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Bob Marley

Bob Marley

Robert Nesta Marley (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981), better known as Bob Marley, was a singer, guitarist, songwriter from the ghettos of Jamaica. He is the best known reggae musician of all time, famous for popularising the genre outside of Jamaica. Much of his work deals with the struggles of the impoverished and/or powerless. He has been called the Charles Wesley of the Rastafarian faith for the way he spread Rastafari through his music.

He was the husband of Rita Anderson Marley (who was one of the I Threes, who acted as the Wailers' back up singers after they became a global act). She had 4 of his 9 children, including David Ziggy Marley and Stephen Marley who continue their father's musical legacy in their band the Melody Makers. Another of his sons Damien Marley (aka "Jr Gong") has also started a career in music.

Political and religious convictions

Bob Marley Catch a fire

Marley was well known for his devotion to the Rastafarian religion. It was his wife Rita who first inspired him in his faith, and he then received teachings from Mortimer Planner. He served as a de facto missionary for the faith (his actions and lyrics suggest that this was intentional) and brought it to global attention. Through his music he preached brotherhood and peace for all of mankind. Towards the end of his life he was also baptised into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with the name Berhane Selassie.

As a Rasta, Bob Marley was a great defender of cannabis which he used as a sacrament. On the cover of Catch a Fire he is seen smoking a big spliff, and the spiritual use of cannabis is mentioned in many of his songs.

Marley was known to have connections with the Twelve Tribes of Israel sect of Rastafari, and he expressed this with a biblical quote about Joseph, son of Jacob on the album cover of Rastaman Vibration. The tribe of Joseph is Aquarius. Marley also makes many references to Judah and his tribe, in reference to Haile Selassie, God incarnate of the Rastafarians.

Early life

Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945 in Jamaica to Norval Marley, a middle-aged white plantation overseer from England, and Cedella Booker, a black teenager from the north country. Cedella and Norval were to be married on June 9th, 1944. Approximately a week before the wedding, however, Norval informed Cedella that his chronic hernia had begun to trouble him and as a result he would be changing jobs and moving to Kingston. Norval never really knew his son because of the white upper class' disdain for mixed race relationships. As a person of mixed race, Bob Marley may have been rejected and even the object of bitter ridicule by both white and black Jamaicans for his mixed heritage.

Musical career

Early career

Marley started his musical experimentation in ska and gravitated towards reggae as the music evolved, playing, teaching and singing for a long period in the 1970s and 1980s. Marley is perhaps best-known for work with his reggae group "The Wailers", which included two other celebrated reggae musicians, Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. Livingstone and Tosh later left the group and went on to become successful solo artists.

Much of Marley's early work was produced by Coxsone Dodd at Studio One. That relationship later deteriorated due to financial pressure, and in the early 1970s he produced what is believed by many to be his finest work with Lee Perry. This pair also split apart, this time over the assignment of recording rights. They did work together again in London, though, and remained friends until Marley's death.

Marley's work was largely responsible for the mainstream cultural acceptance of reggae music outside of Jamaica. He signed to Chris Blackwell's Island Records label in 1971, at the time a highly influential and innovative label. Island Records boasted a retinue of successful and diverse artists including Genesis, John Martyn and Nick Drake. Though many people believe that Blackwell interfered with what Marley wanted to do with his own music, others think that the knowledge this producer brought to the scene was critical in Marley's wish to bring reggae to the world. It was his 1975 hit No woman, no cry that first gained him fame on a wider level.

Shot in election violence

In 1976, just two days before a scheduled free concert that Marley and the then Jamaican PM Michael Manley had organized in the run up to the general election, Marley, his wife Rita and manager Don Taylor, were shot inside the star's 56 Hope Road home. Marley received minor injuries in the arm and chest. Don Taylor took most of the bullets in his legs and torso as he accidentally walked in the line of fire. He was registered in serious condition after he was rushed to the hospital but fully recovered later. Rita also recovered of the head wound she received that night. It is generally believed that this shooting was politically motivated. Jamaican politics being somewhat violent at the time, especially when close to elections time as it was then. The concert was seen as being in support of the progressive prime minister of Jamaica, Michael Manley. It is widely held that he was shot by supporters of the conservative political party of Jamaica, the Jamaica Labour Party. However, there is little evidence to support this. Though the police never caught the gunmen, Marley devotees later "caught up" with them on the streets of Kingston.

