This page will contain external links about Delaware, as they become available.

Delaware

For other uses, see Delaware (disambiguation).
State nickname: The First State
Other U.S. States
Capital Dover
Largest city Wilmington
Governor Ruth Ann Minner
Official languages None
Area 6,452 km² (49th)
 - Land 5,068 km²
 - Water 1,387 km² (21.5%)
Population (2000)
 - Population 783,600 (45th)
 - Density 154.87 /km² (7th)
Admission into Union
 - Date December 7, 1787
 - Order 1st
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Latitude 38°27'N to 39°50'N
Longitude 75°2'W to 75°47'W
Width 48 km
Length 161 km
Elevation
 - Highest 137 m
 - Mean 18 m
 - Lowest 0 m
Abbreviations
 - USPS DE
 - ISO 3166-2 US-DE
Web site delaware.gov

Delaware is a state of the United States. It is known as the "First State" because it was the first of the 13 colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. Ratification occurred on December 7, 1787.

History

Europeans first settled in a Dutch trading post at "Zwaanendael" (or "Swaanendael," present-day Lewes (pronounced "Lewis")) in 1631. The area became "New Sweden" with a colony established by Swedes (led by Peter Minuit) around Fort Christina (now Wilmington) in 1638.

The name "Delaware" comes from the title of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, erstwhile governor of the colony of Virginia. The deed to the property that is now Delaware was granted to William Penn in 1682, by James, Duke of York (later, James II of England), and was part of the colony of Pennsylvania. In 1704 the "three lower counties" gained a separate legislature, and in 1710 a separate executive council.

However, Cĉcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore of Maryland claimed a competing grant to lands in the southern portion of Pennsylvania and most of Delaware. Thus raged over 100 years of litigation between William Penn and Baltimore, and, later, their heirs, in the High Court of Chancery in London. The legal battles were settled by the heirs agreeing to a survey -- which resulted in the Mason-Dixon line, surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767. Part of the Line now forms the east-west boundary between Delaware and Maryland, and part of the north-south boundary between Pennsylvania and Delaware (this section, known as The Wedge was in dispute up till 1921), and some 80 of their original limestone markers remain. The remanider of the border between Pennsylvania and Delaware is formed by an arc known as The Twelve-Mile Circle. The north-south boundary between Delaware and Maryland is known as the Transpeninsular Line. Several towns on the borders between Delaware and Maryland are divided by these lines.

Delaware was one of the thirteen colonies which revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. After the Revolution began in 1776, the three counties became "The Delaware State," and in 1792 that entity adopted its first constitution, declaring itself to be the "State of Delaware." Its first governors went by the title of "President of the Delaware State".

The oldest black church in the country was chartered in Delaware by former-slave Peter Spencer in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans," which is now the A.U.M.P. Church. The Big August Quarterly which began in 1814 is still celebrated and is the oldest such cultural festival in the country.

During the American Civil War, Delaware was a slave state that remained in the Union (Delaware voters voted not to secede on January 3, 1861). Eight months after the end of the Civil War, however, Delaware voted on February 18, 1865 to reject the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution and so voted unsuccessfully to continue slavery beyond the Civil War. Delaware ratified the amendment on February 12, 1901--40 years after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.

Law and government

Delaware's fourth and current constitution was adopted in 1897 and provides for executive, judicial and legislative bodies. The legislative body consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Delaware and the judicial branch provides for a hierarchy of courts with the state Supreme Court being the highest.

The present governor of Delaware is Ruth Ann Minner (Democrat). The lieutenant governor is John C. Carney. Delaware is also one of the few states (California being another) that elect the governor and lieutenant governor separately. Delaware's U.S. Senators are Joseph R. Biden (Democrat) and Thomas Carper (Democrat). Delaware's single US Representative is former Governor, Michael N. Castle (Republican). See: List of Delaware Governors Delaware only has 3 counties: Kent County, New Castle County, and Sussex County. See: List of counties in Delaware

Delaware has one of the few remaining Courts of Chancery in the nation, which has jurisdiction over equity cases.

Geography

Map of Delaware

Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania, to the east by the Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean and to the west and south by Maryland. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the far, or eastern, side of the Delaware River Estuary, and these small parcels share land boundaries with New Jersey. The largest city is Wilmington, and the capital is Dover.

The state of Delaware, together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland and two counties of Virginia, form the Delmarva Peninsula, a geographical unit stretching far down the Mid-Atlantic coast.

