Chicago, Illinois

</gallery>. None (the Raider organization does not retire the jersey numbers of former players).
. They did this by issuing "personal seating licenses", without which fans cannot buy tickets to the games.
. In this lawsuit, the Raiders agreed that they would sell out all of their home games, in exchange for the city helping to renovate their stadium.
. Their most recent legal battle is with the city of Oakland.

When creating references please refer to the Wikipedia Cite Sources guidelines. After moving back to Oakland, they were sued by the NFL for losing the Los Angeles television market, the second largest in the United States.
. The Raiders sued the city of Los Angeles over the fact that the city backed out of a stadium deal for the team.
. Also, they were the only team that was not a defendant in the USFL's ultimately unsuccessful antitrust suit against the NFL; Davis was a witness for the USFL in that action. Related topics. They have been involved in several lawsuits, most famously with the cities of Los Angeles and Oakland, as well as the NFL.

Museums. The Raiders are the most litigious team in the NFL. Related topics. In the 2004-2005 season, their first season under Turner, the Raiders continued to suffer on the field, posting their second consecutive losing record (5-11), heavy laden with turnovers and injuries. and international transportation hub by working to expand O'Hare International Airport. Additionally, a new airport has been proposed for Peotone, Illinois, and the city is working toward expanding its ties with the Gary/Chicago International Airport in Gary, Indiana. After the end of the 2003 regular season, Callahan was fired, and ultimately replaced by current head coach Norv Turner. In the 21st century, Chicago is working toward maintaining its status as a U.S. In fact, in a press conference at the end of one game, then-coach Bill Callahan berated both his players and the media for the team's poor performance that season.

The land is to be converted into a lakeside park. They finished with a losing record of 4-12, tied with three other teams for the worst record in the NFL, and the worst record ever for a team who were Super Bowl contenders one season previously. Daley in a nighttime coup, was a relatively small airstrip but unique because of its proximity to Chicago's downtown, and as an airstrip for private planes it was one of the busiest in the world. The 2003 season was a 180-degree turnaround for the Raiders. Meigs Field, which was closed by Mayor Richard M. Gannon was named MVP of the league, and the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance following the season, only to lose to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In the 20th century, Chicago held on to its status as a transportation hub with the building of three airports: O'Hare International Airport, Midway Airport, and Meigs Field. The Raiders finished the 2002 season with an 11-5 record and clinched the top seed in the playoffs.

All of the Class I railroads in existence in the United States maintain (often multiple) terminals in and around Chicago, and the city is served by a large number of smaller railroads that both interconnect the larger railroads and connect to locations not served by the larger railroads. They finished 10-6, but lost their divisional playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots in the controversial "tuck" game, in which an apparent fumble by the Patriots (that was recovered by the Raiders) was reviewed and determined to be an incomplete pass. Chicago is still the railroad hub of the United States. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. This network allowed Chicago to become the center of the meat packing industry. By 2000, the Raiders began to reclaim their position among the NFL's greatest teams, highlighted by the emergence of veteran quarterback Rich Gannon as one of the best all-around quarterbacks in Raiders history. By 1856, Chicago was the railroad hub of America and by the end of the decade more than 100 trains were coming and going each day. After the following season, the Raiders moved back to Oakland.

In the 1850s the railroads started growing from Chicago faster than anywhere else in the world. This period was marked by the career-ending injury of Bo Jackson in 1990, the failure of troubled quarterback Todd Marinovich, and the departure of Marcus Allen in 1993. Even today Chicago's importance in global distribution remains as it is the third largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore. This also marked a somewhat down period in Raider franchise history, both on the field and, more importantly, off the field. Chicago then became one of the largest grain and lumber ports in the world, with grain going to more established populations and lumber being sent to the forest-starved prairies where new settlers needed to build. Al Davis's perceived infatuation with Jackson caused a major rift between Davis and star running back Marcus Allen, who eventually left to play for the Kansas City Chiefs. Louis, and south to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico. In 1987, the Raiders drafted dual-sport athlete Bo Jackson after he originally decided to not play professional football in 1986 (when drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round).