Later career

Bob Marley live in concert at the Hallenstadion in Zurich, Switzerland on May 30, 1980

Bob Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and went to England, where he recorded both Exodus and Kaya, and where he was famously arrested for possession of a joint of marijuana. He released "Africa Unite" on the Survival album in 1979, and was then invited to perform at the Zimbabwe Independence Day celebrations on April 17th 1980.

Battle with cancer

Diagnosis

In July 1977, Marley was found to have a wound on his right big toe, which he thought was from a soccer injury. The wound would not completely heal, and his toenail later fell off during a soccer game. It was then that the correct diagnosis was made. Marley actually had a form of skin cancer, malignant melanoma, which grew under his toenail. He was advised to get his toe amputated, but he refused because of the Rastafarian belief that doctors are samfai, confidence men who cheat the gullible by pretending to have the power of witchcraft. He also was concerned about the impact the operation would have on his dancing; amputation would profoundly affect his career at a time when greater success was close at hand. Still, Marley based this refusal on his Rastafarian beliefs, saying, "Rasta no abide amputation. I and I don't allow a mon ta be dismantled." [Catch a Fire, Timothy White] He did have surgery to try to excise the cancer cells. The cancer was kept a secret from the wider public.

Collapse and treatment

The cancer spread to his brain, his lungs and his stomach. While on tour in the summer of 1980 trying to break into the US market, he collapsed jogging in NYC's Central Park. This was after a series of shows in England and at Madison Square Garden. The illness made him unable to continue with the large tour planned. Marley sought help, and decided to go to Munich in order to receive treatment from controversial cancer specialist Josef Issels for several months, but it was to no avail.

Death

A month before his death, he was awarded Jamaica's Order of Merit. He wanted to spend his final days in Jamaica but he became too ill on the flight home from Germany and had to land in Miami. He passed away at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami, Florida on May 11, 1981. His funeral in Jamaica was a dignified affair with combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafarianism. He is buried in a crypt at Nine Miles, near his birthplace.

Posthumous reputation

Bob Marley's music and legend have gone from strength to strength in the years since his early death and continues to produce a huge stream of revenue for his estate, and has brought him nearly mythic status in music history similar to that of Elvis Presley and John Lennon.He is enormously popular and well known all over the world, and particularly so in Africa.

Controversy over burial place


In January 2005, it was reported (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4168883.stm) that Rita Marley is planning to have her late husband's remains exhumed and reburied in Shashamane, Ethiopia. In announcing the decision to move Marley's remains to Ethiopia, Rita Marley said: "Bob's whole life is about Africa, it is not Jamaica." There is as lot of resistance to this proposal in Jamaica. The birthday celebrations for what would have been his 60th birthday on February 6th 2005 were celebrated in Shashamane for the first time, having previously always been held in Jamaica.

  • Bob Marley birthday celebrations marked by dispute over possible reburial
  • [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4225239.stm)

Rewards and honors

  • 1976 - Band of the Year (Rolling Stone)
  • June 1978 - Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations
  • February 1981 - Awarded Jamaica's highest honor, the Order of Merit
  • 1999 - Album of the Century (Time Magazine) for Exodus)
  • February 2001 - A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
  • February 2001 - Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

