Ford Crown Victoria

Another rumor going around at Ford is that the Crown Victoria will eventually be replaced by one of two vehicles:. Aside from the many online community forums, there are now annual conventions, regional conferences, and many local seminars for mobile disc jockeys to attend. Ford has denied this. The number of resources available for mobile DJs has also expanded. Ford was rumored to be considering replacing the aging Panther platform with the front or all-wheel drive platform based on the D3 architecture. These responsibilities include emceeing, event coordination, lighting direction, and sound engineering. The code appears in the Vehicle Identification Number and distinguishes it from the commercial (P72), standard civilian (P73) and luxury civilian (P74) models. While there are still many conventional, "human jukebox" mobile DJs, many others have assumed more reponsibilities to ensure the success of the events where they perform.

"P71" is the designation for the Police Interceptor. In the 21st Century, the role of the mobile disc jockey has expanded. Luckily, this was only for very early 2003 models as the problems appear to have been fixed for newer models. CODJA cofounder Glenn Miller became the first licensed MP3 DJ under new music licensing agreement that was introduced to Canada in 2000 by the AVLA, and had already pioneered online networking for mobile disc jockeys by starting the first bulletin board system for mobile DJs from all over North America (and eventually the world).[1]. Some 2003 Mercury Marauders were also affected. Professor Jam, a Tampa Bay, Florida disc jockey already known in the industry for having performed for many celebrities and television networks, became one of the first mobile DJs in the United States to regularly use computer technology to play music at his shows, and was the first professionally endorsed computer disc jockey internationally. This was not limited to the Crown Victoria Police Interceptor. In the mid-1990s, computers and the Internet had a profound impact on the mobile DJ industry.

The newly designed steel wheels would rust and fall out, the rack and pinion units would fail early (sub-10k miles), and the rear axles would wear out and possibly fall out as well. This is also the era when mobile disc jockeys became the top entertainment choice for most private parties including wedding receptions. There were some problems with early 2003 Police Interceptor. These publications helped to spread the word about the emerging technologies and published informational articles that were helpful to the mobile disc jockey. Following the criticism of fires following rear-end collisions, Crown Victoria Police Interceptors now come with an automatic fire suppression system and special "trunk packs" designed to help prevent trunk contents from piercing the fuel tank in a collision. Dedicated mobile disc jockey trade publications such as DJ Times magazine and Mobile Beat magazine were founded in this era. Kevlar-lined doors, which might be useful as protective barriers during gun fights, are optional on the Crown Victoria Police Interceptors. Many equipment manufacturers realized the potential market that existed for mobile DJs and raced to make equipment that was smaller, easier to use, and of better quality.

P71 zip tube (the flexible rubber hose between the throttle body and MAF outlet) is also used to reduce NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) as well as transfer air from the airbox to the throttle body with minimal flow resistance. Compact disc collections were becoming the standard to play music from. This allows for much more precise flow calibration and reduces the chances of air leakage. As the late 1980s turned into the 1990s, new technologies emerged. This includes a new air box that resembles the Mercury Marauder airbox (raised airbox lid, deeper bottom) with an integrated 80mm mass air flow (MAF) sensor that is part of the airbox lid. Both associations thrive today, with an estimated 5,000 members combined as of November 2005. The 2004-2005 Police Interceptor (referred to many as CVPIs, P71s) are rated for 250 hp (186 kW) because of the addition of a new air intake system. In 1996, after being removed from the ADJA Board from a financial dispute, Keslar then went on to form the for-profit National Association of Mobile Entertainers (NAME), based in the Philadelphia area.

Another difference between the civilian version and the Police Interceptor is that the back seats of the latter are built with the back and bottom portions as a single piece with no space in between them for back-seat occupants to hide objects. The original Board of Directors were Bruce Keslar, Maureen Keslar, John Roberts, and Lori Jesse. Further refinements were made in 2001, including deletion of all trim on the plastic bumper pieces, and a honeycomb-style grille, replacing a slat-style grille as is found on standard Crown Victorias. United States Disc Jockeys were reluctant to form anything similar until 1992 when the American Disc Jockey Association (ADJA) was incorporated. The changes made in 1999 included a new rear fascia insignia, an all-black trim scheme which included replacing the color-keyed trunklid panels with black ones, and a black grille. It was joined by a much broader online association called the Canadian Online Disc Jockey Association (CODJA), founded by Canadian mobile DJs Glenn Miller (not the famous bandleader) and Dennis Hampson. Prior to 1999, the police cars were officially known as the P71 Crown Victoria. The Canadian Disc Jockey Association (CDJA) was one of the original associations formed in 1976 as a not-for-profit trade association for disc jockeys across Canada.