The Illinois and Michigan Canal, completed in 1848, allowed for transport around the world with connecting waterways through Chicago all the way to New York and the Atlantic, west to St. This was momentous as it made Shell the first ever African American Head Coach in the history of the NFL. Much of this status stems from its geographic proximity during a time when the United States was growing quickly in population and area. Shell held that position until 1988 when he was made the team's Head Coach. Chicago can be considered one of the prime transportation hubs in America. Also that year Al Davis hired future hall of famer Art Shell to coach the Offensive Line. Related topics. In 1982, the Oakland Raiders moved to Los Angeles, California to play their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum; they won the championship the following year.

[2] (http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcam/aboutcom.html/). In spite of his success, Madden left coaching in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator. The University of Illinois at Chicago claims to be the largest medical school in the United States (1300 students, including those at campuses in Peoria, Rockford and Urbana-Champaign). In 1969, John Madden became the team's head coach, and during the 1970s he helped start the Raiders' ascent towards their current status as one of the most successful franchises in NFL history, starting with their 1977 Super Bowl XI win over the Minnesota Vikings. It is also home to the sprawling Illinois Medical District on the Near West Side as well as the American Medical Association, the American Hospital Association, the American Dental Association, and the American College of Surgeons. In 1970, the AFL-NFL merger took place, and the Raiders joined the West Division of the American Football Conference in the newly merged National Football League. The city is first among the major dental and medical training centers in the United States. The Raiders appeared in Super Bowl II (the first of five Super Bowls) in 1968 but lost to the NFL champion Green Bay Packers.

The United States has the largest health care system in the world, and Chicago is arguably the capital of that system. In 1966, Davis became Commissioner of the AFL and is considered a driving force in raising the AFL to competitive levels that forced the NFL to merge with the younger league. Related topics. Clem Daniels, Billy Cannon, Hoot Gibson, Art Powell and Daryle Lamonica were among many great players to wear the "silver and black", to be joined in 1967 by AFL legend George Blanda at the start of his nine-year career with the Raiders. Until about 1850, men outnumbered women and this male-dominated subculture encouraged gambling and drinking, as well as activities such as billiards and horse racing. Four years later, the club captured the 1967 AFL Championship. While the complete truth of the story is sometimes doubted, it is important as an early Chicago legend and does reflect the early days of sports in the city. Early Chicago had only the most primitive of sports. He reorganized the Raiders, and the team improved to a 10-4 won-loss record.

As soon as the fight began, police moved in and arrested every criminal and escorted them to the city borders. Al Davis, a former assistant coach for the San Diego Chargers, was hired as head coach and general manager in 1963. During the city's boomtown days local authorities staged a dogfight, knowing that it would attract some of the more unsavory characters on the town's crime scene. The team spent its first three seasons changing stadiums and losing more games than it won. In the early history of the city, sports were at the heart of some founding legends. The franchise is tied with the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs for the most post-season games played as an AFL team, six. It is one of the few cities in the United States with two professional baseball teams (Cubs, White Sox) plus professional football (Bears), soccer (Fire), basketball (Bulls), and two professional hockey teams (the Blackhawks and the minor-league Wolves). Starting out as a poor franchise with a weak team playing in Frank Youell Field, towards the end of the 1960s it became an AFL powerhouse and one of professional football's most consistent teams.

Chicago is also identified with many sports teams. The Raiders' image was synonymous with the AFL's: brash and bold. Related topics. The Oakland Raiders were a charter member of the American Football League in 1960. Moody, a 19th Century evangelist who held a Sunday School and founded a church there. Football, Inc. Chicago is home to the Moody Bible Institute, named after Dwight L. Legally, the team is a limited partnership operated by Al Davis, who serves as President of the team's general partner, A.D.

Historically, Chicago is remembered for machine politics ("Vote early and vote often" and "A city run of the Daleys, by the Daleys, for the Daleys" are two phrases associated with Chicago politics), meat packing (as mentioned in the nicknames section and made infamous by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle), and gangster violence during Prohibition (some key figures are linked to Chicago, such as Al Capone and John Dillinger). The Oakland Raiders are a National Football League team based in Oakland, California. At the same time, Sandburg, who was a lifelong Socialist, published other less well-known poems criticising Chicago's disparities in wealth. Rod Woodson. These poems are representative of Chicago's spirit. Jack Tatum. Carl Sandburg, a Pulitzer Prize–winning poet and Abraham Lincoln biographer, gave the city one of its best-known nicknames, "City of Big Shoulders", in his Chicago Poems (1916). Ken Stabler.