Discography

  • Judge Not (1961) (Single)
  • Simmer Down (1964) (Single)
  • Catch a Fire (1973)
    • "Concrete Jungle"
    • "Slave Driver"
    • "400 Years"
    • "Stop That Train"
    • "Baby We've Got A Date (Rock It Baby)"
    • "Stir It Up"
    • "Kinky Reggae"
    • "No More Trouble"
    • "Midnight Ravers"
  • African Herbsman (1973)
    • "Small Axe"
    • "Trench Town Rock"
  • Burnin' (1973)
    • "Get Up, Stand Up"
    • "Hallelujah Time"
    • "I Shot The Sheriff"
    • "Burnin' and Lootin'"
    • "Put It On"
    • "Small Axe"
    • "Pass It On"
    • "Duppy Conqueror"
    • "One Foundation"
    • "Rasta Man Chant"
  • Natty Dread (1974)
    • "Lively Up Yourself"
    • "No Woman No Cry"
    • "Them Belly Full (But We Hungry)"
    • "Rebel Music (Three O'clock Roadblock)"
    • "So Jah Seh"
    • "Natty Dread"
    • "Bend Down Low"
    • "Talking blues"
    • "Revolution"
  • Live! (1975) - recorded at The Lyceum theatre, London
    • "Trenchtown Rock "
    • "Burnin' & Lootin'"
    • "Them Belly Full"
    • "Lively Up Yourself"
    • "No Woman No Cry"
    • "I Shot the Sheriff"
    • "Get Up Stand Up"
  • Rastaman Vibration (1976)
    • "Positive Vibration"
    • "Roots, Rock, Reggae"
    • "Johnny Was"
    • "Cry To Me"
    • "Want More"
    • "Crazy Baldhead"
    • "Who The Cap Fit"
    • "Night Shift"
    • "War"
    • "Rat Race"
  • Exodus (1977)
    • "Natural Mystic"
    • "So Much Things To Say"
    • "Guiltiness"
    • "The Heatrhen"
    • "Exodus"
    • "Jamming"
    • "Waiting In Vain"
    • "Turn Your Lights Down Low"
    • "Three Little Birds"
    • "One Love/People"
    • "Get Ready"
  • Kaya (1978)
    • "Easy Skanking"
    • "Kaya"
    • "Is This Love"
    • "Sun Is Shining"
    • "Satisfy My Soul"
    • "She's Gone"
    • "Misty Morning"
    • "Crisis"
    • "Running Away"
    • "Time Will Tell"
  • Babylon by Bus (1978)
    • "Positive Vibration"
    • "Punky Reggae Party"
    • "Exodus"
    • "Stir It Up"
    • "Rat Race"
    • "Concrete Jungle"
    • "Kinky Reggae"
    • "Lively Up Yourself"
    • "Rebel Music"
    • "War/No More Trouble"
    • "Is This Love"
    • "Heathen"
    • "Jamming"
  • Survival (1979)
    • "So Much Trouble In The World"
    • "Zimbabwe"
    • "Top Rankin'"
    • "Babylon System"
    • "Survival"
    • "Africa Unite"
    • "One Drop"
    • "Ride Natty Ride"
    • "Ambush In The Night"
    • "Wake Up And Live"
  • Uprising (1980)
    • "Coming In From The Cold"
    • "Real Situation"
    • "Bad Card"
    • "We And Them"
    • "Work"
    • "Zion Train"
    • "Pimper's Paradise"
    • "Could You Be Loved"
    • "Forever Loving Jah"
    • "Redemption Song"
  • Chances Are (1981)
    • "Reggae On Broadway" (earlier single (by CBS))
  • Confrontation (1983)
    • "Buffalo Soldier"
    • "Jump Nyabingi"
    • "Mix Up, Mix Up"
    • "Give Thanks & Praises"
    • "Blackman Redemption"
    • "Trench Town"
    • "Stiff Necked Fools"
    • "I Know"
    • "Rastaman Live Up"

Sound samples

  • Download sample of "Redemption Song"

