Earthquake

A recently proposed theory suggests that some earthquakes may occur in a sort of earthquake storm, where one earthquake will trigger a series of earthquakes each triggered by the previous shifts on the fault lines, similar to aftershocks, but occurring years later. The film Date Movie features a part where Julia Jones (Alyson Hannigan), the main character, gets "pimped", complete with gold teeth. These oscillations of the earth are either due to the deformation of the Earth by tide caused by the Moon or the Sun, or other phenomena. An issue of Wizard featured an article in which superheros and their "supermobiles" (e.g-Batman and the Batmobile, Wonder Woman and her invisible jet, Optimus Prime) were pimped. Another type of movement of the Earth is observed by terrestrial spectroscopy. The Weebl and Bob episode "joust2" features the car belonging to the character Bob being "pimped" for a joust, by a jar of jam and a talking fried egg known as "Eggsy Bit". Earthquakes such as these, that are caused by human activity, are referred to by the term induced seismicity. Spoofing PMR, Robot Chicken's version was Pimp My Sister, where a pimp and his stable turned a kid's nice, average sister into a whore for the kid to pimp.

Thus scientists have been able to monitor, using the tools of seismology, nuclear weapons tests performed by governments that were not disclosing information about these tests along normal channels. At midday, a picture spoofing the test card (with the word "fool" written on the blackboard) was shown with an announcement that Chav my Motor would not be shown due to "ongoing police investigations", and would be shown on 1st April next year. Finally, ground shaking can also result from the detonation of explosives. This is because it turned out to be an April Fools joke. Earthquakes have also been known to be caused by the removal of natural gas from subsurface deposits, for instance in the northern Netherlands. Chav My Motor was a spoof of PMR, and although there was advertising for the show, it was never shown. Such earthquakes occur because the strength of the Earth's crust can be modified by fluid pressure. A PMR spoof appeared on VH1 in the UK, called Chav My Motor.

at certain geothermal power plants and at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal). This short skit shows Xzibit entering a church and excited to see the bride who is getting pimped - after which, Xzibit tells the groom to come to the alley with him and reveals the bride, who, as expected, is done up like a prostitute and has a television installed on her back. A rare few earthquakes have been associated with the build-up of large masses of water behind dams, such as the Kariba Dam in Zambia, Africa, and with the injection or extraction of fluids into the Earth's crust (e.g. A PMR spoof appeared in Jimmy Kimmel Live, called Pimp My Bride featuring Xzibit himself and written by Kimmel's team. Some earthquakes are also caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes, and such quakes can be an early warning of volcanic eruptions. An AirFerg sketch featured Ferg pimp a boy's mother to become a full-fledged whore with an automatic coochie among other things. Deep focus earthquakes, at depths of 100's km, are possibly generated as subducted lithospheric material catastrophically undergoes a phase transition since at the pressures and temperatures present at such depth elastic strain cannot be supported. The spoof ultimately ended with the car being vandalized and left on blocks in a parking lot when the owner went into a store.

Eventually when enough stress accumulates, the plates move, causing an earthquake. The car, "dumped" by "Messed-up Customs", was (apparently) a 1977 AMC Gremlin, which was outfitted with multiple television sets, a miniature race-car track, a deep fryer, and a koi pond. Where these plates meet stress accumulates. A PMR spoof appeared in MAD #456, called Dump My Ride. The Earth is made up of tectonic plates driven by the heat in the Earth's mantle and core. Season 1. Most earthquakes are powered by the release of the elastic strain that accumulate over time, typically, at the boundaries of the plates that make up the Earth's lithosphere via a process called Elastic-rebound theory. Special.

For example it has been calculated that the average recurrence for the United Kingdom can be described as follows:. Season 4. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently than smaller earthquakes, the relationship being exponential, ie roughly ten times as many earthquakes larger than 4 occur in a particular time period than earthquakes larger than magnitude 5. Season 3. As a result the moment magnitude (M_W) scale was introduced by Hiroo Kanamori, which is comparable to the other magnitude scales but will not saturate at higher values. Season 2. The values of moments for different earthquakes ranges over several order of magnitude. Season 1.