Chicago also has a great literary tradition. Otis Sistrunk. Many world-famous actors and comedians are from Chicago or have studied there, particularly at Northwestern University. Jerry Rice. It is home to The Second City and ImprovOlympic, two of the largest comedy troupes in the world. Jim Plunkett. Chicago is a well-known theater capital and is the mecca for improvizational comedy. Art Powell.

In addition, Chicago schools have developed in various studies, such as the famed Chicago school of architecture and the Chicago schools of economic theory, literary criticism and urban sociology, the latter three founded at the University of Chicago. Babe Parilli. Another local specialty is "cheese fries", French fries covered in cheese. John Matuszak. The Italian Beef typically includes cheese, peppers, and onions. Daryle Lamonica. Chicago has a homegrown riposte to the "po' boy" of New Orleans and the equivalent "hoagie" of Philadelphia in the Italian beef sandwich. Sean Jones.

In the field of popular cuisine, Chicago style Pizza provides the antithesis to New York styles and hot dogs, being synonymous with deep-dish and stuffed pizza in addition to being linked to a robustly complex Chicago style Hot Dog (often called "the garbage dog") that challenges the relative simplicity of a New York coney dog. Bo Jackson (also played Major League Baseball). In the field of music, Chicago is well-known for its Chicago blues, but it is also the birthplace of the House style of music, whose history is related to the development and fostering of the techno electronic style of music in nearby Detroit. Lester Hayes. For its youth as compared to Eastern cities, Chicago has made many significant pop-cultural contributions. Wayne Hawkins. Related topics. Ray Guy.

Additionally Chicago is considered to be the Prime Global Advertising Service Center by the GaWC. Dave Grayson. Chicago is considered to command the third-largest market in North America (after New York City and Los Angeles - although Mexico City is larger, its market does not hold such importance) and as such has many different forms of media and outlets to support its status. Hoot Gibson. They inspired the creation of the City Colleges of Chicago. Tom Flores. Stanley Brown in 1899. Clem Daniels.

Community colleges were pioneered by locals William Rainey Harper and J. Todd Christensen. Columbia College, Roosevelt University and The School of the Art Institute are major schools geared towards urban studies, fine arts and performance arts. Billy Cannon (born 1937, made All-League as a halfback in 1961 and as a tight end in 1969). Major research universities such as the Illinois Institute of Technology and the University of Illinois at Chicago call Chicago home. Tim Brown. Loyola is one of the largest institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. Cliff Branch.

Two of the most honored institutions of the Roman Catholic Church are DePaul University in Lincoln Park and Loyola University in Rogers Park and Edgewater. Lyle Alzado. Chicago holds a distinguished place in the United States for higher education as the home of such schools as the University of Chicago in Hyde Park and Northwestern University in Evanston. Marcus Allen. Main article: Colleges and universities of Chicago. Jerry Porter.
. Ted Washington.

Related topics. Charles Woodson. Of the total population, 28.1% of those under the age of 18 and 15.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Warren Sapp. Below the poverty line are 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. Randy Moss. The per capita income for the city is $20,175. LaMont Jordan.

Males have a median income of $35,907 versus $30,536 for females. Rich Gannon. The median income for a household in the city is $38,625, and the median income for a family is $42,724. Robert Gallery. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.1 males. Kerry Collins. For every 100 females there are 94.2 males. Gene Upshaw (1987) - 1967-1981.

The median age is 32 years. Art Shell (1989) - 1968-1982. Of the city population, 26.2% are under the age of 18, 11.2% are from 18 to 24, 33.4% are from 25 to 44, 18.9% are from 45 to 64, and 10.3% are 65 years of age or older. Jim Otto (1980) - 1960-1974. The average household size is 2.67 and the average family size is 3.50. Ron Mix (1979) - 1971. Of all households, 32.6% are made up of individuals and 8.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. Ronnie Lott (2000) - 1991-1992.

There are 1,061,928 households, of which 28.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% are married couples living together, 18.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% are non-families. Howie Long (2000) - 1981-1993. It is also considered to be the second-largest Serbian city in the world after Belgrade (which has a population of two million). James Lofton (2003) - 1987-1988. Daley. Chicago has the largest ethnically Polish population outside of Polish capital of Warsaw, making it one of the most important Polonia centers. Ted Hendricks (1990) - 1975-1983. Many of Chicago's politicians have come from this massive Irish population, including the current mayor, Richard M. Mike Haynes (1997) - 1983-1989.