External links

  • Bob Marley at 60, what's planned? (http://www.tributetobobmarley.com/)
  • Bob Marley Lyrics (http://www.jamaicalyrics.com.ar/index.php?mod=search&type=0&find=bob+marley)
  • Bob Marley Lyrics (http://lyrics.rare-lyrics.com/B/Bob-Marley.html)
  • Bob Marley (http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0002490/) at the Internet Movie Database
  • On October 4, 1963, Haile Selassie addressed the United Nations with his famous peace speech (http://www.bobmarley.com/life/rastafari/war_speech.html) from which Bob Marley made the song 'War'.
  • www.bobmarley.com
  • Lovers and Children of the Natural Mystic: The Story of Bob Marley, Women and their Children  (http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/dixon.html)
  • Family tree of Bob Marley (http://hem.passagen.se/ielbo/wail/wailerft.htm)
  • Bob Marley Forever - Posters, Shirts, Books, Lyrics and more (http://www.bobmarleyforever.com)
  • Christian site critical of Marley's Rasta beliefs (http://www.av1611.org/crock/pod_rast.html)

Bibliography

Timothy White. Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. Owl Books (NY), 1998.

Filmography

Rebel Music: The Bob Marley Story


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Rebel Music: The Bob Marley Story. The Misfits appeared as characters or in cameos in the following movies. Owl Books (NY), 1998. Many musical groups whose resemblance to The Misfits seems far removed also cite The Misfits as crucial influences, such as Metallica and Cradle of Filth. Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. These include, most notably, bands such as AFI, Tiger Army, Alkaline Trio and the Murderdolls. Timothy White. A number of bands have recently surfaced which, although in some cases less obviously horror punk, are still strongly visibly and audibly influenced by The Misfits.

The birthday celebrations for what would have been his 60th birthday on February 6th 2005 were celebrated in Shashamane for the first time, having previously always been held in Jamaica. Psychobilly has various similarities with horror punk. In announcing the decision to move Marley's remains to Ethiopia, Rita Marley said: "Bob's whole life is about Africa, it is not Jamaica." There is as lot of resistance to this proposal in Jamaica. Myriad bands have imitated The Misfits' style, such as Blitzkid, and these bands have become known as horror punk.
In January 2005, it was reported (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4168883.stm) that Rita Marley is planning to have her late husband's remains exhumed and reburied in Shashamane, Ethiopia. The influence The Misfits have had on punk rock, and rock music in general, sometimes seems disproportionate to the publicity and critical attention they have received. Bob Marley's music and legend have gone from strength to strength in the years since his early death and continues to produce a huge stream of revenue for his estate, and has brought him nearly mythic status in music history similar to that of Elvis Presley and John Lennon.He is enormously popular and well known all over the world, and particularly so in Africa. Chud is pursuing a solo career.

He is buried in a crypt at Nine Miles, near his birthplace. As of 2004, Michale Graves currently sings in Gotham Road and is one of the forces behind www.conservativepunk.org [2] (http://www.conserativepunk.org), while Dr. His funeral in Jamaica was a dignified affair with combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafarianism. Chud had formed their own band, Graves, which released a single album before breaking up. He passed away at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami, Florida on May 11, 1981. Meanwhile Michale Graves and Dr. He wanted to spend his final days in Jamaica but he became too ill on the flight home from Germany and had to land in Miami. The album featured not only the punk rock all-star Misfits lineup of Only, Cadena and Ramone, but prominent appearances from 60's pop chanteuse Ronnie Spector and Blondie keyboardist Jimmy Destri.

A month before his death, he was awarded Jamaica's Order of Merit. Freed from the Misfits' contractual obligations to Universal's Geffen and Roadrunner imprints, Only and Misfits confidant John Cafiero formed Misfits Records and launched their new label with two releases, the American debut of their Japanese imitators Balzac, and a new Misfits album featuring the band's retakes on ten 50's rock classics, Project 1950. Marley sought help, and decided to go to Munich in order to receive treatment from controversial cancer specialist Josef Issels for several months, but it was to no avail. Doyle took an indefinite hiatus from performing, Jerry took over lead vocals in addition to his bass duties, and recruited punk veterans Dez Cadena of Black Flag, and Marky Ramone of The Ramones to undertake a 25th Anniversary Tour. The illness made him unable to continue with the large tour planned. Chud left the band on October 25, 2000 at a performance at the House of Blues in Orlando. This was after a series of shows in England and at Madison Square Garden. The new incarnation of the Misfits released two full-length albums, American Psycho and Famous Monsters as well as a collection of rare and unreleased late Misfits tracks, until Michale Graves and Dr.

