph (153 km/h) fastball, a hard slider and a changeup.

In addition, Brunei boasted tame elephants and armament of 62 cannon, more than 5 times the armament of Magellan's ships. Santana is tough on both righthanded and lefthanded hitters. They anchored off the Brunei breakwater for 35 days, where the Venetian Pigafetta mentions the splendor of Rajah Siripada's court (gold, two pearls the size of hens' eggs, etc.). Finally, he made his debut in the 2000 season. They left that island on June 21, 1521, and were guided to Brunei, Borneo by Moro pilots, who could navigate the shallow seas. Selected by the Florida Marlins from Houston in the 1999 rule 5 draft, Santana was traded to the Twins. The fleet, now reduced to Trinidad and Victoria, fled westward to Palawan. Born in Tovar, Mérida State, Venezuela, Santana was signed by the Houston Astros as a non-draft free agent in 1995.

Accordingly, on May 2, 1521, they abandoned Concepcion, burning the ship to make sure it could not be used against them. . The casualties suffered in the Philippines left the expedition with too few men to sail the three remaining ships. Johan Alexander Santana (born March 13, 1979) is a Major League Baseball left-handed starting pitcher who plays for the Minnesota Twins. However, Antonio Pigafetta had been making notes about the language, and was apparently able to continue communications during the rest of the voyage. Top 10 Cy Young Award (7th, 2003). Enrique escaped his indenture on May 1, with the aid of Rajah Humabon, amid the deaths of almost 30 crewmen. Led league in all but two statistical categories (2004).

However, after Mactan, the remaining ship's masters refused to free Enrique. Led league in win-loss percentage (.800, 2003). Enrique was indentured by Magellan during his earlier voyages to Malacca, and was at his side during the battles in Africa, during Magellan's disgrace at the King's court in Portugal, and during Magellan's successful raising of a fleet. Cy Young Award (2004, unanimous selection). Thus Enrique became the first man to circumnavigate the globe (in multiple voyages). All-Star (2005). His interpreter, who was baptized Enrique (Henry) in Malacca 1511, had been captured by Sumatran slavers from his home islands.

Magellan had provided in his will that his Malay interpreter was to be freed upon his death. Antonio Pigafetta, a wealthy tourist who paid to be on the Magellan voyage, provided the only extant eyewitness account of the events culminating in Magellan's death, as follows:. Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan, against indigenous forces led by Lapu-Lapu, on April 27, 1521. The initial peace with the Philippine natives proved misleading.

Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly to them, and even agreed to accept Christianity. They traded gifts with Rajah Kolambu of Limasawa, who guided them to Cebu, on April 7. Magellan was able to communicate with the native peoples because his Malay interpreter could understand their language. On 6 March, they reached the Marianas and on 16 March, the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crewmen left.

Heading northwest, the crew reached the equator on 13 February 1521. Magellan named the waters the Mar Pacifico (Pacific Ocean) because of its apparent stillness. On November 28, the three remaining ships entered the South Pacific. Magellan first assigned Concepcion and San Antonio to explore the strait, but the latter, commanded by Gomez, deserted and returned to Spain.

Now, the strait is named the Strait of Magellan. Four ships began an arduous passage through the 373-mile long passage that Magellan called the Estreito (Canal) de Todos los Santos, or "All Saints' Channel," because All Saints' Day, 1 November, occurred while the fleet traveled through it. At 52° South latitude on 21 October 1520, the fleet reached Cape Virgenes and concluded they had found the passage, because the waters were brine and deep inland. After this experience, Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more before again resuming the voyage.

Two of them returned, overland, to inform Magellan of what had happened, and bring rescue to their comrades. All of its crewmembers survived and made it safely to shore. Santiago, sent down the coast on a scouting expedition, was wrecked in a sudden storm. Magellan, behind schedule, was impatient to make up for lost time, and set out again while the weather still posed problems.

On 24 August the journey resumed. Quesada and Mendoza were executed, and Cartagena and a priest were marooned on the coast. It was unsuccessful, mainly because the crew remained loyal. A mutiny involving three of the five ship captains broke out.

On 31 March the crew established a settlement that they called Puerto San Julian. Magellan decided to spend the winter in Patagonia. It was already late in the season, however, and the southern winter struck while they were still on the Argentinian coast. The fleet reached Río de la Plata on January 10, 1520.

Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. There the fleet was resupplied, but these good conditions caused them to delay. Since Brazil was Portuguese territory at the time, Magellan avoided it, and on December 13 anchored near present-day Rio de Janeiro, where the weather and the natives were generally friendly. On November 20, the equator was crossed; on December 6, the crew sighted Brazil.

Augustine in Brazil. After a brief stop at the Canary Islands, Magellan arrived at the Cape Verde Islands, where they set course for Cape St. Upon hearing of his departure, King Manuel ordered a naval detachment to pursue him, but Magellan eluded the Portuguese. Spanish authorities were wary of the Portuguese admiral and almost prevented Magellan from sailing, but on September 20, Magellan set sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with 270 men.