The seismic moment is calculated from seismograms but can also by obtained from geologic estimates of the size of the fault rupture and the displacement. Hosted by the Italian hip hop group Gemelli DiVersi, Pimp My Wheels turns old rusty motorscooters or motorcycles into brand-new shiny vehicles. Seismologists now favor a measure called the seismic moment, related to the concept of moment in physics, to measure the size of a seismic source. MTV Italy also features a different version of Pimp My Ride, called Pimp My Wheels. They are still useful however as they can be rapidly calculated, there are catalogues of them dating back many years and are they are familiar to the public. Both shows are located in Hamburg.
The original US Pimp My Ride is shown in English language with German subtitles. However as each is also based on the measurement of one part of the seismogram they do not measure the overall power of the source and can suffer from saturation at higher magnitude values (larger events fail to produce higher magnitude values).These scales are also empirical and as such there is no physical meaning to the values. Pimp My Whatever is hosted by MTV's presenter Patrice Bouédibéla.

Each of these is scaled to gives values similar to the values given by the Richter scale. In Pimp My Whatever [2] ElbCoast Psycles return once more to pimp anything from a bathroom and a doghouse to a Birthday Party or even someone's brother. Other more recent Magnitude measurements include: body wave magnitude (m_b), surface wave magnitude (M_s) and duration magnitude (M_D). It is hosted by German actor Oliver Korittke. It is obtained by measuring the maximum amplitude of a recording on a Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer (or one calibrated to it) at a distance of 600km from the earthquake. While the show could be seen as a parody of the American original, it is also a loving tribute, using all the elements of the American show with a bicycle twist. This is known as the “Richter scale”, “Richter Magnitude” or “Local Magnitude” (M_L). On Pimp My Fahrrad [1], the bike shop Elbcoast Psycles redoes almost the entire bicycle, usually leaving only the frame intact.

Richter devised a simple numerical scale (which he called the magnitude) to describe the relative sizes of earthquakes in Southern California. The German-language MTV Central Europe has two adaptions of the show called Pimp My Fahrrad (English: "Pimp My Bicycle") and Pimp My Whatever. In the 1930s, a California seismologist named Charles F. Carisma Automotive are the customisers for the UK version. The first attempt to qualitatively define one value to describe the size of earthquakes was the magnitude scale (the name being taking from similar formed scales used on the brightness of stars). A UK version of the show launched on 26 June 2005, presented by the DJ Tim Westwood. If you feel an earthquake in the US you can report the effects to the USGS. Pimp My Ride is one of MTV's most popular shows in nearly all of its worldwide subsidiaries (numbering nearly 100), the only exception being the U.S., where it is second place to The Real World (which is generally much less known outside of the United States).

For some tasks related to engineering and local planning it is still useful for the very same reasons and thus still collected. . The problem with these scales is the measurement is subjective, often based on the worst damage in an area and influenced by local effects like site conditions that make it a poor measure for the relative size of different events in different places. The series should begin early 2006. No structural damage. Discovery Channel will be showing a new series (unamed) that features WCC's car built in the garage more than, as Ryan Haus says "over-the-top cars". Damage is slight in poorly built buildings. The producers of the show will continue new episodes with another garage to be announced in early 2006.

Trees and bushes shake. Ryan, the WCC manager has moved his shop to Corona, CA and is worried about his ability to both do the show and have another shop. Plaster in walls might crack. MTV has announced that Pimp My Ride will no longer be with WCC. Furniture moves. In December 2004 the shop was fined $16,000 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (along with fellow shop Unique Autosports) for removing airbags from cars and replacing them with DVD monitors, although this modification was not done on the TV show. Pictures fall off walls. WCC has faced problems with some of their modifications.