While on tour in the summer of 1980 trying to break into the US market, he collapsed jogging in NYC's Central Park. Chud of Sardonica on drums. The cancer spread to his brain, his lungs and his stomach. Only gained the rights to the Misfits name and Image, and reformed the band in 1995 (1995 in music) with Doyle and newcomers Michale Graves on vocals and Dr. The cancer was kept a secret from the wider public. He concedes that Danzig wrote nearly all the lyrics and much of the music, but contended that he and Doyle "wrote 25% or maybe 30% of the music," [1] (http://www.citizinemag.com/music/music-0309_jerryonly.htm) and deserved compensation. I and I don't allow a mon ta be dismantled." [Catch a Fire, Timothy White] He did have surgery to try to excise the cancer cells. In addition to the rights to the Misfits name and image, Only sought songwriting credits on much of the Misfits early material.

Still, Marley based this refusal on his Rastafarian beliefs, saying, "Rasta no abide amputation. Meanwhile, Jerry Only and his brother, Misfits guitarist Doyle, played in a heavy metal band called Kryst The Conqueror with Yngwie Malmsteen vocalist Jeff Scott Soto until Only won the performing and recording rights to the Misfits in a legal battle. He also was concerned about the impact the operation would have on his dancing; amputation would profoundly affect his career at a time when greater success was close at hand. Samhain later metamorphosed into Danzig. He was advised to get his toe amputated, but he refused because of the Rastafarian belief that doctors are samfai, confidence men who cheat the gullible by pretending to have the power of witchcraft. On October 29, 1983 (see 1983 in music), Glenn Danzig broke up the band to dedicate his full attention to a new group, Samhain. Marley actually had a form of skin cancer, malignant melanoma, which grew under his toenail. The band bailed themselves out of jail and skipped court to drive to their next performance in Florida.

It was then that the correct diagnosis was made. On October 17, 1982, the band was arrested in New Orleans on the charges of grave-robbing while in search of the burial place of voodoo practitioner Marie Laveau. The Misfits denied the charges, and a witness reportedly attested that they had not even entered the cemetery gates. The wound would not completely heal, and his toenail later fell off during a soccer game. Glenn's jail time would become the inspiration for the song "London Dungeon". In July 1977, Marley was found to have a wound on his right big toe, which he thought was from a soccer injury. Danzig and guitarist Bobby Steele were jailed in the London district of Brixton for "threatening behavior" on December 2nd, 1979. He released "Africa Unite" on the Survival album in 1979, and was then invited to perform at the Zimbabwe Independence Day celebrations on April 17th 1980. Like many punk bands of that time, the Misfits had brushes with the law.

Bob Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and went to England, where he recorded both Exodus and Kaya, and where he was famously arrested for possession of a joint of marijuana. During their original career, the Misfits were exemplary practitioners of the DIY ethic: The band (especially Danzig) booked their own shows, assembled and sold their own records, and ran their own fan club, the Fiend Club. Though the police never caught the gunmen, Marley devotees later "caught up" with them on the streets of Kingston. Many early members came and went, in shifting combination; Danzig and Only being constants. However, there is little evidence to support this. This version didn't last long, recording one single and playing only a few gigs before the band ditched the piano (and the original drummer) and recruited a guitarist. It is widely held that he was shot by supporters of the conservative political party of Jamaica, the Jamaica Labour Party. The earliest lineup was a trio, with Danzig singing and playing electric piano.