The main ethnic groups in Chicago are Irish, German, Italian and Polish. Chicago has a very large Irish-American population on its South Side. Eric Dickerson (1999) - 1992. Chicago's unique culture arises from it being a melting pot, with nearly even percentages of Whites and African-Americans and a sizeable Hispanic minority. Al Davis (1992) - 1963-1965, 1966-Present. Of the population, 26.02% are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Dave Casper (2002) - 1974-1980, 1984. The racial makeup of the city is 41.97% White, 36.77% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 4.35% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.58% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. Willie Brown (1984) - 1967-1978.

There are 1,152,868 housing units at an average density of 1,959.8/km² (5,075.8/mi²). Bob Brown (2004) - 1971-1973. The population density is 4,923.0/km² (12,750.3/mi²). George Blanda (1981) - 1967-1975. This encompasses about one-fifth of the entire population of the state of Illinois and 1% of the population of the United States. Fred Biletnikoff (1988) - 1965-1978. As of the census² of 2000, there are 2,896,016 people, 1,061,928 households, and 632,909 families residing in the city of Chicago proper. Marcus Allen (2003) - 1982-1992.

People living in the Chicago area are called "Chicagoans.". Main article: Demographics of Chicago.
. Related topics.

Today Chicago is considered to be a Prime Accountancy, Advertising and Legal Service Centers by the GaWC. From this were established the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), and the modern systems we use today for futures and commodity trading. Later, people as far away as New York City began buying contracts by telegraph on the goods that would be stored in Chicago in the future. Grain was stored in Chicago, and people began buying contracts on it.

Massive amounts of goods passed through Chicago from places in the Mississippi Valley such as St. Louis, Missouri. A number of events led to this, along with Chicago's transportation systems and geographic proximity to the rest of the country. Modern-day futures and commodity trading markets were pioneered in Chicago. As the major meat companies grew in Chicago many, such as Armour, created global enterprises and communicated with divisions spread across the globe via telegraph.

Today, we consider industries such as steel, oil, and banking to be the great global market segments, but in the 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry represented the first global industry. The efficiency of Chicago's meat packing industry and its disassembly plants inspired others such as Henry Ford when he developed Model-T assembly lines. More operating months meant hundreds of thousands of new man-hours in which people could work. Before this time, meat production and distribution facilities, otherwise known as disassembly plants, had to shut down in the hot summer months.

During the 1860s two factors helped this development: First, the Civil War increased the demand for food products, and Chicago's transportation network ensured that goods could be delivered quickly to soldiers all over the northern United States; second, meat packing plants began to utilize ice. By 1862 Chicago had displaced Cincinnati, Ohio, as "Porkopolis". Swift and Philip Armour helped the area to become the largest producer of meat products in the world at the time. Great entrepreneurs such as Gustavus F.

In the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry exploded. Carl Sandburg described Chicago as a "stacker of wheat", and some would argue that the grain elevators were Chicago's first skyscrapers. In 1848 Chicago built its first grain elevator, and in 1858 there were twelve grain elevators dotting the skyline. In the 1840s Chicago became the largest grain port in the world, shipping food from the Mississippi Valley region which was also growing into the largest food-producing region in the world.

Additionally, the building of the Illinois and Michigan Canal helped move goods south down the Mississippi River. With that, many railroads started to be built from Chicago to other parts of the country, further aiding the growth of the city. Situated on the Great Lakes and with so many new people settling the area, Chicago became an ideal location for shipping and receiving goods. Before it was incorporated as a town in 1833 the primary industry was the fur trade. Chicago's early explosive growth led many land speculators and enterprising individuals to the area.

In fact Chicago's gross metropolitan product would rank 18th in the world if it were a nation-state at approximately 380 billion dollars. Today Chicago remains the United States' second financial center with the nation's second largest central business district and third largest gross metropolitan product. Chicago has been a center for commerce in the United States for most of its modern history. Main article: Economy of Chicago.

The coldest temperature ever recorded officially in Chicago is -27°F (-33°C) on January 11, 1982, with unofficial reports of -30°F.
. The highest official temperature ever recorded is 105°F (42°C) on July 17, 1995 during the Chicago Heat Wave. The highest temperature ever recorded in Chicago is an unofficial 109°F (44°C) on July 24, 1935. For example, in Chicago it has snowed in September (1942), been 90°F (33°C) in March (1982), and had a day where the high and low temperatures differed by more than 65°F (31°C) in one day (February 8, 1900).