The law enforcement version of the 1999-up Crown Victoria is known as the Police Interceptor, and many taxi companies use this "heavy duty" version as well. Some tried to improve this image by forming professional associations. The Marauder was not a market success and the model was retired after just two years of production. These "Weekend Warriors", as they are called by many, helped enhance the negative stereotype of the mobile DJ; many of the same complaints from the earlier era continued. Mercury introduced a performance version called the Mercury Marauder but sales were slow. Because of the high demand for mobile DJs, many people from all facets of life jumped into the industry, hoping to make a few extra dollars on the weekends. This construction style is opposed to the now more commonly used unibody construction style where the body panels are load-bearing members. The equipment used in this era was enormous and usually required roadies (similar to those who work for bands) to set up.

The Ford Crown Victoria, Mercury Grand Marquis, and the Lincoln Town Car are the only mass-produced passenger cars with body-on-frame construction in the United States. Top mobile DJs in this era would have hundreds of vinyl records and/or cassette tapes to play from. Although the company has avoided financial responsibility for the fires, the components found in Ford's fuel tank safety kits have been in use with Ford vehicles since the early 1980s as evidenced in the 1980-1982 Ford Thunderbird that has a polymer differential cover shield and lower shock mount shields to prevent the fuel tank from contacting those areas. During the Disco era of the 1970s, demand for mobile DJs (called mobile discos in the UK) soared. An attempted class-action suit in Belvidere, Illinois in 2004 failed as well. However, a few companies of this era did establish themselves as competent businesses and thrived; some even still exist today. Despite numerous court cases charging Ford with partial liability for fires caused in accidents, the company has never been convicted. Mobile DJs companies came and went.

It should also be noted then every other car on the road has the same "flaw", but civilians do not routinely park on the shoulder of high speed interstate highways, where they would be subject to a collision that can cause a fuel tank to erupt. Even so, in the early years, the mobile DJ industry was seen as a last-resort choice for entertainment, as the DJs were reputed to frequently be unreliable and unprofessional. Even though this model of the Crown Victoria has been criticized for this type of rear end collision, the civilian Panthers all have the same "flaw" and Ford refuses to address this problem on all the models. Bands had long dominated the wedding entertainment industry, but with the advent of the less expensive mobile DJ, the demand for live performers dwindled. These items were removed on later models, however. The definition and responsibilities of a mobile disc jockey have changed since Bob Casey's first two-turntable system for continuous playback was utilized for sock-hops in 1955. Ford also used polymer shock bolt covers for the lower mounts on the rear shocks. Unlike many club/rave DJs, mobile DJs often play more mainstream selections of music from multiple genres, they often take requests, and for mobile DJs, producing a continuous, beat-matched mix is rarely a priority.

Ford used polymer shields on the gas tank facing the rear differential covers. Mobile DJs tend to work for hire at private functions such as wedding receptions, bar and bat mitzvah receptions, school dances, and so on, but they can occasionally be seen in bars, nightclubs, or even block parties. It is interesting to mention the contents of the recall kit because they can be found on early 1980s Fords. Mobile DJs travel or tour with their own sound systems and play from an extensive collection of pre-recorded music, on various media, for a targeted audience. Ford's solution in the form of a recall kit includes appliques to mark unsafe areas to drill in the luggage compartment, as well as a rear differential cover shield, and rear shock lower bolt shields. Although it is often perceived this way, there are many mobile DJs around the world that use this as their primary career. The equipment installers would then install bolts that go into the gas tank and can cause sparking in an accident. Unlike their radio counterparts, mobile DJing is primarily seen as a part-time or second career.

