Barbie

OOAK - "One of a kind." A doll that has been customized by an artist, usually by repainting and/or rerooting the hair. The 1802, a 2002 with a 1.8L motor as used in the 1800 sedan, was also available. M/C - "Mint and complete." An outfit in perfect, just-out-of-the box condition with all pieces and accessories included. An economy model of the 2002, the 1502 had a 1.6L engine.  It was sold only in Europe from 1975 through 1977. A/O - "All original." Indicates that a doll is exactly as it was when it was originally left the factory, with no restoration work having been done to it. These were produced by Baur of Germany, which to this day, as IVM Automotive, continues to convert BMWs. MIB - Stands for "Mint in Box." Indicates that a doll is in perfect, like-new condition, and is still housed in its original box, but the box has been opened and the doll may have been removed at some point. Built in small numbers was a Cabriolet.

NRFB - Stands for "Never Removed From Box." Indicates that a doll is undisturbed in its original, un-opened packaging. Unlike Saab and Porsche, companies which also made some of the first turbocharged production cars around this time, BMW has made little use of turbocharging in its gasoline engines since. Modern - Dolls produced after 1972. Power was raised to 170 hp (125 kW) at 5,800 rpm, with 240 Nm (177 ft·lbf) of torque. Vintage - Dolls produced through 1972 are generally considered to be "vintage.". It was the company's first turbocharged production car. Many variations of this original design have been used. The 2002 Turbo (production 1,672) was launched at the 1973 Frankfurt Motor Show.

A waist with a rotational joint, originally introduced in 1967, copyrighted in 1966. The 2002tii had a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph). TNT - "Twist 'N Turn" Waist. With its 1,990 cm³ engine, it produced some 120 bhp (88 kW) in the 2002ti, and 130 bhp (96 kW) in the high-performance 2002tii. Timeless Treasures™ - A Collector Edition line featuring celebrity and character dolls. The 1500 had already begun BMW's reputation for sports sedans, but the 2002 may be considered its ultimate incarnation. The major categories are denoted by numbers:. BMW would not offer a Touring model again until the late 1980s, with the 3 Series.

Early Barbie dolls are organized into five major groups based on various physical characterstics that can be used to determine when a particular doll was manufactured. The Touring was not a full station wagon, and may in modern terms be considered a hatchback. Dolls with this hairstyle are referred to by collectors as the "ponytail" dolls. A three-door model, the 2002 Touring, was also available. Ponytail - Barbie's first hairstyle consisted of a top-knot ponytail with tightly-curled bangs. It was produced from 1968 to 1976. Denotes a doll that is still dressed in the swimsuit it originally came in. The 2002 was the forerunner of the BMW 3 Series.

OSS - Stands for "original swimsuit". It was a two-door sports sedan based on the four-door 1600, and cemented the company's reputation for compact sporting sedans. These dolls generally feature higher-quality materials and construction than non-limited dolls. The 2002 is one of BMW's most famous automobile models. Limited Edition - Collector Edition dolls produced in limited quantities worldwide, which are often available only from specific retailers. 1,922 2000tii cars were built of this final New Class sedan model. Customized - Dolls designed exclusively for specific retail stores are referred to as "customized". Finally, the 2000tii ('touring international, injection') was BMW's first fuel-injected model, featuring a higher-compression 2.0L engine and mechanical fuel injection that later found its way into the 2002tii and other models.

Collector Edition dolls usually come in showcase packaging, with a stand and a certificate of authenticity. In a 1967 test, Road & Track felt that the 2000 sedan was "the best performing 2-liter sedan in today's market and the best handling and best riding as well." The 'tilux produced 135 hp (99 kW) and 123 ft·lbf (167 N·m) gross. Collector Edition - Dolls designed specifically for collectors aged 14 and over. A more luxurious 2000tilux featured the sporty TI engine, a wood dashboard, and optional leather seats. Though not feature length, they are fairly abundant in plot. However the 2000TI retained the '1800' taillights and headlights. In recent years, she has taken the computer animated movie industry by storm, guest appearing in Toy Story 2, and later her own direct-to-video movies, Barbie in the Nutcracker, Barbie as Rapunzel, Barbie of Swan Lake, Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper, Barbie:Fairytopia, and Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus, all of which were accompanied by small product lines, including dolls. A 2000TI model, similar to the 1800TI, was built with twin Solex side-draft carburetors with 120 hp (88 kW).

By the late-1990s, Mattel had moved to featuring her in interactive 3D video games for both gaming consoles and personal computers. A different grille with four individual round headlights, similar to the design that BMW later used in the 2500 sedan, was offered in those markets. In the late 1980s, Barbie had two videos, Barbie and the Rockers and Barbie and the Sensations. The American and English market 2000 sedans could not have the rectangular headlights due to regulations in those countries. This new series showcased Barbie's adventurous exploits. Intended as an upscale version of the 1800, the 2000 featured distinct wide taillights, more extrior trim, and unique rectangular headlights. In the mid-1990s, a new line of novels about Barbie appeared. It was sold from 1966 through 1972.

Books about Barbie first emerged in the 1960s. The "regular" 100 hp (74 kW) 2000 sedan appeared a year after the 2000C. [9]. The front of the coupe was completely changed in 1969 with the introduction of the 2800CS by modeling it after the 2500 and 2800 sedans. While the original Barbie sold for $3.00 in 1959, a mint boxed Barbie from 1959 sold for $3552.50 on eBay in October 2004. The coupe's styling was very controversial due to the design of its front grilles and headlights. Forty-five-percent of them spend upwards of $1000 a year. 'C' versions were available with a manual gearbox or an automatic while 'CS' versions were only available with a manual gearbox.

