This page will contain external links about Cyrus the Great, as they become available.Cyrus II of Persia(Redirected from Cyrus the Great) This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality.This article has been tagged since May 2005. See How to Edit and Style and How-to for help, or this article's talk page. Cyrus II allowing Hebrew pilgrims to return to and rebuild Jerusalem Cyrus II of Persia, widely known as Cyrus the Great, (ca. 576 – July 529 BC) founded the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Anshan by unifying two Iranian tribes: the Median and the Persian. He is perhaps best known for having declared the first ever charter of human rights (the Cyrus Cylinder) where he identifies himself as "King of Persia". BackgroundThe name "Cyrus" (a Latin transliteration of the Greek Κῦρος) is the Greek version of the Old Persian Koroush or Khorvash, [in Persian khour means "sun" and vash is a suffix meaning "like"]. In modern Persian, Cyrus is referred to as Kouroush Bozorg — his Persian name with the Persian-derived "Great"). Cyrus, the son of a Persian noble and a Median princess, was from the Achaemenid Dynasty, which ruled the kingdom of Anshan, in what is now southwestern Iran. Cyrus had two sons: Cambyses and Smerdis, as well as several daughters, of whom Atossa is significant since she married Darius I of Persia and was mother of Xerxes I of Persia.(To see Cyrus's Portrait please visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cyrus_portrait.jpg ) Reconstruction of the Tomb of Cyrus the GreatThe king of PersiaIn 559 BC, Cyrus succeeded his father Cambyses the Elder as King of Anshan. He apparently also soon managed to succeed Arsames to the throne of Persia though the latter was still living. Arsames was father of Hystaspes and would live to see his grandson become King Darius I of Persia. However, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler. Like his predecessors before him, Cyrus had to recognize Median overlordship. In his Histories, Herodotus gives a detailed description of the rise to power of Cyrus according to the best sources available to him. According to Herodotus, Cyrus was said to be part-Persian (Parsua) and part Mede and his overlord was his own grandfather Astyages who had conquered all Assyrian kingdoms apart from Babylonia. After the birth of Cyrus, Astyages had a dream that his Magi interpreted as a sign of an eventual overthrow by his grandson. He then ordered his steward Harpagus to kill the infant Cyrus. Harpagus, morally unable to kill a newborn, switched the baby with a stillborn child and reported Cyrus dead. Many years later, when Astyages discovered that his grandson was still alive, he ordered that the son of Harpagus be beheaded and served to his father on a dinner platter. Harpagus, seeking vengeance, convinced Cyrus to rally the Persian people, then in a state of near-slavery to the Medes, to revolt ca. 554 BC–553 BC and by 550 BC–549 BC. With the help of Harpagus, Cyrus led the Persians and his armies to capture Ecbatana, and effectively conquered Media. While he seems, at first, to have accepted the crown of Media, by 546 BC he had officially assumed the title of 'king of Persia'. Thus the Persians gained dominion over the Iranian plateau. Cyrus' warsCyrus' wars had just begun. Astyages had been in alliance with his brother-in-law Croesus of Lydia, son of Alyattes, Nabonidus of Babylon, and Amasis II of Egypt. They reportedly intended to unite their armies against Cyrus and his Persians. But before the allies could unite, Cyrus had defeated Croesus at Pterium, occupied Sardis, overthrown the Lydian kingdom, and taken Croesus prisoner (546 BC). According to Herodotus, Cyrus spared the life of Croesus and kept him as an advisor throughout his life. In 538 BC, Cyrus defeated Nabonidus at Opis and occupied Babylon. According to the Babylonian inscription this was in all probability a bloodless victory. Cyrus assumed the title of 'king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four sides of the world'. From the list of countries subject to Persian rule given on the first tablet of the great Behistun Inscription of Darius, written before any new conquests could have been made except that of Egypt, the dominion of Cyrus must have comprised the largest empire the world had yet seen, stretching from Asia Minor and Judah in the west to the Indus valley in the east. Administration of the EmpireCyrus organized the empire into provincial administrations called satrapies. The administrators of these provinces, called satraps, had considerable independence from the emperor, and from many parts of the realm Cyrus demanded no more than tribute and conscripts. Cyrus's LegacyCyrus Cylinder, The First Charter of Human RightsThis image has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. You can comment on the removal. The Cyrus Cylinder: World's first charter of human rightsUpon his taking of Babylon, Cyrus issued a declaration, inscribed on a clay barrel known as the Cyrus Cylinder, which contains an account of his victories and merciful acts as well as a documentation of his royal lineage. It was discovered in 1879 in Babylon and today is kept in the British Museum. Many historians consider it to be the first declaration of human