Due to the gas tank's orientation, drilling through the package tray will result in drilling into the gas tank. Mobile disc jockeys are an extension of the original radio disc jockeys. The condition may have been exacerbated by police equipment installers drilling over the package tray in the luggage compartment. See also: Category:Hip hop DJs. There are very few, if any, reports for this fire problem when struck at ordinary speeds. A hip hop disc jockey is one that selects, plays and creates music as a hip hop artist and/or performer, often backing up one or more MCs. In the case of the Crown Victoria, it is a combination of factors including a number of different traits, such as the nature and position of the gas tank, and the unique circumstances of the car crashes, namely at speeds of over 85 miles and hour, something most civilians would never be subjected to. See also: Category:Club DJs.

In fact the survival rate for these type of collisions was higher than any other mid-sized sedan, which perform worse due to their much lighter construction, lower weight, and shorter distance for a crumple zone. The setting can range anywhere from a small club, a neighborhood party, a disco, a rave, or even a stadium. However, the safety ratings are still higher than most other american vehicles at this price point. A club/rave disc jockey is one that selects and plays music in a club setting. While the car has been highly rated for safety, there was some controversy and lawsuits in the 1990s over the car's gas tank leaking after certain types of high energy impacts, specifically when being hit at a certain angle offset in the rear at speeds greater than 85 mph (137 km/h). See also: Category:Radio DJs. Engines:. A radio disc jockey is one that selects and plays music that is broadcast across radio waves.

It also offers more interior space and slightly better fuel economy than many SUVs of similar weight. The following is a list of the most common types of disc jockeys, along with notable examples of each, listed in chronological order by birth. It is considerably more durable than modern front wheel drive cars that rely on constant velocity joints for transmission of power to the steering wheels. The selected music, the audience, the setting, the preferred medium, and the level of sophistication of sound manipulation are factors that create a number of different types of deejays. The Crown Victoria has often characterized as an "older person's car", but this is a misconception considering nearly all vehicles in this class tend to have an older client base (largely due to economic reasons). By definition, the role of selecting and playing prerecorded music for an intended audience is the same for every disc jockey. The design has been popular with police departments and cab companies to the same extent as the Chevrolet Caprice in the 1980s and early 1990s, especially in New York City where they make up the majority of the taxi and New York City Police Department fleets, as well among the general populace. College radio stations and other public radio outlets are the most common places for freeform playlists in the U.S.

It still uses a front independent suspension with a rear live axle on a body on frame design, using a traditional rear wheel drive drivetrain. However, music aficionados look upon such practices with disgust and either seek out freeform stations that put the DJs back in control, or end up dumping terrestrial radio in favor of satellite radio services or portable music players like iPods. Even with the latest 2006 Crown Victoria, the overall design remains relatively unchanged from the 1979 design. Economically, this formula has been successful across the country. 2005 models also received a new steering wheel. Even song requests are sometimes co-opted into this system—a song might be announced as a request by a DJ even though it was already set to appear in the playlist. The Crown Victoria retained the same exterior styling, but 2005 models received a rear whip radio antenna rather than an integrated rear defroster antenna. The songs to be played are usually determined by computerized algorithms, and automation techniques such as voice tracking have allowed single DJs to send announcements across many stations.

The engine output increased due to the addition of a knock sensor for more aggressive timing. Playlists are very tightly regulated, and the DJ is often not allowed to make any changes or additions. As a result, the road-handling manners of the Panther platform cars have improved significantly. Today, very few DJs in the United States have any control over what is played on the air. The rear suspension was redone for durability in police-duty applications and the rear shocks were moved outboard of the frame rails for better handling and ease of maintenance. The Top 40 format also emerged, where popular songs are played repeatedly. In the front, new aluminum control arms, and rack and pinion steering (replacing the recirculating ball units) have been implemented. Part of the fallout from that payola scandal was tighter control of the music by station management.

New inverted monotube shocks are now used (replacing the old twin-tube shocks that had been around since the 1960s). Throughout the 1950s, payola was an ongoing problem. The front and rear suspension was also completely overhauled.
. In 2003, the chassis was again redone with hydroformed steel. These include audio mixing, cueing, slip-cueing, phrasing, cutting, beat juggling, scratching, beatmatching, needle drops, phase shifting, and more. The Crown Vic's twins, the Mercury Grand Marquis and Lincoln Town Car, however, are still available in Canada. There are several techniques that can be applied by the disc jockey as a means to manipulate the prerecorded music.