The U.S. Air Force base outside Dover is one of the largest in the U.S. In addition to its other responsibilities, Dover AFB serves as the entry point and morgue for American military persons (and some U.S. government civilians) who die overseas.

There are no network broadcast-television stations in Delaware, although a public-television station from Philadelphia, WHYY, maintains a studio and broadcasting facility in Wilmington. Philadelphia station, Channel 6 WPVI also maintains a bureau in downtown Wilmington. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the southern part by network stations in Salisbury, Maryland.

Topography

Delaware lies on a level plain, the highest elevation being less than 442 feet above the sea. The northern part is hilly, with a rolling surface, but below New Castle the ground is flat and sandy and in some parts swampy. A ridge about 70 feet in altitude extends along the western boundary of the state and is the watershed for the affluents of the Delaware in the east and of several streams falling into Chesapeake Bay. The principal streams are the Christina and the Brandywine rivers. The Chritiana is navigable for large ships as far as Wilmington. The coast of Delaware Bay is marshy; the Atlantic coast has many sand beaches, inclosing shallow lagoons. The largest of these are Rehoboth Bay, Indian River Bay, and a portion of St. Martin's Bay. The only harbors of consequence are Wilmington, Lewes, and New Castle.

Climate

Since the great majority of Delaware is a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the climate is moderated by the effects of the ocean. The southern third of the state has a mild subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. the middle portion is the transition to the upper portion of the state, which has a warm continental climate and receives occasional winter snowfall.

Demographics

Important cities

Wilmington is a separate developed city in northern Delaware. However, because of its proximity, it acts as both a job hub and suburb with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Top 10 richest places in Delaware

Ranked by per capita income

  1. Greenville: $83,223
  2. Henlopen Acres: $82,091
  3. South Bethany: $53,624
  4. Dewey Beach: $51,958
  5. Fenwick Island: $44,415
  6. Bethany Beach: $41,306
  7. Hockessin: $40,516
  8. North Star: $39,677
  9. Rehoboth Beach: $38,494
  10. Ardentown: $35,577
For more see the complete list of places

Economy

The gross state product of Delaware in 2003 was $49 billion. The per capita personal income was $34,199, ranking 9th in the nation.

Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry, nursery stock, soybeans, dairy products and corn. Its industrial outputs include chemical products, processed foods, paper products, rubber and plastic products. Delaware's economy generally outperforms the national economy of the United States. Its largest employers are concentrated in science (E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Syngenta, AstraZeneca, Hercules), banking (MBNA America, Wilmington Trust Company, First USA / Bank One, JPMorgan Chase, AIG, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank), manufacturing (General Motors, Chrysler), and farming, specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue, Mountaire Farms).

Education

Colleges and universities

Professional sports teams

Delaware's only two professional sports teams are the Wilmington Blue Rocks minor league baseball team, a Class A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox, and the Delaware Griffins, part of the Women's Professional Football League.

Miscellaneous information

The USS Delaware was named in honor of this state.

Other places named Delaware

The Delaware River is a major river in the eastern United States, rising in New York State, forming the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and emptying into Delaware Bay, which separates New Jersey from the state of Delaware.

Delaware Native Americans

Delaware is also the name of a Native American group (called in their own name Lenni Lenape) that was very influential in the dawning days of the United States. However, a band of the Nanticoke tribe of Indians still remains in Sussex County.


This page about Delaware includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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However, a band of the Nanticoke tribe of Indians still remains in Sussex County. For 40 years, The Bachelor's Beat, a paid weekly newspaper has covered local politics while selling ads for area strip clubs and escort services. Delaware is also the name of a Native American group (called in their own name Lenni Lenape) that was very influential in the dawning days of the United States. In addition, the city is also served by numerous free neighborhood papers and weeklies such as the Phoenix New Times, Arizona State University's State Press, and the College Times. The Delaware River is a major river in the eastern United States, rising in New York State, forming the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and emptying into Delaware Bay, which separates New Jersey from the state of Delaware. The city has two major newspapers: The Arizona Republic serves the greater metropolitan area and The East Valley Tribune tends to focus on East Valley issues. The USS Delaware was named in honor of this state. By this time, the paper had progressed from a weekly publication to semiweekly.