Objects fall from shelves. Ryan Haus, the owner of WCC, has been featured in season 3 as the "lead" for discussions on what customizing will be done on the incoming cars. People have trouble walking. Louis, Missouri. Everyone feels movement. He cited a desire to expand the company's business with a customs shop in St. The value 6 (normally denoted "VI") in the MM scale for example is:. After the second season however, WCC manager "Q" announced that he would not be willing to take a role in the show anymore.

These assign a numeric value (different for each scale) to a location based on the size of the shaking experienced there. Both he and WCC have experienced boosts in business due to the show: Xzibit has gained wider attention for his music career (as well as hosting and movie gigs), and WCC had to expand their facilities, due to the international exposure Pimp My Ride gave their work. In the United States the Mercalli (or Modified Mercalli, MM) scale is commonly used, while Japan (shindo) and the EU (European Macroseismic Scale) each have their own scales. Xzibit, the show's host, has found a new audience of fans, who appreciate his sense of humor and obvious love of his job. The first method of quantifying earthquakes was intensity scales. The WCC employees are an eclectic mix of outgoing personalities, such as:. Earthquakes that occur below sea level and have large vertical displacements can give rise to tsunamis, either as a direct result of the deformation of the sea bed due to the earthquake or as a result of submarine landslips or "slides" directly or indirectly triggered by it. Much of the appeal of the show comes from the personalities involved.

Just as a large loudspeaker can produce a greater volume of sound than a smaller one, large faults are capable of higher magnitude earthquakes than smaller faults are. In both instances, the "Pimpees" were given brand new cars, with extensive WCC modifications to customize the new car for the owner. The total size of the fault that slips, the rupture zone, can be as large as 1000 km, for the biggest earthquakes. In the second instance (Episode 8 of Year 2) the "Pimpee" was studying to be an auto mechanic, and WCC decided to let him "pimp" his car as a study project. The location on the surface directly above the hypocenter is known as the "epicenter". In the first instance (the last episode of Year 1), the car-to-be-pimped was actually two Ford Escorts welded together, and was considered unsafe. That point is called its "focus" or "hypocenter" and usually proves to be the point at which the fault slip was initiated. On only two occasions did WCC not "pimp" the automobile.

Using such ground motion records from around the world it is possible to identify a point from which the earthquake's seismic waves appear to originate. However, WCC is well-known for putting their own whimsical touches in their work, such as the aforementioned dryer, or an electric fireplace in the trunk of another vehicle. The Rayleigh waves from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004 caused ground motion of over 1 cm even at the seismometers that were located far from it, although this displacement was abnormally large. Customization and extra gifts usually total around US$20,000 (though the show usually doesn't put much emphasis on costs). Ground motions caused by very distant earthquakes are called teleseisms. Work usually includes new paint, accessories, chrome, tires and rims, and internal electronics (even, and especially, DVD players, video games, TFT screens of excessive size and other top notch gadgets). The power of an earthquake is distributed over a significant area, but in the case of large earthquakes, it can spread over the entire planet. For example, a Need for Speed: Underground 2 fan had his car painted to look like one in the game, while a bowler had a ball washer installed in his trunk, and a surfer got a full-size dryer (or at least one that fit) in the back of his Volkswagen van.

While almost all earthquakes have aftershocks, foreshocks are far less common occurring in only about 10% of events. Each car is a custom "pimp", tailored to the personalities and interests of the owners. Most large earthquakes are accompanied by other, smaller ones, that can occur either before or after the principal quake — these are known as foreshocks or aftershocks, respectively. The show features rapper Xzibit, who takes the cars to the custom body shop of West Coast Customs (WCC), where the WCC team generally replaces most of the components and rebuilds the interior and exterior from scratch. S-waves (secondary or shear waves) and the two types of surfaces waves (Love waves and Rayleigh waves) are responsible for the shaking hazard. The show picks young car owners (requirements limit participants to their early 20's) living in the Los Angeles/Southern California area. There are four types of seismic waves that are all generated simultaneously and can be felt on the ground. The concept is simple — one takes a car that is old, thought to be unfashionable, falling apart, or some combination thereof, and "pimps" it (i.e., the car is restored and customized).