rights. The royal history given on the cylinder is as follows: The founder of the dynasty was King Achaemenes (ca. 700 BC) who was succeeded by his son Teispes of Anshan. Inscriptions indicate that when the latter died, two of his sons shared the throne as Cyrus I of Anshan and Ariaramnes of Persia. They were succeeded by their respective sons Cambyses I of Anshan and Arsames of Persia. Cambyses is considered by Herodotus and Ctesias to be of humble origin. But they also consider him as being married to Princess Mandane of Media (ماد), a daughter of Astyages, King of the Medes and Princess Aryenis of Lydia. Cyrus is the result of this union. Dawn of empire-buildingCyrus died in battle, but his empire was to reach its zenith long after his death. According to Herodotus, Cyrus met his death in a battle with the Massagetae, a tribe from the southern deserts of Kharesm, Kizilhoum in the southernmost portion of the steppe region. The queen of the Massagetae, Tomyris, prevailed after Cyrus previously defeated Tomyris's son Spargapises. The Massagetae were similar to the Scythians in their dress and mode of living; they fought on horseback and on foot. Ctesias reports that Cyrus met his death in the year 529 BC, while warring against tribes northeast of the headwaters of the Tigris. He was buried in the town of Pasargadae. Both Strabo and Arrian give descriptions of his tomb, based upon reports of men who saw it at the time of Alexander the Great's invasion. The tomb northeast of Persepolis (پرسپولیس), which has been claimed as that of Cyrus, is evidently not his, as its location does not fit the reports. Cyrus was distinguished no less as statesman than as a soldier. His statesmanship came out particularly in his treatments of newly conquered peoples. By pursuing a policy of generosity, instead of repression, and by favoring the local religion, he was able to make his new subjects his enthusiastic supporters. A good example of this policy is found in his treatment of the Jews in Babylon. The Bible records a remnant of the Jewish population returning to the Promised Land from Babylon, following an edict from Cyrus. His spectacular conquests triggered the age of empire building, as carried out by his successors as well as the Greeks and Romans in the following centuries. His exploits, real and legendary, were used as moral instruction or a source of inspiration for political philosophies. Cyrus's historical importanceTomb of Cyrus the Great in PasargadaeThe Cyropaedia of Xenophon, based on the latter's knowledge of the great king's upbringing, was an influential political treatise in ancient times, and again during the Renaissance. The English philosopher Sir Thomas Browne named his 1658 discourse after the benevolent ruler. Entitled The Garden of Cyrus, it may well be a Royalist criticism upon the autocratic rule of Cromwell. Cyrus was still being cited in the twenty-first century. In accepting her 2003 Nobel Peace Prize, Shirin Ebadi said:
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Entitled The Garden of Cyrus, it may well be a Royalist criticism upon the autocratic rule of Cromwell. On Saturday, April 16, 2005, Mark finished a game against the Seattle Mariners in only 1 hour and 39 minutes, giving up 1 run and 3 hits (all to Ichiro), and Paul Konerko backed him with two homers, the only two Sox hits and runs on the day. The English philosopher Sir Thomas Browne named his 1658 discourse after the benevolent ruler. Through Sunday, September 4, 2005, Buehrle was 15-7 with a 3.00 ERA. The Cyropaedia of Xenophon, based on the latter's knowledge of the great king's upbringing, was an influential political treatise in ancient times, and again during the Renaissance. Buehrle had his 49 consecutive starts of 6 or more innings halted on August 1 after he hit Orioles outfielder BJ Surhoff in retaliation for the Orioles recent beanings of White Sox hitters. His exploits, real and legendary, were used as moral instruction or a source of inspiration for political philosophies. When the AL scored in the second it was Buehrle who picked up the win. His spectacular conquests triggered the age of empire building, as carried out by his successors as well as the Greeks and Romans in the following centuries. He threw two innings in Detroit allowing just a couple of hits and no runs. The Bible records a remnant of the Jewish population returning to the Promised Land from Babylon, following an edict from Cyrus. With an injury to Roy Halladay taking him out of the starters role, it was Buehrle who started for the AL in the mid summer's classic. A good example of this policy is found in his treatment of the Jews in Babylon. Truth be told Buehrle hadn't pitched less then six innings in any of his starts all season. By pursuing a policy of generosity, instead of repression, and by favoring the local religion, he was able to make his new subjects his enthusiastic supporters. After a sparkling first half of 2005 (10-3, 2.58 ERA, 1.11 WHIP) Buehrle was selected to the American League All Star Team. His statesmanship came out particularly in his treatments of newly conquered peoples. Needless to say the Twins never made it out of the first round. Cyrus was distinguished no less as statesman than as a soldier. If they lose in the