Fantasy

The convention is held at a different city each year. Fruits are also found commonly in such manufactured foods as cookies, muffins, yoghurt, ice cream, cakes, and many more. The first was held in 1975 and it has occurred every year since. Many fruits, including fleshy fruits like apples and mangos, and nuts like walnut, are commercially valuable as human food, eaten both fresh and made into jams, marmalade and other preserves for future consumption. Fans of fantasy get together yearly at the World Fantasy Convention. This is an evolutionary mechanism to increase dispersal distance away from the parent. Noteworthy in this regard are the science fantasy and dark fantasy subgenres, which the fantasy genre shares with science fiction and horror, respectively. Other fruits are elongated and flattened out naturally and so become thin, like wings or helicopter blades.

Fantasy subgenres are numerous and diverse, frequently overlapping with other forms of speculative fiction in almost every medium in which they're produced. Some fruits have coats covered with spikes or hooked burrs, either to prevent themselves from being eaten by animals or to stick to the hairs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. Modern fantasy, including early modern fantasy, has also spawned many new subgenres with no clear counterpart in mythology or folklore, although inspiration from mythology and folklore remains a consistent theme. Variations in fruit structures largely relate to dissemination (called dispersal) of the seeds they contain. Similarly, series of novels based on fantasy films and TV series have found their own niche. Seedlessness in table grapes results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, a phenomenon known as stenospermocarpy which requires normal pollination and fertilization. Game companies have published fantasy novels set in their own fictional game universes; the Forgotten Realms, and Dragonlance series are some of the more popular. Most seedless citrus fruits require a pollination stimulus; bananas and pineapples do not.

Role-playing games have in turn spawned much new art, literature, and even music in the genre. Parthenocarpic fruit set may or may not require pollination. The 'pen & paper' role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons was the first and is arguably the most successful and influential, though the science fantasy role-playing game series Final Fantasy has been an icon of the computer role-playing game genre. In some species, seedlessness is the result of parthenocarpy, where fruits set without fertilization. Fantasy role-playing games cross several different media. Some cultivars of citrus fruits (especially navel oranges and mandarin oranges), table grapes, grapefruit, and watermelons are valued for their seedlessness. While fantasy art and fantasy films have been hugely successful, it is fantasy literature which has always been the most expansive and diverse. Commercial cultivars of bananas and pineapples are seedless.

Fantasy is a popular genre, having found a home for itself in almost every medium. Seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce. Fantasy writing saw renewed popularity, often influenced by these seminal works and, like them, borrowing from myth, epic, and medieval romance. After fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they connate (merge) into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarp. Howard and Clark Ashton Smith. First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. Some of the most important contributors to the Sword and Sorcery genre include Fritz Leiber, Robert E. In the photograph on the right, stages of flowering and fruit development in the noni or Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia) can be observed on a single branch.

Le Guin's Earthsea series. Examples are the pineapple, edible fig, mulberry, osage-orange, and breadfruit. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia and Ursula K. Each flower produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass. S. A multiple fruit is one formed from a cluster of flowers (called an inflorescence). Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are milestones; other important works include C.
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R. In all these examples, the fruit develops from a single flower with numerous pistils. R. The strawberry is also an aggregate-accessory fruit, only one in which the seeds are contained in achenes. Within the High Fantasy genre, J. In some bramble fruits (such as blackberry) the receptacle is elongate and part of the ripe fruit, making the blackberry an aggregate-accessory fruit. In the mid-1900's, two subgenres of fantasy became very popular and influential: high fantasy and sword and sorcery. An example is the raspberry, whose simple fruits are termed drupelets because each is like a small drupe attached to the receptacle.

In the early to mid 20th century, much fantasy was published in the same magazines as science fiction (and often written by the same authors). An aggregate fruit, or etaerio, develops from a flower with numerous simple pistils. The history of modern imaginary-world fantasy begins with William Morris, who pioneered the genre in the late 19th century with The Well at the World's End and other novels, and Lord Dunsany, who continued the tradition into the 20th. Types of fleshy, simple fruits (with examples) are:. In this way, fantasy has been so intimate a part of the history of our species, one might say that it's part of what makes us human. Fruits in which part or all of the pericarp (fruit wall) is fleshy at maturity are simple fleshy fruits. From The Odyssey to Beowulf, from Arthurian Legend and medieval romance to the epic Divine Comedy, in every known culture the world over, fantastical adventures featuring brave heroes and heroines, deadly monsters, and secret arcane realms have stirred the mind and inspired the soul for as long as we've had the ability to tell of them. Types of dry, simple fruits (with examples) are:.