Chicago has four clearly defined seasons, although in certain years some seasons may overextend their welcome and linger into months they do not traditionally occupy. Sudden changes of weather, large daily temperature ranges, and unpredictable precipitation patterns are all staples of Chicago weather. Chicago has a climate typical of the Midwest. Main article: Climate of Chicago.

. Related topics. A list of the color aerial views of the urban area of Chicago. Chicago is also recognized around the world for its magnificent skyline, and is globally ranked fourth based on number of buildings and floors.[1] (http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/sr/).

The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cook County and five surrounding Illinois counties as well as the Chicago–Gary–Kenosha Consolidated Statistical Area (CSA), which is made up of nine counties, two of them in northwestern Indiana and one in southeastern Wisconsin. Connecting the Chicago River with the Des Plaines is the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The city lies beside Lake Michigan and two rivers, the Chicago in Downtown Chicago and the Calumet in the industrial Far South Side, entirely or partially flow through Chicago. The city has been built on relatively flat land; the average height of land is 579 feet (176 metres) above sea level.

The total area is 2.94% water. Census Bureau, Chicago has a total area of 606.1 km² (234.0 mi²), of which 588.3 km² (227.1 mi²) is land and 17.8 km² (6.9 mi²) is water. According to the U.S. When the city we know today was initially founded in the 1830s the land was swampy and most of the early building began around the mouth of the Chicago River.

Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois at the southwestern tip of Lake Michigan. Main article: Geography of Chicago.
. Related topics.

The city is the county seat of Cook County. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November. The council enacts local ordinances and approves the city budget.

The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. In addition to the mayor, Chicago's two other citywide elected officials are the clerk and the treasurer. Daley. The current mayor is Richard M.

The mayor appoints commissioners and other officials who oversee the various departments. The mayor is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years. The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. Main article: Law and government of Chicago.

Related topics. Today, the Chinatown near 35th and Cermak is a tourist draw, and Devon avenue is a lively Indian neighborhood based on Indians and Pakistanis working as professionals in Chicago. Prior to World War I and the dispersal and persecution of German-Americans consequent on war hysteria, Lincoln Avenue was a major German-speaking area. Lively ethnic neighborhoods have long been a Chicago feature.

In a reversal of the pattern of the 1960s which is an emulation of modern Paris, the very wealthy once again dominate the city center, with new residential housing in the Loop (even the financial district), River North (formerly the Near North Side) and south of the Loop, while the poor have been migrating to the older ring of suburbs of Chicago. At the same time, pathologies remain including homelessness and crime. Chicago's population declines and lack of new construction, characteristic of the town during the 1960s and 1970s, have been reversed by a considerable amount of mostly private investment which make its center today quite lively, with a number of museums, a first rate symphony and opera company, and many live theaters. In August 1968, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago was disrupted, at first by peaceful, if noisy, protests and then by what an ex-governor of Illinois characterized as a "police riot" when overworked Chicago police charged demonstrators on Michigan avenue.

On December 2, 1942, the world's first controlled nuclear reaction was conducted at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. Instead, the River flowed into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and eventually into the Mississippi River. The Chicago River's direction of flow was reversed in 1900 to prevent sewage from running into Lake Michigan, the city's water source. Today, Chicago remains a town of still-strong unions as a result of a tradition of labor militancy.

The 1880s and 1890s were a time when many Chicagoans made their fortune, but the ordinary person's lot was fairly grim, with poor housing, disease and long hours the norm. Two noted events of this period were the Haymarket Riot, which started in a way that is still under debate and the Pullman Strike of 1894, started when railcar magnate George Pullman turned workers out of their company housing when they were no longer needed. Chicago's resurgence onto the world scene was capped by the World Columbian Exposition (1893 Chicago World's Fair). The first skyscraper was constructed in 1885 using novel steel-skeleton construction. In the following years, Chicago rebuilt itself and its architecture became influential throughout the world.

In 1871, most of the city burned in the Great Chicago Fire. The 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago nominated home-state candidate Abraham Lincoln. In 1855, the level of the city was raised four to seven feet, with individual buildings jacked up and fill brought in to raise streets above the swamp. Chicago also became home to nationwide retailers such as Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck and Company that offered catalog shopping using these connections.