first round, although it wasn't a big deal what I said, then they need to say something to me." (September 21, 2004). The tomb northeast of Persepolis (پرسپولیس), which has been claimed as that of Cyrus, is evidently not his, as its location does not fit the reports. I'll call Minnesota, I'll call some radio station and apologize. Both Strabo and Arrian give descriptions of his tomb, based upon reports of men who saw it at the time of Alexander the Great's invasion. "If it comes down to it, give me any number I need to call and if they get past the first round, I'll call and apologize to everyone I need to.. He was buried in the town of Pasargadae. Buehrle later carried his comments and even offered the Twins a chance to prove him wrong. Ctesias reports that Cyrus met his death in the year 529 BC, while warring against tribes northeast of the headwaters of the Tigris. ". The Massagetae were similar to the Scythians in their dress and mode of living; they fought on horseback and on foot. Anything can happen, but I don't see it." -Buehrle told the suburban Chicago Daily Southtown. The queen of the Massagetae, Tomyris, prevailed after Cyrus previously defeated Tomyris's son Spargapises. "You have [Johan] Santana and [Brad] Radke, and you've got a chance,but then you look at the rest of their roster and you really can't see them getting past the first round. According to Herodotus, Cyrus met his death in a battle with the Massagetae, a tribe from the southern deserts of Kharesm, Kizilhoum in the southernmost portion of the steppe region. The Twins had just won the AL Central again and Buehrle was one of the first to rain on their parade. Cyrus died in battle, but his empire was to reach its zenith long after his death. In September of 2004 Buehrle turned his sights on the Twins and their World Series hopes. Cyrus is the result of this union. On July 21 in Cleveland he faced the minimum 27 batters in a two-hit shutout of the Indians. But they also consider him as being married to Princess Mandane of Media (ماد), a daughter of Astyages, King of the Medes and Princess Aryenis of Lydia. Buehrle matched 220 innings and 100 strike outs for the fourth consecutive season and finished strong with three complete games in his last five starts. Cambyses is considered by Herodotus and Ctesias to be of humble origin. He ranked among the AL leaders in complete games (T1st, 5), starts (T1st, 35), quality starts (3rd, 23), shutouts (T4th, 1), fewest walks per 9.0 IP (5th, 1.87), wins (T6th, 16), strikeout to- walk ratio (7th, 3.24), ERA (8th, 3.89) and strikeouts (9th) Buehrle also lasted at least 6.0 IP in each of his last 28 starts. They were succeeded by their respective sons Cambyses I of Anshan and Arsames of Persia. In 2004 Buehrle led the American League in IP with 245.1 and again started 35 games. Inscriptions indicate that when the latter died, two of his sons shared the throne as Cyrus I of Anshan and Ariaramnes of Persia. Two milestones for Buehrle in 2003 were his 100th start on September 2 against Boston and his 50th career win against Texas on August 23. 700 BC) who was succeeded by his son Teispes of Anshan. By year's end he ranked among the American League leaders in starts (T2nd), quality starts (3rd, 24) and IP (5th). The royal history given on the cylinder is as follows: The founder of the dynasty was King Achaemenes (ca. He threw 220 innings and struck out 100 for the third year in a row. Many historians consider it to be the first declaration of human rights. After proving to be a rubber arm in 2002, Buehrle went on to set a career high with 35 starts in 2003. It was discovered in 1879 in Babylon and today is kept in the British Museum. FOX Sports Net Chicago honored him as the White Sox Player of the Year. Upon his taking of Babylon, Cyrus issued a declaration, inscribed on a clay barrel known as the Cyrus Cylinder, which contains an account of his victories and merciful acts as well as a documentation of his royal lineage. In his one start, he allowed four runs on five hits over 3.0 IP, before leaving with a bruised left shoulder sustained when hit by a line drive off the bat of Hideki Matsui. The administrators of these provinces, called satraps, had considerable independence from the emperor, and from many parts of the realm Cyrus demanded no more than tribute and conscripts. At the end of the season he was selected as a member of the Major League All-Star Team that played in Japan in November. Cyrus organized the empire into provincial administrations called satrapies. He ranked among the American League leaders in IP (2nd, 239.0), games started (T2nd, 34), complete games (T2nd, 5), shutouts (T2nd, 2), wins (T4th, 19) and quality starts (T5th, 23) Mark lasted at least 6.0 IP 30 times and 8.0 IP nine times. From the list of countries subject to Persian rule given on the first tablet of the great Behistun Inscription of Darius, written before any new conquests could have been made except that of Egypt, the dominion of Cyrus must have comprised the largest empire the world had yet seen, stretching from Asia Minor and Judah in the west to the Indus valley in the east. He went on to post a 19-12 record and again topped 220 innings. Cyrus assumed the title of 'king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four sides of the world'. 