Delaware's only two professional sports teams are the Wilmington Blue Rocks minor league baseball team, a Class A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox, and the Delaware Griffins, part of the Women's Professional Football League. It later changed its name to the Phoenix Herald in 1880. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Syngenta, AstraZeneca, Hercules), banking (MBNA America, Wilmington Trust Company, First USA / Bank One, JPMorgan Chase, AIG, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank), manufacturing (General Motors, Chrysler), and farming, specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue, Mountaire Farms). Phoenix's first publication was the Salt River Valley Herald. Its largest employers are concentrated in science (E.I. FM. Delaware's economy generally outperforms the national economy of the United States. AM.

Its industrial outputs include chemical products, processed foods, paper products, rubber and plastic products. This list is incomplete.. Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry, nursery stock, soybeans, dairy products and corn. Phoenix is served by several major television stations:. The per capita personal income was $34,199, ranking 9th in the nation. Out of the total population, 21.0% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The gross state product of Delaware in 2003 was $49 billion. 15.8% of the population and 11.5% of families were below the poverty line.

Ranked by per capita income. The per capita income for the city was $19,833. However, because of its proximity, it acts as both a job hub and suburb with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Males had a median income of $32,820 versus $27,466 for females. Wilmington is a separate developed city in northern Delaware. The median income for a household in the city was $41,207, and the median income for a family was $46,467. the middle portion is the transition to the upper portion of the state, which has a warm continental climate and receives occasional winter snowfall. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The southern third of the state has a mild subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. For every 100 females there were 103.5 males. Since the great majority of Delaware is a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the climate is moderated by the effects of the ocean. The median age was 31 years. The only harbors of consequence are Wilmington, Lewes, and New Castle. In the city the population age distribution was 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. Martin's Bay. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.39.

The largest of these are Rehoboth Bay, Indian River Bay, and a portion of St. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The coast of Delaware Bay is marshy; the Atlantic coast has many sand beaches, inclosing shallow lagoons. There were 465,834 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. The Chritiana is navigable for large ships as far as Wilmington. 34.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any country origin. The principal streams are the Christina and the Brandywine rivers. The racial makeup of the city was 71.07% White, 5.10% African American, 2.02% Native American, 2.00% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 16.40% from other races, and 3.28% from two or more races.

A ridge about 70 feet in altitude extends along the western boundary of the state and is the watershed for the affluents of the Delaware in the east and of several streams falling into Chesapeake Bay. There were 495,832 housing units at an average density of 403/km² (1,044/mi²). The northern part is hilly, with a rolling surface, but below New Castle the ground is flat and sandy and in some parts swampy. The population density was 1,074/km² (2,782/mi²). Delaware lies on a level plain, the highest elevation being less than 442 feet above the sea. At the census of 2000, there were 1,321,045 people, 465,834 households, and 307,450 families residing in the city. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the southern part by network stations in Salisbury, Maryland. At its height, in the 1940s, the Phoenix area had 3 military bases: Luke Field (still in use), Falcon Field, and Williams-Gateway Field, with numerous auxillary air fields located throughout the region.

Philadelphia station, Channel 6 WPVI also maintains a bureau in downtown Wilmington. The military has a significant presence in Phoenix with Luke Air Force Base located in the western suburbs. There are no network broadcast-television stations in Delaware, although a public-television station from Philadelphia, WHYY, maintains a studio and broadcasting facility in Wilmington. Due to the warm climate in winter, Phoenix benefits greatly from seasonal tourism and recreation, and has a particularly vibrant golf industry. In addition to its other responsibilities, Dover AFB serves as the entry point and morgue for American military persons (and some U.S. government civilians) who die overseas. Numerous high-tech and telecommunications companies have located in the Valley of the Sun. Arizona State University has enhanced the area's population through education and its growing research capabilities. Air Force base outside Dover is one of the largest in the U.S. Many of the area's residents are employed by the state government since Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.

The U.S. Formerly an agricultural economy dependent mostly on cotton and citrus farming, Phoenix in the last two decades has diversified as rapidly as the population has grown. The state of Delaware, together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland and two counties of Virginia, form the Delmarva Peninsula, a geographical unit stretching far down the Mid-Atlantic coast. Public education in Phoenix if provided by about 30 school districts. The largest city is Wilmington, and the capital is Dover. The new annexation is sparsely populated (if at all) and new development is not expected in the near future. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the far, or eastern, side of the Delaware River Estuary, and these small parcels share land boundaries with New Jersey. The 15th remains unnamed; it is listed as "New Village" on the city's Village Planning Committee website [1] (http://phoenix.gov/PLANNING/vpcommtt.html). This village was created in 2004 after the approval of new annexations in extreme northern Maricopa County.

Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania, to the east by the Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean and to the west and south by Maryland. 14 of the urban villages are:. Delaware has one of the few remaining Courts of Chancery in the nation, which has jurisdiction over equity cases. Their primary purpose is to assist the City Council with zoning and planning ordinances. See: List of counties in Delaware. Phoenix is divided into 15 "urban villages". See: List of Delaware Governors Delaware only has 3 counties: Kent County, New Castle County, and Sussex County. There is an 8-person city council that represents 8 individual districts in the city of Phoenix.

Castle (Republican). The current mayor of Phoenix is Phil Gordon. Delaware's single US Representative is former Governor, Michael N. The city of Phoenix is served by a council-manager form of government. Biden (Democrat) and Thomas Carper (Democrat). Snow also fell on March 12, 1917 November 28, 1919, and December 11, 1985. Senators are Joseph R. Most recently, 0.4 inches (1 cm) fell on December 21-22, 1990.

Delaware's U.S. Another 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) fell on January 20, 1933. On February 2, 1935, 0.5 inches (1 cm) fell. Delaware is also one of the few states (California being another) that elect the governor and lieutenant governor separately. The heaviest snowstorm occurred on January 20-21, 1937, when 1 to 4 inches fell (2 to 10 cm) in parts of the city and did not melt entirely for four days. Carney. Snow falls roughly one year in four, but since recording commenced in 1896 it has accumulated to 0.1 inch (0.25 cm) only 7 times. The present governor of Delaware is Ruth Ann Minner (Democrat). The lieutenant governor is John C. Successive winters without any frosts at the airport have been recorded, and the longest period without a freeze stretched from November 23, 1979 to January 31, 1985.

The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Delaware and the judicial branch provides for a hierarchy of courts with the state Supreme Court being the highest. The earliest frost on record occurred November 3, 1946, and the latest April 4, 1945. The legislative body consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. Some areas of Phoenix may see frost for a month or more before and after the airport readings. Delaware's fourth and current constitution was adopted in 1897 and provides for executive, judicial and legislative bodies. At the airport, the mean date of first frost is December 12 and the last is February 7; however, these dates do not represent the city as a whole because the frequency of freezes varies considerably among terrain types and elevations. Delaware ratified the amendment on February 12, 1901--40 years after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Severe thunderstorms—bringing strong winds, large hail, or tornadoes—can occur during any month of the year, but only happen an average of once or twice per year somewhere in the metropolitan area.

Eight months after the end of the Civil War, however, Delaware voted on February 18, 1865 to reject the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution and so voted unsuccessfully to continue slavery beyond the Civil War. The wind-front creates a haboob, a wall of dust thousands of feet high. During the American Civil War, Delaware was a slave state that remained in the Union (Delaware voters voted not to secede on January 3, 1861). Blowing dust and sand, which also can restrict visibility, accompany the collapse of monsoonal thunderstorms. The Big August Quarterly which began in 1814 is still celebrated and is the oldest such cultural festival in the country. Fog is observed from time to time during the winter months. Church. Winter storms moving inland from the Pacific Ocean occasionally produce significant rains but occur infrequently.

The oldest black church in the country was chartered in Delaware by former-slave Peter Spencer in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans," which is now the A.U.M.P. Although thunderstorms occur on occasion during every month of the year, they are most common during the monsoon season from July to mid-September as humid air surges in from the Gulf of California. After the Revolution began in 1776, the three counties became "The Delaware State," and in 1792 that entity adopted its first constitution, declaring itself to be the "State of Delaware." Its first governors went by the title of "President of the Delaware State". Rain is particularly scarce from April through June. Delaware was one of the thirteen colonies which revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. March is the wettest month of the year (1.07 inches or 27 mm). Several towns on the borders between Delaware and Maryland are divided by these lines. The normal annual rainfall at Sky Harbor International Airport is 8.29 inches (211 mm).

The north-south boundary between Delaware and Maryland is known as the Transpeninsular Line. The dry Arizona air makes the hot temperatures more tolerable early in the season; however, the influx of monsoonal moisture has been known to make August in Phoenix almost as humid as summers in the Southeastern United States. The remanider of the border between Pennsylvania and Delaware is formed by an arc known as The Twelve-Mile Circle. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all-time high of 122 °F (50 °C). Part of the Line now forms the east-west boundary between Delaware and Maryland, and part of the north-south boundary between Pennsylvania and Delaware (this section, known as The Wedge was in dispute up till 1921), and some 80 of their original limestone markers remain. In every year except 1911, the temperature has soared to 110 °F (43 °C) or higher. The legal battles were settled by the heirs agreeing to a survey -- which resulted in the Mason-Dixon line, surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767. The temperature reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C) on an average of 89 days during the year, including most days from early June through early September.