Civilians can, however, purchase used 2000 & up Crown Victorias that are available at dealerships every so often. Other types of equipment can also be added, including samplers, drum machines, effects processors, slipmats, and Computerized Performance Systems. The basic civilian Crown Victoria is only available when ordered as a fleet and is not available through Ford dealerships. The addition of a mixer (used to mix the sound of the two playback devices), a microphone (used to amplify the human voice), and headphones (used to listen to one recording while the other is playing, without outputting the sound to the audience) is strongly recommended, but not required. Since 2000, the Crown Victoria has only been available in Canada as a Police Interceptor for law enforcement, or as a Taxi or Special Service Vehicle for commercial fleets. portable audio system, radio wave broadcaster). In Canada, 1999 was the last year the Crown Victoria was individually available to civilians from Ford dealerships. a sound system for amplification of the recordings (eg.

The Crown Victoria also features a 114.7" wheelbase. record players, compact disc players, mp3 players) 3. This design, already being used on the 1996-1999 Ford Taurus SHO 3.4L V8 engine, was later implemented on other users of the Modular V8, including the 1999-up Mustang GT, and many F/E-series trucks. at least two devices for playback of sound recordings, for the purpose of alternating back and forth to create continuous playback (eg. The Crown Victoria also uses a coil-on-plug ignition design rather than traditional spark plug wires. vinyl records, compact discs, mp3s) 2. The general road handling manners have improved, but towing capacity has been reduced. sound recordings in preferred medium (eg.

The 1998-2002 "Crown Vics" have a revised 4-link rear suspension with a Watts linkage. The most basic equipment that is necessary for a standard disc jockey to perform consists of the following: 1. In 1998, the Crown Victoria's exterior styling, rear suspension, and ignition system were updated. The physical act of selecting and playing sound recordings is called deejaying, or DJing, and ranges in sophistication from simply playing a series of recordings (referred to as programming, or composing a playlist), to the manipulating of recordings, using techniques such as audio mixing, cueing, phrasing, cutting, scratching, and beatmatching, often to the point of creating original musical compositions.
. Today there are a number of factors, including the selected music, the intended audience, the performance setting, the preferred medium, and the development of sound manipulation, that have led to different types of deejays. There was a further facelift in 1998 and chassis modifications for 2003. These records, also called discs by those in the industry were jockeyed by the radio announcers, hence the name disc jockey and soon to be known as DJs or deejays.

In 1992, along with dropping the LTD designation, the sedan body (production of the station wagon having ceased in 1991) was completely redesigned to the round, six-window shape (which shared many details with its contemporary, the newly refreshed 1992 Taurus), and there was a new 4.6 L modular engine. The term was first used to describe radio announcers who would introduce and play popular gramophone records. It replaced the previous year's LTD Landau model, and used a stainless steel band over the roof at the B-pillar to evoke the 1950s model. . In 1980, Ford brought back the name on a deluxe version of the LTD full-size car line on the Ford Panther platform. A disc jockey (also called DJ, or deejay) is an individual who selects and plays prerecorded music for an intended audience. The model was produced in 1955 and 1956. ISBN 0822331985.

The first "Crown Victoria" appeared in 1955; it was a 2-door 6-seater hardtop coupe, part of the Ford Fairlane range, that differed from the regular Victoria model (named after a type of carriage) by having a stainless steel band that 'crowned' the roofline, passing right over the car, as an extension of the B-pillar line. Duke University Press. As of 2005, prices range from $25k for the base model to $32k for the high-end LX Sport trim. Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970-1979 . Thomas, Ontario, Canada and rides on the 1979 Ford Panther platform and utilizes the universal 4.6L OHC SEFI V8. Lawrence, Tim (2004). The Crown Victoria is manufactured in St. edition).
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Much like its predecessor, the Ford LTD, the Ford Crown Victoria is also commonly used as a taxi cab, fleet vehicle and police car, a segment in which the Crown Victorias makes up the vast majority of vehicles used. ISBN 0-747-26230-6 (U.K. The Crown Victoria, or "Crown Vic" as it is often referred, represents the top-of-the-line sedan in the Ford model line-up. London: Headline. The Ford Crown Victoria is a full-sized sedan manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. ISBN 0-8021-3688-5 (North American edition). . New York: Grove Press.