The concert was seen as being in support of the progressive prime minister of Jamaica, Michael Manley. Their later characteristic font consists of letters taken from the logo of the magazine "Famous Monsters of Filmland". Jamaican politics being somewhat violent at the time, especially when close to elections time as it was then. The original Misfits' latter-day (and canonical) logo, a distinctive skull, is from a 1940s serial, the Crimson Ghost. It is generally believed that this shooting was politically motivated. The band plays and records today as a Jerry Only project, with rotating members. Rita also recovered of the head wound she received that night. The band often wore ghoulish makeup when performing, and bassist Jerry Only invented a hairstyle called the devilock which is still worn by fans today.

He was registered in serious condition after he was rushed to the hospital but fully recovered later. The original Misfits released several 7" singles, in DIY limited-edition, that have long been considered prime collectors' items. Don Taylor took most of the bullets in his legs and torso as he accidentally walked in the line of fire. The original Misfits broke up in 1983. Marley received minor injuries in the arm and chest. Members came and went, with bassist and co-founder Jerry Only (nč Caiafa) holding down the fort in terms of other instrumental players. In 1976, just two days before a scheduled free concert that Marley and the then Jamaican PM Michael Manley had organized in the run up to the general election, Marley, his wife Rita and manager Don Taylor, were shot inside the star's 56 Hope Road home. However, many other early songs are just as interesting, with the recently-released "Static Age" LP (of '78 studio sessions) filling all such accounts.

It was his 1975 hit No woman, no cry that first gained him fame on a wider level. The track is quite noteworthy, with aggressively sloppy punk instrumentation and a soaring, Italian-tenor vocal line. Though many people believe that Blackwell interfered with what Marley wanted to do with his own music, others think that the knowledge this producer brought to the scene was critical in Marley's wish to bring reggae to the world. "Last Caress" was a very rare track for years, and is now commonly regarded as the prototypical early-Misfits song, with blaring instruments and Danzig's melodic vocals putting the rendition somewhere on the crude median between Frank Sinatra and the Sex Pistols. Island Records boasted a retinue of successful and diverse artists including Genesis, John Martyn and Nick Drake. Another Metallica cover, "Last Caress," is from the Misfits' aborted "Static Age" album session, from '78.). He signed to Chris Blackwell's Island Records label in 1971, at the time a highly influential and innovative label. (Metallica covered two Misfits songs from this era, "Green Hell" and "Die Die My Darling," although some purists regard the cover version as weak and mechanical.

Marley's work was largely responsible for the mainstream cultural acceptance of reggae music outside of Jamaica. By the original band's last album, Earth A.D., they had become a hardcore punk band, with Danzig's standout vocal tone floating over a torrent of thrashing guitar, bass, and drums, courtesy of Jerry, brother Doyle, and pal Robo. They did work together again in London, though, and remained friends until Marley's death. (The early Misfits were, in both good and bad ways, a notably aggressive and untrained ensemble.). This pair also split apart, this time over the assignment of recording rights. The early Misfits were often quite melodic: Danzig's voice was extremely supple, with a style rooted in Italian tenors such as Mario Lanza, and in 1950's doo wop; and with songwriting including strong pop hooks and sing-along choruses -- but grafted onto a very loud, and often cruddy-sounding punk band. That relationship later deteriorated due to financial pressure, and in the early 1970s he produced what is believed by many to be his finest work with Lee Perry. The early lyrical and graphical focus was on retro (1930s-'50s) science fiction, horror films, and B-movies.

Much of Marley's early work was produced by Coxsone Dodd at Studio One. The band's name is from The Misfits, Marilyn Monroe's last movie. Livingstone and Tosh later left the group and went on to become successful solo artists. The Misfits were a punk rock band formed in 1977 in the town of Lodi, New Jersey, and led by singer Glenn Danzig (nč Anzalone). Marley is perhaps best-known for work with his reggae group "The Wailers", which included two other celebrated reggae musicians, Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. Campfire Stories (2001), as The Misfits. Marley started his musical experimentation in ska and gravitated towards reggae as the music evolved, playing, teaching and singing for a long period in the 1970s and 1980s. Big Money Hustlas (2000), as Misfits 1-4 (individually credited).