In a particular earthquake, any of these agents of damage can dominate, and historically each has caused major damage and great loss of life, but for most of the earthquakes shaking is the dominant and most widespread cause of damage. Pimp My Ride is a TV show originally shown on MTV, with the first episode airing on March 4, 2004. liquefaction, landslide), and fire or a release of hazardous materials. Hackney Carriage (1986). Large earthquakes can cause serious destruction and massive loss of life through a variety of agents of damage, including fault rupture, vibratory ground motion (i.e., shaking), inundation (e.g., tsunami, seiche, dam failure), various kinds of permanent ground failure (e.g. Ford Capri (1986). Some deep earthquakes may be due to the transition of olivine to spinel, which is more stable in the deep mantle. Fiat Panda (1987).

At subduction zones where plates descend into the mantle, earthquakes have been recorded to a depth of 600 km, although these deep earthquakes are caused by different mechanisms than the more common shallow events. Ford Granada (1983). Where the crust is thicker and colder they will occur at greater depths and the opposite in areas that are hot. Volkswagen Golf (1989). Most earthquakes occur in narrow regions around plate boundaries down to depths of a few tens of kilometres where the crust is rigid enough to support the elastic strain. Morris Minor (1961). Large numbers of earthquakes occur on a daily basis on Earth, but the majority of them are detected only by seismometers and cause no damage . This car was "pimped" for The Tonight Show announcer John Melendez.

. Jeep Wrangler

. Seismic waves including some strong enough to be felt by humans can also be caused by explosions (chemical or nuclear), landslides, and collapse of old mine shafts, though these sources are not strictly earthquakes. Chevrolet Panel Truck (1957). Most earthquakes are tectonic, but they also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust. Buick Century (1986). Earthquakes related to plate tectonics are called tectonic earthquakes. Ford Taurus (1989).

Events located at plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes; the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes (see, for example, New Madrid Seismic Zone). Chevrolet Chevelle convertible (1968). The highest stress (and possible weakest zones) are most often found at the boundaries of the tectonic plates and hence these locations are where the majority of earthquakes occur. Dodge Caravan (1988). Earthquakes occur where the stress resulting from the differential motion of these plates exceeds the strength of the crust. Chevrolet C10 (1986). The Earth's lithosphere is a patch work of plates in slow but constant motion (see plate tectonics). Toyota Corolla (2003).

The word earthquake is also widely used to indicate the source region itself. AMC Pacer (1976). Earthquakes typically result from the movement of faults, planar zones of deformation within the Earth's upper crust. Mitsubishi Eclipse (1998). Earthquakes result from the dynamic release of elastic strain energy that radiates seismic waves. Toyota Van LE (1986). An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earth's surface. Chevrolet Bel Air (1955).

Lake Tanganyika earthquake (2005). Honda Civic (1988). Many more at risk from the Kashmiri winter. This was a former Police car. Killed over 79,000 people. Chevrolet Caprice (1996)

. Kashmir earthquake (2005). Chevrolet Cavalier Convertible (1991).

Fukuoka earthquake (2005). Chevrolet S10. Sumatran Earthquake (2005). Ford Econoline (1985). Triggered a tsunami which caused nearly 300,000 deaths spanning several countries. The 19-year old owner was hoping to become a mechanic, so WCC and Xzibit decided to let him restore his car himself and procured a 2005 Toyota 4Runner to "pimp". Epicenter off the coast of the Indonesian island Sumatra. Ford Fairlane (1963)

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One of the largest earthquakes ever recorded at 9.0. Of note is that the game uses a fastback, while the pimped car was a coupe. Indian Ocean Earthquake (2004). Produced as a replica tie-in with the video game Need for Speed: Underground 2. Chuetsu Earthquake (2004). Nissan 240SX (1989)

. Not large (6.0), but the most anticipated and intensely instrumented earthquake ever recorded and likely to offer insights into predicting future earthquakes elsewhere on similar slip-strike fault structures. Acura Legend (1988).