Beginning perhaps with the Epic of Gilgamesh and the earliest written documents known to humankind, elements that would eventually come to define fantasy and its various subgenres have been a part of some of the grandest and most celebrated works in all of history. Dry fruits may be either dehiscent (opening to discharge seeds), or indehiscent (not opening to discharge seeds). Though the genre in its modern sense is less than two centuries old, its antecedents have a long and distinguished history. Simple fruits can be either dry or fleshy and result from the ripening of a simple or compound ovary with only one pistil. Further blurring the definition, some suggest there is a distinction between the fantasy genre and "the fantastic", the latter being a fantasy-like element in other fiction. There are three basic types of fruits:. Some writers and critics prefer the term speculative fiction due to the frequent crossover from one genre to another. To these two basic definitions can be added the clarification that in botanical terminology, a nut is a type of fruit and not another term for seed.

All three genres feature elements of the fantastic, of making radical departures from reality or radical speculations about what reality might be like, or might have been like. Seeds are ripened ovules; fruits are the ripened ovularies or carpels that contain the seeds. As a genre, fantasy is both associated and contrasted with science fiction and horror fiction. It will also be seen that many common terms for seeds and fruit are incorrectly applied, a fact that complicates understanding of the terminology. But, again, definitions and opinions on the proper classification differ. Fruits are so varied in form and development, that it is difficult to devise a classification scheme that includes all known fruits. A critical characteristic is that the world features some difference from Earth that is not a result of science or technology, but rather the result of magic or other anomalous phenomena. Since other parts of the flower may contribute to the structure of the fruit, it is important to study flower structure to understand how a particular fruit forms.

Characteristics of fantasy fiction and its many overlapping sub-genres are the subjects of debate among some fans and writers. When such other floral parts are a significant part of the fruit, it is called an accessory fruit. . In some fruits, especially simple fruits derived from an inferior ovary, other parts of the flower (such as the floral tube, including the petals, sepals, and stamens), fuse with the ovary and ripen with it.
. The pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers called the exocarp (outer layer - also called epicarp), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (inner layer). In other cases, most frequently in works of modern fantasy in the high fantasy subgenre, the story might take place in a fantasy world that is wholly different from our own, complete with distinct laws of nature that permit magic. The wall of the fruit, developed from the ovary wall of the flower, is called the pericarp.

In many cases, especially in older works of fantasy but in many modern works as well, this is explained by means of divine intervention, magic, or other supernatural forces. With some multiseeded fruits the extent of development of the flesh of the fruit is proportional to the number of fertilized ovules. As with other forms of speculative fiction, actions and events in fantasy very often differ from those possible in consensus reality. Fruit development continues until the seeds have matured. In its broadest sense, fantasy covers works by many writers, artists, and musicians, from ancient myths and legends, to many recent works embraced by a wide audience today. The ovary eventually comes to form, along with other parts of the flower in many cases, a structure surrounding the seed or seeds that is the fruit. The genre is generally distinguished from science fiction and horror by overall look, feel, and theme of the individual work, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three (collectively known as speculative fiction). The petals of the flower fall off and the ovule develops into a seed.

Fantasy is a genre of art, literature, film, television, and music that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of either plot, theme, setting, or all three. After an ovule is fertilized in a process known as pollination, the ovary begins to expand. In the commercial world, European Union rules define carrot as a fruit for the purposes of measuring the proportion of "fruit" contained in carrot jam. For example, rhubarb may be considered a fruit, though only the astringent stalk or petiole is edible. Rarely, culinary "fruits" are not fruits in the botanical sense.

These include cucurbits (e.g., squash and pumpkin), maize, tomato, cucumber, aubergine (eggplant), and sweet pepper, along with nuts, and some spices, such as allspice, nutmeg and chiles. Many foods are botanically fruits, but are treated as vegetables in cooking. . A plant that does not produce fruit is known as acarpous, meaning essentially "without fruit".

Such fruits are seedless. In a few species, the fruit may develop in the absence of pollination/fertilization, a process known as parthenocarpy. With most fruits pollination is a vital part of fruit culture, and the lack of knowledge of pollinators and pollenizers can contribute to poor crops or poor quality crops. Some gymnosperms, such as yew, have fleshy arils that resemble fruits and some junipers have berry-like, fleshy cones.

The term false fruit (pseudocarp, accessory fruit) is sometimes applied to a fruit like the fig (a multiple-accessory fruit; see below) or to a plant structure that resembles a fruit but is not derived from a flower or flowers. However, a great many common vegetables, as well as nuts and grains, are the fruit of the plant species they come from. In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which include plum, apple and orange. Botanical terminology for fruits is inexact and will remain so.

No one terminology really fits the enormous variety that is found among plant fruits. Evolution has led plants to adopt certain basic mechanisms, seemingly without close regard to the tissues involved. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues.

In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant.
. pome - accessory fruits (apple, pear, rosehip). false berry - accessory fruits (banana, cranberry).

Stone fruit drupe (plum, cherry, peach, olive). berry - (tomato, avocado). utricle. silique - (radish).

schizocarp - (carrot). samara - (elm, ash, maple key). nut - (hazelnut, beech, oak acorn). loment.

legume - (pea, bean, peanut). follicle - (milkweed). fibrous drupe - (coconut, walnut). caryopsis - (wheat).

capsule - (Brazil nut). achene - (buttercup). Multiple fruit. Aggregate fruit.

Simple fruit.