While it shares components with the Lincoln Town Car, it shares almost no exterior sheetmetal or interior parts. Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey. The Grand Marquis is almost never used by fleets other than rental car companies, while it is very popular among the general public. Brewster, Bill & Broughton, Frank (2000). While the Crown Victoria only has mediocre sales to the general public, the Crown Victoria is very popular among fleets, with its twin, the Mercury Grand Marquis being the exact opposite. ISBN 0-704-38098-6. The Ford Crown Victoria is a fullsize car produced by the Ford Motor Company in the 1950s, and then again in the 1970s. London: Quartet Books.

In addition, to go outside that naming scope, reviving the Galaxie nameplate has also been mentioned. DJ Culture. To go with Ford's naming scheme of naming cars that start with the letter "F", the Crown Vic name would be replaced by "Falcon" or "Fairlane". Poschardt, Ulf (1998). The Panther platform would be retired altogether, replaced by a completely new vehicle based on the Ford D2C platform used for the Ford Mustang. Hosted by Professor Jam and originally developed as a social gathering in 2001, it was the first dedicated computer disc jockey industry event. Despite consumer demand, Ford has no plans to do this. 2005 - Computerized Performance System Disc Jockey Summit is launched.

Ford Australia would modify the Ford Falcon to left hand drive and US safety standards and export it to the US, which would see a revival in the Falcon name in the US market. CPS mixing culture begins to emerge and organize. 220 hp L 4.6 L V8. 2001 - late 2001 - Atlanta, Georgia, The fist Computerized Performance System Disc Jockey gathering was scheduled and organized during the small DJ3 convention. First appearing in certain East London clubs, and spreading to other music scenes, including New York City, this new DJ scene allows the average music fan to bring two iPods to an "iPod Night", plug in to the mixer, and program a playlist without the skill and equipment demanded by a more traditional DJ setup. The convenience and popularity of the iPod spawns a new type of DJ, the self-penned "MP3J".

2001 - Apple Computer's iPod is introduced and quickly becomes the highest selling brand of portable digital mp3 audio player. DJs can now apply for a license giving them the right to burn their own compilation CDs of "useable tracks," instead of having to cart their whole CD collections around to their gigs. Administered by the Canadian Recording Industry Association. 1999 - late 1999 - AVLA (Audio Video Licensing Agency) of Canada announces MP3 DJing license.

1999 - Shawn Fanning releases Napster, the first of the massively popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems. Final Scratch was later bought by Stanton Magnetics, and its software development is now handled by Native Instruments. Pinky, and Mixvibes). This was the first product of it's kind, and later spawned a slew of competing products (including Serato Scratch Live, Ms.

This program "mapped" digital music files onto timecoded vinyl records that were then played on a traditional DJ setup. 1998 - Final Scratch is announced by Amsterdam based N2IT. 1998 - The first MP3 digital audio player is released, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10. late 1990s - Various DJ and Video_jockey VJ_software VJ software programs are developed, allowing personal computer users to deejay or veejay using his or her personal music or video files.

This new subgenre of alternative rock bears some influence from hip-hop, because rhythmic innovation and syncopation are primary, often featuring DJs as bandmembers. late 1990s - Nu metal bands such as KoЯn, Limp Bizkit, and Linkin Park reach the height of popularity. 1995 - The first full-time, Internet-only radio station, Radio HK, begins broadcasting the music of independent bands. This makes it a popular service for both amateur and professional disc jockeys operating from a personal computer.

Because the radio signal is relayed over the Internet, it is possible to access internet radio stations from anywhere in the world. 1993 - The first Internet "radio station", Internet Talk Radio, was developed by Carl Malamud. MPEG-1 Layer-3 popularly known as MP3 (a Lossy format) will revolutionize the digital music domain. 1992 - MPEG which stands for the "Moving Pictures Experts Groups, releases The MPEG-1 standard, designed to produce reasonable sound at low bit rates.