On 10 August 1519, the fleet of five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and traveled south from the Guadalquivir River to San Lucar de Barrameda at the mouth of the rivers, where they remained more than five weeks. Trinidad was Magellan's flagship, and besides Faleiro the captains for the other four were Juan de Cartegena, Gomez, Gaspar de Quesada and Luis de Mendoza, respectively. With the money that Magellan and Faleiro had received from the king, the pair obtained five ships: Trinidad (tonnage 110, crew 55), San Antonio (tonnage 120, crew 60), Concepcion (tonnage 90, crew 45), Victoria (tonnage 85, crew 42), and Santiago (tonnage 75, crew 32). Magellan also took an oath of allegiance in the church of Santa María de la Victoria de Triana, giving money to the monks of the monastery so they would pray for his success.

Under the contract, Magellan and Faleiro, as joint captains-general, would receive one-twentieth of all profits and they and their heirs would gain the government of any lands discovered, with the title of Adelantados. On 22 March 1518, King Charles approved Magellan's plan and granted him generous funds. Ruy Faleiro, an astronomer and Portuguese exile, aided him in his planning, and he found an invaluable financial ally in Christopher de Haro, a member of a great Antwerp firm who had a grudge against the king of Portugal. He allegedly declared himself ready to sail southwards to 75° to realize his project.

He decided to pioneer this route to reach the Moluccas (Spice Islands), the key to the strategic and tremendously lucrative spice trade. Having brought the Portuguese cartographical knowledge to the Spanish court, Magellan pointed out that there would exist a passage from South America, which he thought to be the Rio de la Plata, to the Pacific Ocean, forming a large bay-like river delta. Acquiring great influence in Seville, he gained the ear of Charles and the powerful Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca, bishop of Burgos and the persistent enemy of Christopher Columbus. With the help of Juan de Aranda, one of the three chief officials of Seville's India House, and of other friends, especially Diogo Barbosa, a Portuguese and father of Duarte Barbosa, Magellan became naturalized as a Spaniard.

Magellan reached Seville, the main port of Spain, on 20 October 1517, and from there went to Valladolid to see the teenage king, Charles I (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). Magellan formally renounced his nationality and went to offer his services to the court of Spain, changing his name from "Fernão de Magalhães" to "Hernándo de Magallanes.". The King also told Magellan that he would have no further employment in his country's service after May 15, 1514. Several of the accusations were subsequently dropped, but Magellan fell into disfavor with King Manuel I, who refused to raise Magellan's pension.

He had also been involved in conflict with Almeida: after Magellan took a leave of the army without permission, Almeida gave a poor report on the sailor to the Portuguese court. Although wounded and the recipient of several medals, Magellan was accused of illegal trade with the Islamic Moors. In 1511, Magellan was sent to Morocco where he fought in the Battle of Azamor (August 28 and 29, 1513) and received a severe knee wound while fighting against the Moorish-Moroccan stronghold. However, after secretly sailing a ship east without permission, he lost his command and was forced to return to Portugal.

In 1510, Magellan was promoted to the rank of captain. Magellan next journeyed to the East Indies in 1506, taking part in expeditions to the Spice Islands. It was here that Magellan would also first experience battle: when a local king refused to pay tribute, Almeida's party attacked, conquering the Muslim city of Kilwa in present-day Tanzania. In 1505 he was sent to India to install Francisco de Almeida as a Portuguese viceroy there and establish military and naval bases along the way.

At age 20, Magellan first went to sea. In 1496, Magellan became a squire. Some speculate that he may even have been taught by Martin Behaim. Here, with his cousin Francisco Serrano, Magellan continued his education, becoming interested in geography and astronomy.

At 12, Magellan became a page to King John II and Queen Eleonora at the royal court at the capital of Lisbon, where his brother had gone two years before. Magellan's parents died when he was ten. The son of Pedro Rui de Magalhães, the mayor of the town, and Alda de Mesquita, Magellan had two siblings: his brother Diogo de Sousa, named after his grandmother, and his sister Isabel. Magellan was born in Sabrosa (near Vila Real, in the province of Trás-os-Montes of north Portugal) or in Porto.

. Eighteen members of his crew and one ship of the fleet did return to Spain in 1522, having circumnavigated the globe. Though Magellan is often credited with being the first to circle the globe, he himself died in the Philippines and never returned to Europe. He was the first to sail from Europe westwards to Asia, the first European to sail the Pacific Ocean, and the first to lead an expedition for the purpose of circumnavigating the globe.

Ferdinand Magellan (Spring 1480 – April 27, 1521; Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish: Fernando or Hernando de Magallanes) was a Portuguese sea explorer who sailed for Spain. Richard Humble, The Voyage of Magellan, (1988) Franklin Watts, ISBN 0-531-10638-1. W.D.Brownlee, The First Ships around the World, (1977) Lerner Publications Co., Minneapolis ISBN 0-8225-1204-1. For student readers