As a person of mixed race, Bob Marley may have been rejected and even the object of bitter ridicule by both white and black Jamaicans for his mixed heritage. Bruiser (2000), uncredited. Norval never really knew his son because of the white upper class' disdain for mixed race relationships. Animal Room (1995), as The Misfits. Approximately a week before the wedding, however, Norval informed Cedella that his chronic hernia had begun to trouble him and as a result he would be changing jobs and moving to Kingston. Project 1950 (2003) - album. Cedella and Norval were to be married on June 9th, 1944. Cuts From The Crypt (1999) - album.

Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945 in Jamaica to Norval Marley, a middle-aged white plantation overseer from England, and Cedella Booker, a black teenager from the north country. Monster Mash (1999) - single. Marley also makes many references to Judah and his tribe, in reference to Haile Selassie, God incarnate of the Rastafarians. Famous Monsters (1999) - album. The tribe of Joseph is Aquarius. Evillive II (1998) - live fan club album. Marley was known to have connections with the Twelve Tribes of Israel sect of Rastafari, and he expressed this with a biblical quote about Joseph, son of Jacob on the album cover of Rastaman Vibration. Dig Up Her Bones (1997) - single.

On the cover of Catch a Fire he is seen smoking a big spliff, and the spiritual use of cannabis is mentioned in many of his songs. American Psycho (1997) - album. As a Rasta, Bob Marley was a great defender of cannabis which he used as a sacrament. 12 Hits From Hell (2001) - album (promo only, unreleased). Towards the end of his life he was also baptised into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with the name Berhane Selassie. Static Age (1997) - album. Through his music he preached brotherhood and peace for all of mankind. Collection II (1995) - album.

He served as a de facto missionary for the faith (his actions and lyrics suggest that this was intentional) and brought it to global attention. Evilive (1987) - live album. It was his wife Rita who first inspired him in his faith, and he then received teachings from Mortimer Planner. Collection I (1986) - album. Marley was well known for his devotion to the Rastafarian religion. Legacy Of Brutality (1985) - album. Another of his sons Damien Marley (aka "Jr Gong") has also started a career in music. Earth A.D. (1984) - album.

She had 4 of his 9 children, including David Ziggy Marley and Stephen Marley who continue their father's musical legacy in their band the Melody Makers. Die, Die My Darling (1984) - single. He was the husband of Rita Anderson Marley (who was one of the I Threes, who acted as the Wailers' back up singers after they became a global act). Earth A.D./Wolfs Blood (1983) - album. He has been called the Charles Wesley of the Rastafarian faith for the way he spread Rastafari through his music. Evilive (1982) - live fan club EP. Much of his work deals with the struggles of the impoverished and/or powerless. Walk Among Us (1982) - album.

He is the best known reggae musician of all time, famous for popularising the genre outside of Jamaica. Halloween (1981) - single. Robert Nesta Marley (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981), better known as Bob Marley, was a singer, guitarist, songwriter from the ghettos of Jamaica. Who Killed Marilyn? (1981) - single (though often credited as a Misfits release, this was issued as a Glenn Danzig solo release). Christian site critical of Marley's Rasta beliefs (http://www.av1611.org/crock/pod_rast.html). 3 Hits From Hell (1981) - EP. Bob Marley Forever - Posters, Shirts, Books, Lyrics and more (http://www.bobmarleyforever.com). Beware (1980) - EP.

Family tree of Bob Marley (http://hem.passagen.se/ielbo/wail/wailerft.htm). Night of the Living Dead (1979) - single. Lovers and Children of the Natural Mystic: The Story of Bob Marley, Women and their Children  (http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/dixon.html). Horror Business (1979) - EP. www.bobmarley.com. Bullet (1978) - EP. On October 4, 1963, Haile Selassie addressed the United Nations with his famous peace speech (http://www.bobmarley.com/life/rastafari/war_speech.html) from which Bob Marley made the song 'War'. Cough/Cool (1977) - single.