Thus raged over 100 years of litigation between William Penn and Baltimore, and, later, their heirs, in the High Court of Chancery in London. Clear blue skies are typical, with an average of 300 sunny days a year. However, Cĉcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore of Maryland claimed a competing grant to lands in the southern portion of Pennsylvania and most of Delaware. The total area is 0.05% water. In 1704 the "three lower counties" gained a separate legislature, and in 1710 a separate executive council. 1,229.9 km² (474.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The deed to the property that is now Delaware was granted to William Penn in 1682, by James, Duke of York (later, James II of England), and was part of the colony of Pennsylvania. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,230.5 km² (475.1 mi²).

The name "Delaware" comes from the title of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, erstwhile governor of the colony of Virginia. Current development (as of 2005) is pushing rapidly beyond the geographic boundaries to the north and west, south through Pinal County towards Tucson, and beginning to surround the large Salt River and Gila River reservations. The area became "New Sweden" with a colony established by Swedes (led by Peter Minuit) around Fort Christina (now Wilmington) in 1638. Within the city are the Phoenix Mountains and South Mountains. Europeans first settled in a Dutch trading post at "Zwaanendael" (or "Swaanendael," present-day Lewes (pronounced "Lewis")) in 1631. The Phoenix metropolitan area is surrounded by the McDowell Mountains to the northeast, the White Tank Mountains to the west, the Superstition Mountains far to the east, and the Sierra Estrella to the southwest. Ratification occurred on December 7, 1787. During periods of increased precipitation such as late 2004/early 2005 its current can become quite strong and regular.

It is known as the "First State" because it was the first of the 13 colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. The dams are deflated to allow the river to flow unimpeded during releases. Delaware is a state of the United States. The city of Tempe has built two inflatable dams in the Salt River to create a year-round recreational lake, called Tempe Town Lake. Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The Salt River runs westward through the city of Phoenix; it is typical to see the riverbed entirely dry except when unexpected runoff forces the release of water from any of the several dams upriver. Delaware County, New York. Major retirement communities include Sun Lakes, Sun City, and Sun City West. The community of Ahwatukee is a part of the City of Phoenix itself, but is almost entirely separated from it by South Mountain.

Delaware County, Iowa. The Greater Phoenix area has a population of 3.2 million and includes Mesa, Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe, Chandler, Gilbert, Peoria and many smaller communities such as Goodyear, Fountain Hills, Litchfield Park, and Anthem. Delaware, Ohio. It lies at a mean elevation of 1,117 feet (340 m) in the heart of the Sonoran Desert. Ardentown: $35,577. Phoenix is located at 33°31'42" North, 112°4'35" West (33.528370°, -112.076300°)1 in the Phoenix Valley or "Valley of the Sun" in central Arizona. Rehoboth Beach: $38,494. Thousands of citizens have served on various city committees, boards and commissions to assure that major decisions are in the best interest of the people.

North Star: $39,677. The hallmark of an All-America City is the extent to which its private citizens get involved in the workings of their government. Hockessin: $40,516. Phoenix has been selected four times since 1950 as an All-America City, rare among larger cities. Bethany Beach: $41,306. The city had 148 miles (238 km) of paved streets and 163 miles (262 km) of unpaved streets, a total of 311 miles (501 km) of streets within the city limits. Fenwick Island: $44,415. In 1950, 105,000 people lived within the city limits and thousands more lived in adjacent communities and depended upon Phoenix for their livelihoods.

Dewey Beach: $51,958. Luke Field, Williams Field and Falcon Field, coupled with the giant ground-training center at Hyder, west of Phoenix, brought thousands of men into Phoenix. South Bethany: $53,624. Phoenix rapidly turned into an embryonic industrial city with mass production of military supplies. Henlopen Acres: $82,091. 1940 marked another turning point, as the war changed Phoenix from a farming center to a distribution center. Greenville: $83,223. By 1920, Phoenix had a population of 29,053 inhabitants, which by 1930 had grown by 60%, to 48,118.