2002 wasn't much different. According to the Babylonian inscription this was in all probability a bloodless victory. Buehrle had far away exceeded expectations for the season. In 538 BC, Cyrus defeated Nabonidus at Opis and occupied Babylon. His complete game against the Devil Rays on August 3 was a one hitter. According to Herodotus, Cyrus spared the life of Croesus and kept him as an advisor throughout his life. Tampa and August 8 at Anaheim. But before the allies could unite, Cyrus had defeated Croesus at Pterium, occupied Sardis, overthrown the Lydian kingdom, and taken Croesus prisoner (546 BC). He would also toss back to back complete games on August 3 vs. They reportedly intended to unite their armies against Cyrus and his Persians. Mark recorded his first complete game May 26 at Detroit. Astyages had been in alliance with his brother-in-law Croesus of Lydia, son of Alyattes, Nabonidus of Babylon, and Amasis II of Egypt. ..Mark threw 24.2 consecutive scoreless IP (May 26-June 7) the most by a Sox pitcher since Tommy John threw 25 scoreless frames in 1967. Cyrus' wars had just begun. In his first full season he went 16-8 with a 3.29 ERA and was atop the league lead in just about every pitching statistic. Thus the Persians gained dominion over the Iranian plateau. He also took part in the Futures Game during All Star Weekend picking up the win. While he seems, at first, to have accepted the crown of Media, by 546 BC he had officially assumed the title of 'king of Persia'. 9 Prospect in the White Sox organization. With the help of Harpagus, Cyrus led the Persians and his armies to capture Ecbatana, and effectively conquered Media. Despite his early promotion Buehrle .was named Southern League Pitcher of the Year, named a Second-Team Minor League All-Star as well as the No. 554 BC–553 BC and by 550 BC–549 BC. Three days later he was starting in Minnesota where he scattered six hits and two runs over 7 innings of work for his first win in his first start. Harpagus, seeking vengeance, convinced Cyrus to rally the Persian people, then in a state of near-slavery to the Medes, to revolt ca. He pitched an inning of relief allowing a run. Many years later, when Astyages discovered that his grandson was still alive, he ordered that the son of Harpagus be beheaded and served to his father on a dinner platter. His first game came on July 16 against Milwaukee. Harpagus, morally unable to kill a newborn, switched the baby with a stillborn child and reported Cyrus dead. He was one of eight Sox pitchers to earn his first career win in 2000 and one of seven to make his major-league debut. He then ordered his steward Harpagus to kill the infant Cyrus. Mark would make only 36 appearances in the minors, only 16 of which were above Class A, before being called up to the Majors on July 16, 2000. After the birth of Cyrus, Astyages had a dream that his Magi interpreted as a sign of an eventual overthrow by his grandson. Posting a 16-4 record he was selected as a NJCAA Third-Team All-America. According to Herodotus, Cyrus was said to be part-Persian (Parsua) and part Mede and his overlord was his own grandfather Astyages who had conquered all Assyrian kingdoms apart from Babylonia. Charles Missouri he attended Jefferson Junior College. In his Histories, Herodotus gives a detailed description of the rise to power of Cyrus according to the best sources available to him. After graduating from Francis Howell North High School in St. Like his predecessors before him, Cyrus had to recognize Median overlordship. Mark Buehrle was the 38 round draft pick of the Chicago White Sox in 1998. However, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler. Charles, Missouri) is a left-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who has played for the Chicago White Sox since 2000. Arsames was father of Hystaspes and would live to see his grandson become King Darius I of Persia. Mark Anthony Buehrle (born March 23, 1979 in St. He apparently also soon managed to succeed Arsames to the throne of Persia though the latter was still living. In 559 BC, Cyrus succeeded his father Cambyses the Elder as King of Anshan. Cyrus had two sons: Cambyses and Smerdis, as well as several daughters, of whom Atossa is significant since she married Darius I of Persia and was mother of Xerxes I of Persia.(To see Cyrus's Portrait please visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cyrus_portrait.jpg ). Cyrus, the son of a Persian noble and a Median princess, was from the Achaemenid Dynasty, which ruled the kingdom of Anshan, in what is now southwestern Iran. In modern Persian, Cyrus is referred to as Kouroush Bozorg — his Persian name with the Persian-derived "Great"). The name "Cyrus" (a Latin transliteration of the Greek Κῦρος) is the Greek version of the Old Persian Koroush or Khorvash, [in Persian khour means "sun" and vash is a suffix meaning "like"]. . He is perhaps best known for having declared the first ever charter of human rights (the Cyrus Cylinder) where he identifies himself as "King of Persia". 576 – July 529 BC) founded the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Anshan by unifying two Iranian tribes: the Median and the Persian. Cyrus II of Persia, widely known as Cyrus the Great, (ca. |