Chicago would go on to become the transportation hub of the United States with its road, rail, and water (and later air) connections. The first rail line to Chicago, the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, was also completed in 1848. The opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal in 1848 allowed shipping from the Great Lakes through Chicago to the Mississippi River and so to the Gulf of Mexico. On March 4, 1837, Chicago was granted a city charter by the state.

On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was incorporated with a population of 350. It was destroyed in the Fort Dearborn Massacre during the War of 1812, but was rebuilt in 1816 and remained in use until 1837. In 1803, Fort Dearborn was built. In 1795, the Chicago area was ceded by the Native Americans in the Treaty of Greenville to the United States for use as a military post.

In the 1770s the first non-native settler, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a Haitian of African descent, settled on the banks of the Chicago River. The area now known as Chicago was primarily inhabited by Potawatomis. Main article: History of Chicago. Its unique cuisine, skyscrapers and sports teams are also the most recognized symbols of the city.

Chicago is known for its cultural and ethnic diversity and frontier and political history. With several colloquial nicknames, Chicago is ranked by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network as one of the ten alpha world cities. A former frontier town in existence for over 175 years, Chicago is located in the midwest state of Illinois along the western shores of Lake Michigan. Chicago and Chicagoland, when combined with the greater Milwaukee region, is often considered a megacity or megalopolis with a population that nears approximately 12 million people.

The city itself covers 606.1 km² (234.0 mi²) but when combined with its suburbs and eight collar counties, forming the greater metropolitan area known as Chicagoland, it encompasses more than 5,000 mi² with a population that nears approximately 10 million people. Classified as a world class city, it is the fourth largest in North America and the seventh largest in Western Hemisphere. Chicago, Illinois — officially the City of Chicago and colloquially known as Chicago, the Second City and the Windy City — is the third largest city of the United States after New York City and Los Angeles and is the largest inland city of the nation. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 2,896,016 people.
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Miller ISBN 0684801949. City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America by Donald L. The Encyclopedia of Chicago (online version) (http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/). The Encyclopedia of Chicago ISBN 0226310159.

City of Chicago Homepage (http://www.cityofchicago.org/). Travel guide to Chicago, Illinois from Wikitravel. Photos of Chicago - Terra Galleria (http://www.terragalleria.com/america/mid-west/illinois/). Spertus Institute - Museum dedicated solely to Judaica.

The Pacific Northwest–themed Oceanarium features dolphins, whales, and other animals from the region, as well as a panoramic view of Lake Michigan. Located on the Museum Campus, the Shedd Aquarium is home to a large collection of marine life from throughout the world. Lake Shore Dr., +1 312-939-2438. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 S.

Museum of Science and Industry. Museum of Holography. Oriental Institute, part of the University of Chicago, one of the best collections of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archeology in the world. $10 ($6 student, free Tu after 5PM).

Art of all types from around the world made since 1945. Tu 10AM-8PM, W-Su 10AM-5PM. Chicago Ave., +1 312-280-2660. Museum of Contemporary Art, 220 E.

$12 ($7 children, seniors and students; Monday and Tuesday are free seasonally). Highlights include the largest Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton in the world as well as a great, kids-friendly Egyptian exhibit. Chicago's natural history museum. Every day 9AM-5PM.

Lake Shore Dr., +1 312-922-9410. Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. The ceiling of Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38-foot Tiffany glass dome. Built in 1897 as Chicago's first public library, the building now houses the city's Visitor Information Center, galleries, and exhibit halls.

Except holidays, M-Th 10AM-7PM, F 10AM-6PM, Sa 10AM-5PM, Su 11AM-5PM. Washington St. Chicago Cultural Center (Home Page (http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Tourism/CultureCenterTour/)), 78 E. Famous pieces include American Gothic by Grant Wood, and A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat.

Michigan Ave. One of the premier museums in the United States. Art Institute of Chicago, 111 S. Public Transit Trip Planner (http://tripsweb.rtachicago.com/). Chicago Pedway.

Chicago Tunnel Company. Chicago Trolley Company. Route 66. Chicago rail stations.

Chicago Regional Port District. Multilevel streets in Chicago. Streets and highways of Chicago. Mass transit in Chicago.

Airports of Chicago. Chicagoland hospitals. U.S. cities with teams from four major sports. Chicago Wolves.

Chicago Bruisers. Chicago Enforcers. Chicago Rush. Chicago Blitz.

Chicago Motor Speedway. Arlington Park. List of non-fiction about Chicago. List of fiction set in Chicago.

Area code 773. Area code 312. Area codes