Trance was central to the success of commercial dance music and superstar DJs such as Paul Oakenfold. mid-1990s - Trance music emerges as a result of producers who wanted to transform repetitive, instrumental rave music into commercially accessible pop songs with vocals. early 1990s - The compact disc surpasses the gramophone record in popularity, but gramophone records continue to be made (although in very limited quantities) into the 21st century, particularly for club DJs and for local acts recording on small regional labels. The innovative marketing surrounding the rave scene created the first superstar DJs.

The rave scene forever changed dance music, the image of DJs, and the nature of promoting. The notion of "trainspotting," for example, derives from Northern Soul's emphasis on researching and collecting rare & obscure records; while preventing other DJs from stealing titles via "white labels". Many elements of the rave scene, such as baggy pants and breakdancing, appear to be inherited from the Northern Soul scene of the UK approximately 15 years earlier. early 1990s - The rave scene grows out of the acid-house scene.

Originally called "acid parties" for a select few, the events grew in size and popularity, eventually spreading throughout England, Europe, the United States, and the rest of the world. 1988 - The acid house scene emerges in the UK. This song is the first exposure of hip hop music, as well as the concept of the disc jockey as band member and artist, to many mainstream audiences. 1986 - "Walk This Way", a rap-rock collaboration by Run DMC and Aerosmith, becomes the first hip hop song to reach the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100.

1985 - The Winter Music Conference starts in Fort Lauderdale Florida and becomes the premier electronic music conference for dance music disc jockeys. Techno distanced itself from disco's roots by becoming almost purely electronic with synthesized beats. Being geographically located between Chicago and New York, Detroit techno combined elements of Chicago house and New York garage along with European imports. mid-1980s - Techno music emerges from the Detroit club scene.

The style was a result of the club DJs who would unsuccessfully try to duplicate the Chicago house sound, for example, leaving out the accentuated high-hats. mid-1980s - New York Garage emerges at DJ Larry Levan's Paradise Garage nightclub in New York. 1983 - Jesse Saunders releases the first house music track, "On & On". The common element of most house music is a 4/4 beat generated by a drum machine or other electronic means (such as a sampler), together with a solid (usually also electronically generated) bassline.

House music is essentially disco music with electronic beats. The name was derived from the Warehouse club in Chicago, where the resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles, mixed old disco classics and Eurosynth pop. 1983 - House music emerges. This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution.

1982 - The compact disc reached the public market in Asia and early the following year in other markets. The song melded electronic hip hop beats with the melody from Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express". 1982 - "Planet Rock" by DJ Afrika Bambaataa is the first hip hop song to feature synthesizers. 1982 - The demise of disco in the mainstream by the summer of 1982 forces many nightclubs to either close or to change entertainment styles, such as by providing MTV style video dancing or live bands.

The term "video jockey", or VJ, was used to describe the fresh faced youth who introduced the music videos. 1981 - Cable television network MTV is launched, originally devoted to music videos, especially popular rock music. This is considered to be the year that disco "died", although the music remained popular for several more years, particularly in underground clubs and in Europe, where the subgenres Euro Disco and Italo Disco were created. 1979 - An anti-disco protest in Chicago's Comiskey Park marks the major backlash against disco amongst rock music fans, who preferred guitars and live drums over electronically generated sounds and beats.

It was also the first real breakthrough for sampling, as the bassline of Chic's "Good Times" laid the foundation for the song. 1979 - The Sugar Hill Gang release "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a hit. In the same year, the motion picture Saturday Night Fever popularizes discotheques and becomes one of the top-10 grossing films in history (at the time). 1977 - New York's Studio 54 nightclub grosses $7 million in its first year of business (which is roughly $21 million in today's dollars after adjusting for inflation).

1977 - Hip hop DJ Grand Wizard Theodore invents the scratching technique by accident. 1976 - American DJ and producer Walter Gibbons remixes and releases "Ten Percent" by Double Exposure, the world's first 12" single (aka "maxi-single"). 1975 - Record pools begin, enabling disc jockeys access to newer music from the industry in an efficient method. 1975 - Disco music takes off in the mainstream pop charts in the United States and Europe, causing discotheques to experience a rebirth.

The four main elements of hip hop culture are MCing (rapping), DJing, graffiti, and breakdancing. mid 1970s - Hip hop music and culture begins to emerge, originating among urban African Americans and Latinos in New York City. Years later, Kraftwerk would become a significant influence on hip hop artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and house music pioneer Frankie Knuckles. 1974 - German electronic music band Kraftwerk releases the 22-minute single "Autobahn", which is the precursor to the 12" single.