Bob Marley (http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0002490/) at the Internet Movie Database. Bob Marley Lyrics (http://lyrics.rare-lyrics.com/B/Bob-Marley.html). Bob Marley Lyrics (http://www.jamaicalyrics.com.ar/index.php?mod=search&type=0&find=bob+marley). Bob Marley at 60, what's planned? (http://www.tributetobobmarley.com/).

Download sample of "Redemption Song". "Rastaman Live Up". "I Know". "Stiff Necked Fools".

"Trench Town". "Blackman Redemption". "Give Thanks & Praises". "Mix Up, Mix Up".

"Jump Nyabingi". "Buffalo Soldier". Confrontation (1983)

    . "Reggae On Broadway" (earlier single (by CBS)).

    Chances Are (1981)

      . "Redemption Song". "Forever Loving Jah". "Could You Be Loved".

      "Pimper's Paradise". "Zion Train". "Work". "We And Them".

      "Bad Card". "Real Situation". "Coming In From The Cold". Uprising (1980)

        .

        "Wake Up And Live". "Ambush In The Night". "Ride Natty Ride". "One Drop".

        "Africa Unite". "Survival". "Babylon System". "Top Rankin'".

        "Zimbabwe". "So Much Trouble In The World". Survival (1979)

          . "Jamming".

          "Heathen". "Is This Love". "War/No More Trouble". "Rebel Music".

          "Lively Up Yourself". "Kinky Reggae". "Concrete Jungle". "Rat Race".

          "Stir It Up". "Exodus". "Punky Reggae Party". "Positive Vibration".

          Babylon by Bus (1978)

            . "Time Will Tell". "Running Away". "Crisis".

            "Misty Morning". "She's Gone". "Satisfy My Soul". "Sun Is Shining".

            "Is This Love". "Kaya". "Easy Skanking". Kaya (1978)

              .

              "Get Ready". "One Love/People". "Three Little Birds". "Turn Your Lights Down Low".

              "Waiting In Vain". "Jamming". "Exodus". "The Heatrhen".

              "Guiltiness". "So Much Things To Say". "Natural Mystic". Exodus (1977)

                .

                "Rat Race". "War". "Night Shift". "Who The Cap Fit".

                "Crazy Baldhead". "Want More". "Cry To Me". "Johnny Was".

                "Roots, Rock, Reggae". "Positive Vibration". Rastaman Vibration (1976)

                  . "Get Up Stand Up".

                  "I Shot the Sheriff". "No Woman No Cry". "Lively Up Yourself". "Them Belly Full".

                  "Burnin' & Lootin'". "Trenchtown Rock ". Live! (1975) - recorded at The Lyceum theatre, London

                    . "Revolution".

                    "Talking blues". "Bend Down Low". "Natty Dread". "So Jah Seh".

                    "Rebel Music (Three O'clock Roadblock)". "Them Belly Full (But We Hungry)". "No Woman No Cry". "Lively Up Yourself".

                    Natty Dread (1974)

                      . "Rasta Man Chant". "One Foundation". "Duppy Conqueror".

                      "Pass It On". "Small Axe". "Put It On". "Burnin' and Lootin'".

                      "I Shot The Sheriff". "Hallelujah Time". "Get Up, Stand Up". Burnin' (1973)

                        .

                        "Trench Town Rock". "Small Axe". African Herbsman (1973)

                          . "Midnight Ravers".

                          "No More Trouble". "Kinky Reggae". "Stir It Up". "Baby We've Got A Date (Rock It Baby)".

                          "Stop That Train". "400 Years". "Slave Driver". "Concrete Jungle".

                          Catch a Fire (1973)

                            . Simmer Down (1964) (Single). Judge Not (1961) (Single). February 2001 - Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

                            February 2001 - A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1999 - Album of the Century (Time Magazine) for Exodus). February 1981 - Awarded Jamaica's highest honor, the Order of Merit. June 1978 - Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.

                            1976 - Band of the Year (Rolling Stone). [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4225239.stm). Bob Marley birthday celebrations marked by dispute over possible reburial.