Parkfield, California earthquake (2004). Chevrolet S-10 Blazer (1987). Bam Earthquake (2003). Chevrolet Suburban (1985). Dudley Earthquake (2002). Volkswagen Bus (1958). Gujarat Earthquake (2001). Turned into a knock-off replica of a BMW M3.

Nisqually Earthquake (2001). Ford Escort (1991)

. Chi-Chi earthquake (1999). The wheels on it were 24 carat gold, which were worth more than the car itself. Düzce earthquake (1999). Cadillac Eldorado (1984)
. İzmit earthquake (1999) Killed over 17,000 in northwestern Turkey. This was two Escorts welded together, and was deemed unsafe for the road, so WCC and Xzibit procured a 2004 Scion xB and "pimped" that instead.

Killed over 6,400 people in and around Kobe, Japan. Ford Escort (1989)

. Great Hanshin earthquake (1995). Toyota Land Cruiser (1972). Damage showed seismic resistance deficiencies in modern low-rise apartment construction. Honda CRX (1987). Northridge, California earthquake (1994). Volkswagen Baja Bug (1969).

Revealed necessity of accelerated seismic retrofit of road and bridge structures. The Nissan was referred to as the 'identity crisis' because of the Datsun and Nissan badges. Severely affecting Santa Cruz, San Francisco and Oakland in California. Nissan Maxima Station Wagon (1984)

. Loma Prieta earthquake (1989). Mustang Convertible (1989). Killed over 25,000. Chevrolet LUV Truck (1974).

Armenian earthquake (1988). This pimped-out vehicle had a coffee maker installed in a center console and a chandelier in place of the dome light. Whittier Narrows earthquake (1987). When the Trans Am was being pimped, some of the WCC crew made references to Smokey and the Bandit. 8.1 on the Richter Scale, killed over 6,500 people (though it is believed as many as 30,000 may have died, due to missing people never reappearing.). Pontiac Trans Am (1981)

. Great Mexican Earthquake (1985). Ford Ranger (1985).

The official death toll was 255,000, but many experts believe that two or three times that number died. Ford Mustang (1967). The most destructive earthquake of modern times. Mitsubishi Mirage (1989). Tangshan earthquake (1976). Honda Civic (1992). Caused great and unexpected destruction of freeway bridges and flyways in the San Fernando Valley, leading to the first major seismic retrofits of these types of structures, but not at a sufficient pace to avoid the next California freeway collapse in 1989. Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme (1986).

Sylmar earthquake (1971). Cadillac Sedan de Ville (1978). Caused a landslide that buried the town of Yungay, Peru; killed over 40,000 people. Daihatsu Hi-Jet (1988). Ancash earthquake (1970). the heavily pierced tire-specialist Alex. Good Friday Earthquake (1964) Alaskan earthquake. tough-looking interior and fabric maven Ish, and.

Biggest earthquake ever recorded, 9.5 on Moment magnitude scale. electronics (and outrageous engineering) expert Mad Mike,. Great Chilean Earthquake (1960). the appropriately named Big Dane,. Kamchatka earthquakes (1952 and 1737). On the Japanese island of Honshu, killing over 140,000 in Tokyo and environs.

Great Kanto earthquake (1923). San Francisco Earthquake (1906). Largest earthquake in the Southeast and killed 100. Charleston earthquake (1886).

Fort Tejon Earthquake (1857). New Madrid Earthquake (1811). Lisbon earthquake (1755). Kamchatka earthquakes (1737 and 1952).

Cascadia Earthquake (1700). Deadliest known earthquake in history, estimated to have killed 830,000 in China. Shaanxi Earthquake (1556). San Andreas Fault.

New Madrid Fault Zone. North Anatolian Fault Zone. Hayward Fault Zone. Calaveras Fault.

Alpine Fault. Earthquake prediction. Seismic retrofit. Household seismic safety.

Emergency preparedness. an earthquake of 5.6 or larger every 100 years. an earthquake of 4.7 or larger every 10 years. an earthquake of 3.7 or larger every 1 year.