1974 - Technics releases the first SL-1200 turntable, which evolves into the SL-1200 MK2 in 1979, currently the industry standard for deejaying. Turntablism, the art of using turntables not only to play music, but to manipulate sound and create original music, is considered to begin at this time. He would mix back and forth between two identical records to extend the rhythmic instrumental segment, or break. 1974 - Jamaican-born DJ Kool Herc - who is widely regarded as the "godfather of hip hop culture" - develops a technique called breakbeat while performing block parties in his Bronx neighborhood.

It should also be noted that electronics company Technics released a series of direct-drive DJ turntables during this period. The total number of clubs and DJs dropped substantially, and most of the dance clubs were underground gay discos. early 1970s - The Vietnam War, oil crisis, and economic recession has a negative impact on dance clubs and disc jockeys. Neighborhood block parties that are modeled after Jamaican sound systems gain popularity in Europe and in the boroughs of New York City.

late 1960s - Most American discos either closed or were transformed into clubs featuring live bands. Grasso also perfected slip-cueing, the technique of holding a record still while the turntable is revolving underneath, releasing it at the desired moment to create a sudden transition from the previous record. Beatmatching is the technique of creating seamless transitions between back-to-back records with matching beats, or tempos. 1969 - American club DJ Francis Grasso popularizes beatmatching at New York's Sanctuary nightclub.

However, by 1968, the number of dance clubs started to decline. mid-1960s - Nightclubs and discotheques continue to grow in Europe and the United States. These parties quickly became profitable for the promoters, who would sell admission, food and alcohol, leading to fierce competition between DJs for the biggest sound systems and newest records. Promotors, who called themselves DJs, would throw large parties in the streets that centered around the disc jockey, called the "selector".

late 1950s - Jamaican sound systems, a new form of public entertainment, are developed in the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica. 1955 - Bob Casey, a well-known sock hop DJ, introduces the first two-turntable system for the purpose of alternating back and forth between records, creating continuous playback. In some cases, a live drummer was hired to play beats between songs to maintain the dance floor. They would usually play 45-rpm records featuring hit singles on one turntable, while talking between songs.

1950s - American radio DJs would appear live at "sock hops" and "platter parties" and assume the role of a human jukebox. late 1940s to early 1950s - The introduction of television erodes the popularity of radio's early format, causing it to take on the general form it has today, with a strong focus on music, news and sports. Discos began appearing across Europe and the United States. 1947 - The "Whiskey-A-Go-Go" nightclub opens in Paris, France, considered to be the world's first discothèque, or disco (deriving its name from the French word, meaning a nightclub where the featured entertainment is recorded music rather than an on-stage band).

in 1947 he paid a local metal worker to weld two domestic record decks together and became the first DJ to use twin turntables for continuous play. 1943 - Jimmy Savile launches the world's first DJ dance party by playing jazz records in the upstairs function room of the Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherd's in Otley, England. This is the first occurrence of sampling. 1940s - Musique concrète composers utilize portions of sound recordings to create new compositions.

The show, which he called Make Believe Ballroom, was an instant hit. While his audience was awaiting developments in the Lindbergh kidnapping, Block played records and created the illusion that he was broadcasting from a ballroom, with the nation’s top dance bands performing live. 1934 - American commentator Walter Winchell coins the term "disc jockey" (the combination of "disc", referring to the disc records, and "jockey", which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer Martin Block, the first announcer to become a star in his own right. 1929 - Thomas Edison ceases phonograph cylinder manufacture, ending the disc and cylinder rivalry.

1927 - Christopher Stone becomes the first radio announcer and programmer in the United Kingdom, on the BBC radio station. 1920s - "Juke-joints" become popular as a place for dancing and drinking to jukebox music. The on-air announcers and programmers would later be known as disc jockeys. In the early radio age, content typically includes comedy, drama, news, music, and sports reporting.