Phoenix began to grow into a young metropolis. At its present size of 16,500 acres (67 km2), South Mountain Park is the largest metropolitan park in the world, and it entertains 3 million visitors each year. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge sold 13,000 acres (53 km²) of South Mountain to the city of Phoenix for $17,000. Phoenix was one of the first cities in the United States to have this form of city government.

In 1913, Phoenix changed its form of government from mayor-council to council-manager. On February 14, 1912, President William Howard Taft approved Arizona's statehood, making Phoenix the state capital. It created Roosevelt Lake, expanded irrigation of land in the Valley for farming, and increased the water supply for the growing population. On May 18, 1911, the Theodore Roosevelt Dam, then the largest masonry dam in the world, began operation.

It functions to this day as the major agency for controlled use of irrigation water in the Valley. Valley of the Sun residents were quick to supplement this federal action by organizing the Salt River Valley Waters Users' Association on February 4, 1903, to assure proper management of the precious water supply. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the National Reclamation Act making it possible to build dams on western streams for reclamation purposes. This building also provided temporary offices for the territorial government when it moved to Phoenix from Prescott in 1889.

In early 1888, the city offices were moved into the new City Hall, built where the downtown bus terminal now stands. In recognition of the increased tempo of economic life, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was organized on November 4, 1888. Phoenix became a trade center with its products reaching eastern and western markets. Merchandise now flowed into the city by rail instead of wagon.

The coming of the railroad in the 1880s was the first of several important events that revolutionized the economy of Phoenix. Monihon, 127 to 107, to become the city's first Mayor. Alsap defeated James D. Phoenix was incorporated with a population of approximately 2,500, and on May 3, 1881, Phoenix held its first city election, in which Judge John T.

Fremont on February 25, 1881. The 11th Territorial Legislature passed the Phoenix Charter Bill, incorporating Phoenix and providing for a mayor-council government. The bill was signed by Governor John C. By 1881, Phoenix had outgrown its original townsite-commissioner form of government. The total cost of the Phoenix Townsite of 320 acres (1.3 km2) was $550, including all expenses for services.

On April 10, 1874, President Grant issued a land patent for the present site of Phoenix. Miss Nellie Shaver, a newcomer from Wisconsin, was appointed as the first female schoolteacher in Phoenix. By October 1873, a small adobe school building was completed on Center Street (now Central Avenue), a short distance north of where the San Carlos Hotel now stands. The first public school in Phoenix opened on September 5, 1872, in the courtroom of the county building.

The first county election in Maricopa County was held in 1871, when Tom Barnum was elected the first sheriff of Maricopa County. Maricopa county gave up portions in 1875 and 1881 to help form Pinal and Gila counties, respectively. On February 12, 1871, the territorial legislature created Maricopa County, the sixth in the state, by dividing Yavapai County. They recommended the North 1/2 of section 8 Township 1 N., Range 3 E. and that the town be called Phoenix.

The area was surveyed in 1870 and mass meeting of the citizens of Salt River Valley was held on October 20, 1870, to select a suitable piece of unimproved public land for a town site. The Phoenix post office was established June 15, 1868, with Jack Swilling as postmaster. The town of Phoenix was officially recognized on May 4, 1868, when the Board of Supervisors of Yavapai County (which at the time encompassed Phoenix), formed an election precinct there. Darrel Duppa recommended the name Phoenix, memorializing the birth of a new civilization from the ruins left by the Hohokam.

As for the town that was to be built, Swilling, a former Confederate soldier, wanted to name it Stonewall, after Stonewall Jackson; others suggested Salina. It would later become Hellinwg Mill, Mill City, then East Phoenix. The area was named Swilling's Mill in his honor. By 1868, he and others from Wickenburg had dug a short canal from the Salt River and founded a small farming colony approximately four miles (6 km) east of the present city (about 22 miles west of Mesa, which was already a city of 1,000 people; and a few miles northwest of a similar farming community at Hayden's Ferry, which would become Tempe).

All it needed was water. He saw farmland, predominantly free of rocks, and beyond the reach of heavy frost or snow. He looked down across the expansive Salt River Valley and his eyes caught the rich gleam of the brown, dry soil turned up by the horse's hooves. In 1867, Jack Swilling of Wickenburg stopped to rest his horse at the foot of the north slopes of the White Tank Mountains.

Prolonged drought may have destroyed or displaced them; or, they may be the ancestors of the modern Pima Indians who now live on the Salt River and Gila River reservations, or the Tohono O'odham Indians who live in southern Arizona. remains a mystery. 1450 A.D. Their disappearance ca.