1910s - Regular radio broadcasting begins, using "live" as well as prerecorded sound. 1906 - Reginald Fessenden transmits the first audio radio broadcast in history when he plays Christmas music from Brant Rock, Massachusetts. The disc system gradually becomes more popular due to its cheaper price and better marketing. mid-1890s to early 1920s - Cylinder and disc recordings, and the machines to play them on, are widely mass marketed and sold.

1892 - Emile Berliner begins commercial production of his gramophone records, the first disc record to be offered to the public. The earliest versions played only a single record, but multiple record devices, called jukeboxes, were soon developed. 1889 - Coin-slot phonograph machines, the general public's first encounter with recorded sound, begin to be mass produced. 1887 - German-American Emile Berliner invents the gramophone, a lateral disc device to record and playback sound.

1877 - Thomas Alva Edison invents the phonograph cylinder, the first device to playback recorded sound, in the United States. 1857 - Leon Scott invents the phonoautograph, the first device to record arbitrary sound, in France. In 1955, Bob Casey (born 1941), a well-known sock hop DJ, introduced the first two-turntable system for the purpose of alternating back and forth between records, creating continuous playback. DJ Jazzy Jeff (born 1965), of DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince (also backed Will Smith on his solo efforts).

Mix Master Mike (born 1970), skilled DJ of hip hop group Beastie Boys, three-time winner of the International DMC Turntablism Award. DJ Qbert (born 1969), founding member of the turntablism group the Invisibl Skratch Piklz and three-time winner of the International DMC Award. Terminator X (born 1966), DJ of the highly infuential hip hop group Public Enemy. & Rakim, popularized the James Brown-sampled funky hip hop of the late 1980s.

(born 1965), one half of duo Eric B. Eric B. Jam Master Jay (1965-2002), founder and DJ of Run-DMC, one of the most innovative hip hop groups of all time. Created first hip hop track to feature synthesizers; "The godfather of Hip Hop".

Afrika Bambaataa (born 1960), instrumental in the development of hip hop from its birth in the South Bronx to its international success. Created the Quick Mix Technique which allowed a DJ to precisely extend a break using two copies of the same record; essentially invented modern turntablism. Grandmaster Flash (born 1958), one of the early pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and scratching. DJ Kool Herc (born 1955), inventor of breakbeat technique, "the father of hip hop culture".

Keoki (born 1969), famous techno musician, portrayed in the 2003 film Party Monster. 1 DJ in the World' for the third consecutive year in 2004. Tiesto (born 1969), one of world's leading trance music DJs, voted DJ Magazine's 'No. Paul Oakenfold (born 1963), British record producer, remixer, and one of the best-known DJs worldwide, referred to as a Superstar DJ.

Frankie Knuckles (born 1955), the godfather of house music. Larry Levan (1954-1992), leader of New York Garage music. Francis Grasso (1948-2001), popularized several new disc jockey techniques, including beatmatching and slip-cueing. David Mancuso (born 1944), founder of New York City's first underground party called the Loft.

Jim Ladd (born 1948), the last remaining freeform rock DJ in United States commercial radio. John Peel (1939-2004), one of the original DJs of UK's Radio 1 in 1967, known for the extraordinary range of his taste in music, and for championing unknown musical artists. Wolfman Jack (1938-1995), drew upon his love of horror movies and rock and roll to create his raspy-voiced, howling persona, one of radio’s most distinctive voices. Also the voice of Shaggy in the Scooby-Doo cartoon series.

Casey Kasem (born 1932), disc jockey and music historian, host of the long-running radio series American Top 40. Dick Clark (born 1929), host of American Bandstand, television's longest-running music/variety program, as well as a number of nationally syndicated radio shows. In 1947 he was the first ever DJ to use twin turntables for continuous play after he paid a local metal worker to weld two domestic record decks together. Jimmy Savile (born 1926), British DJ and television personality, best known for his BBC television show Jim'll Fix It where he made the wishes of members of the public (mainly children) come true.

Murray "The K" Kaufman (1922-1982), influential rock and roll disc jockey, for a time was billed as the "Fifth Beatle". Alan Freed (1922-1965), became internationally known for promoting African-American Rhythm and Blues music in the United States and Europe under the name of Rock and Roll. Martin Block (1901-1967), the first radio disc jockey to become a star, inspired the term "disc jockey". Christopher Stone (1882–1965), became the first disc jockey in the United Kingdom in 1927.