Their irrigation system comprised some 135 miles (217 km) of canals. They were industrious, enterprising, and imaginative. They also lived in the Pueblo Grande ruins between 700 and 1400 A.D. Their name is derived from the Pima (Akimel O'otham) phrase, Ho Ho Kam, "the people who have gone".

They were the first to farm there, building an elaborate canal system that brought water from the Salt River. The earliest settlers in the Valley of the Sun were the Hohokam people, who lived there as early as 300 BC. 'the place is hot') in Navajo (a language spoken in Arizona & New Mexico) and Fiinigis in Western Apache (a language spoken in Arizona). Phoenix is called Hoodzo (lit.

It is the county seat of Maricopa County and the principal city of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Phoenix was incorporated on February 5, 1881.
. Phoenix ranked:.

Phoenix is the capital, largest city and largest metropolitan area in the state of Arizona, United States. U Turn. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. Used Cars.

The Prophecy. Bad Santa. Jerry Maguire. Waiting to Exhale.

Raising Arizona. Psycho. The Gauntlet. Chastity (http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/issues/2005-03-17/film/film.html).

Modem. Mr. Frank Lloyd Wright, renowned architect. Felicity Willis.

Dot Wilkinson. Danny White, former pro football star. Michele Timms. Tovrea.

Edward A. Shannon Smith. Ahmed Santos. Axl Rose.

Rick Romley, former Maricopa County attorney. Freddie Roach. Dan Quayle, former US Vice President. Naibe Reynoso.

Nicole Powell. Sandra Day O'Connor, US Supreme Court Justice. Brandy Norwood. Leslie Nielsen.

Stevie Nicks. Arturo Moreno. Phil Mickelson. Alex Kump.

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross. Keating Jr. Charles H. Bil Keane.

Randy Johnson. Kevin Johnson. Jenna Jameson. Carl Hayden, former US Senator.

Gordon Liddy. G. Jesus Gonzalez. Luis Gonzalez.

Barry Goldwater, former US Senator and 1964 presidential candidate. Cotton Fitzsimmons. Terri Fields. Louie Espinoza.

Milton Erickson. Hugh Downs. John Dillinger. Joe Diaz.

Jose Miguel Cotto. Alice Cooper. Jerry Colangelo, founder of Phoenix Suns and Arizona Diamondbacks. Linda Cobb.

Michael Carbajal. Glen Campbell. Yori Boy Campas. Michelle Branch.

Danny Bonaduce. Erma Bombeck. Charles Barkley, former basketball player for Phoenix Suns. Bruce Babbitt, former governor of Arizona, and US Interior Secretary.

Joe Arpaio, sheriff of Maricopa County. The Tradition, PGA Champions Tour. Standard Register Turquoise Classic, LPGA. FBR Open, PGA TOUR.

Insight Bowl at Bank One Ballpark. Fiesta Bowl at Arizona State University's Sun Devil Stadium. Sun Devil Stadium, home of the Arizona State Sun Devils. Phoenix International Raceway, Indy Racing League and NASCAR.

Manzanita Speedway, sprint car racing. Glendale Arena, home of the Phoenix Coyotes. Firebird International Raceway, boat racing, drag racing, road course. Bank One Ballpark, home of the Arizona Diamondbacks.

America West Arena, home of the Phoenix Suns. Arizona Sting, National Lacrosse League (team plays in Glendale). Arizona Rattlers, Arena Football League. Phoenix Roadrunners, ECHL.

Phoenix Coyotes, National Hockey League (team plays in Glendale). Phoenix Mercury, Women's National Basketball Association. Phoenix Suns, National Basketball Association. Arizona Cardinals, National Football League (team plays in Tempe, and is building a stadium in Glendale).

Arizona Diamondbacks, Major League Baseball. 107.9 - KMLE - Country. 103.9 - KEDJ - Alternative Rock (The Edge). 103.1 - KCDX-FM- 60s-80s album rock (no DJs, no commercials).

101.5 - KZON - Alternative Rock (The Zone). 100.7 - KSLX - Classic Rock. 97.9 - KUPD - Album Rock (98 KUPD). 96.9 - KMXP - Adult Contemporary.

95.5 - KYOT - Smooth Jazz. 93.3 - KDKB - Album Rock - Mesa. 92.7 / 101.1 KNRJ-FM - Dance/Club Music - Payson. 91.5 - KJZZ - Public Radio: News/Talk days; Jazz: M-F eve; Blues: Sun eve.

89.5 - KBAQ - Classical - Phoenix. 1580 - KMIK - Radio Disney - Mesa. 1510 - KFNN - Finance - Fox - Mesa. 1480 - KPHX - Comedy Radio (via satellite) - Phoenix.

1440 - KAZG - Oldies - Scottsdale. 1400 - KSUN - Regional Mexican Music - Phoenix. 1360 - KPXQ - Religious/Talk - Glendale. 1310 - KXAM - Talk - CNN - Mesa.

1280 - KXEG - Christian - Phoenix. 1230 - KOY - Nostalgia - CNN - Clear Channel. 1190 - KMYL - Talk - NBC - Tolleson. 1150 - KCKY - Spanish Christian - Coolidge.

1100 - KFNX - News/Talk - CNN - - Cave Creek. 1060 - KDUS - Sports - Sporting News - Tempe. 1010 - KXXT - Air America Radio - Tolleson. 960 - KKNT - "The Patriot" - News/Talk Radio - Salem Broadcasting.

910 - KGME - Sports - Clear Channel. 860 - KMVP - Sports - ESPN. 740 - KDIR - Spanish talk (Radio Formula network from Mexico) - Phoenix. 710 - KMIA - Spanish News/Talk (Radiovisa network) - Black Canyon City.

620 - KTAR - News/Talk Radio - ABC. 550 - KFYI - Conservative Talk Radio - Fox - Clear Channel. KASW-61 (WB 6, WB). KPPX-51 (PAX 51, PAX).

KDRX-48 (Telemundo). KUTP-45 (UPN 45, UPN). KTVW-33 (Univision). KAZT-27 (AZTV 27 Prescott, Independent).

KPAZ-21 (Channel 21, TBN). KNXV-15 (ABC 15, ABC). KPNX-12 (Channel 12, NBC). KSAZ-10 (FOX 10, FOX).

KAET-8 (Channel 8, PBS). KPHO-5 (CBS 5, CBS). KTVK-3 (3TV, Independent). The Vanguard Group.

Wells Fargo. Wal-Mart. UPS. Industries.

Trujillo Corp. Southwest Airlines. Safeway. Shamrock Foods Company (Private).

Qwest Communications. Pulte Homes, Inc (Owner of Del Webb). Motorola. Kroger (Parent of Fry's Food).

Intel. Morgan Chase (Acquired Bank One). J.P. Honeywell International.

General Dynamics. Gannett (Arizona Republic). Freescale (Spin-off of Motorola). Dial Corporation (Owned by Henkel KGaA).

Cyclone Commerce Inc. Cox Communications. Boeing. Bashas' Inc (Private).

Banner Health Systems (Formerly Samaritan Health System). Bank of America. American Express. Amerco Inc (Parent of U-Haul).

Albertsons. Viad Corp. U-Haul. Industries.

Trujillo Corp. Three-Five Systems Inc. Taser International Inc. Swift Transportation Co.

(Goodyear-based Potato Chip maker). Poore Brothers, Inc. Chang's China Bistro, Inc. P.F.

Pinnacle West Capital Corp (Parent Company of APS). Phelps Dodge Corporation. Petsmart Inc. Mobile Mini Inc.

MicroChip Technology, Inc. Mesa Air Group Inc. Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp. Knight Transportation Inc.

JDA Software Group Inc. Inter-Tel Inc. Insight Enterprises Inc. FINOVA group inc.

eFUNDS Corp. Discount Tire Co. The Dial Corporation. Cold Stone Creamery.

Best Western. Aztar Corp. Avnet, Inc. Arizona Land Income Corp.

Apollo Group Inc. Amkor Technology. America West Airlines. Allied Waste Industries Inc.

It has had many students with prestigious distinctions. North Canyon High School is located in the north valley and features an International Baccalaureate program. High schools

    . South Mountain.

    Paradise Valley. North Mountain. North Gateway. Maryvale.

    Laveen. Estrella. Encanto. Desert View.

    Desert Ridge. Deer Valley. Central City. Camelback East.

    Alhambra. Ahwatukee Foothills. (2000 census). the eighth-fastest growing metropolitan area in the U.S.

    (including Washington, DC). the largest capital city by area and population in the U.S. the 14th largest metropolitan area of the United States, with a population of 3,251,876 (2000 census). the sixth-largest city in the U.S., with a population of 1,321,045 (as of the 2000 census); however, according to a 2004 US Census estimation, Phoenix is now the fifth-largest city, surpassing Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 1.5 million people.