Ninety-percent are women, at an average age of 40, purchasing more than 20 Barbie dolls each year. Featuring a modern coupe body by Karmann and a luxurious interior, the 100 hp (74 kW) single-carburetor 2000C and 120 hp (88 kW) dual-carburetor 2000CS were sold from 1965 through 1969. Mattel estimates that there are well over 100,000 avid Barbie collectors. A hatchback 1600 Touring model was produced in 1971 and 1972. See also Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story. A limited-production cabriolet was produced by Baur from 1967 through 1971, and a 2-door coupe version, the 1600ti, featured dual carbs and 105 hp (77 kW) for 1967 and 1968. A commercial by automobile company Nissan featured dolls similar to Barbie and Ken driving in a toy car was the subject of another lawsuit on September 18, 1997 [8]. Road & Track was impressed by the 1968 1602 coupe, calling it "a great automobile at the price", which was $2676.

However, it was dismissed by the court as parody on May 15, 1998. Power output was up to 96 hp (71 kW) gross with 91 ft·lbf (123 N·m) of torque. Mattel used this as grounds for a trademark infringement and defamation lawsuit filed on September 11, 1997. The 1600-2 or 1602 appeared in 1966 and was sold through 1975. It contained lyrics such as "You can brush my hair/Undress me everywhere" and used graphics similar to the pink Barbie logo. It replaced that smaller model in 1964 and was produced through 1968. The European pop-dance group Aqua released a song called "Barbie Girl" in 1997. The 1600, introduced in 1964, used the pistons from the 1800 to enlarge the 1500's engine to 1.6 L (1573 cc) and 85 hp (63 kW).

Many artists have referred to Barbie and her accompanying products, either as homage or as parody. The updates included interior changes (a modernized dashboard design and simpler door panels) as well as styling changes to the front grilles. [7]. An automatic transmission option was introduced in 1966 and in 1967 the 1800 was generally updated along with the 2000. She also ran for President after breaking up with Ken. 200 examples of the TI/SA were built. These include astronaut, gymnast, rapper and soldier models. A racing 1800TI/SA was introduced in 1964 with dual Weber DCOE-45 carburetors (along with various engine modifications) with 130 hp (96 kW).

To counter accusations of gender stereotyping, career Barbies have been released. The upgrades included dual Solex PHH side-draft carburetors and higher-compression pistons for 110 hp (81 kW). As of 2005 there are also a "Kelly: Dolls of the World" where Barbies "little sister" and two friends represent different European countries. An 1800TI ('touring international') model featured components developed for the 1800 by the tuning company Alpina. In 2001 The Princess Collection" was issued for instance with dolls named Princess of India, Princess of the Navajo, Princess of the Vikings. The 1800 was the second member of the New Class family, introduced in 1963 with a 90 hp (66 kW) 1.8 L engine. The European countries are highly over-represented but there are also Peruvian, Kenyan, Chinese, Arctic, Japanese and Australian Barbies. It was able to achieve 80 hp (59 kW).

The dolls are dressed in more or less traditional clothes, each representing a nation. It was replaced in 1964 by the 1600, but it was still made available in a few markets where higher capacity engines meant increased taxation. Mattel also released an international collection, the Dolls Of The World, in 1980, with Barbies from different parts of the world. In 1963, the nearly bankrupt BMW was able to pay its first dividend in 20 years due to increased sales thanks to the popularity of the 1500. Most commonly the Hispanic Teresa and African-American Christie appear as Barbie's "ethno-friend" alongside Skipper and occasionally red-head Midge, who has been around since the sixties. Introduced in September 1961 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, the 1500 was produced from 1962 through 1966. Still, these Barbies are exact replicas of the original Barbie, with no individualism other than skin, hair, and eye color. .

Barbies of different nationalities have also been created, including African, Hispanic, Asian and Native American Barbies. Although they shared mechanicals such as engines, gearboxes, and differentials, the four-door New Class models shared little else in terms of parts and design with the two-door models. One of the most publicized responses happened around the turn of the century, as Barbie's waist widened to more natural proportions. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9 coupes, introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. [6]. The '02 series is not part of the New Class. Dr Agnes Nairn said: "When we asked groups of junior school children about Barbie, the doll provoked rejection, hatred and violence." Dr Nairn went on to suggest that older girls rejected Barbie dolls because they were seen as an unwelcome reminder of their childhood. The sedan models (with numbers ending in "0") were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972.

In December 2005 research published by psychologists at Bath University in England suggested that girls often mutilate their Barbie dolls in a variety of ways, including decapitation and placing the doll in a microwave oven. The New Class models featured a fully independent suspension with MacPherson struts in front and front disc brakes. [5]. The four-cyclinder BMW M10 engine used in these cars grew over the years from 1.5 to 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 L with the names changing to reflect this. These dolls are not produced or endorsed by Mattel but are similar in appearance and are dressed in traditional Islamic costumes such as a full length dress and headscarf. The BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans launched with the 1962 1500. Opposition to Barbie dolls in the Middle East has led to the sale of a Barbie-like doll called Fulla. Road & Track Road Test Annual: 31–35..

This resulted in the new modified Barbie saying, "Eat lead, Cobra!" and "Dead men tell no lies." [4]. Two BMWs. A group of parents, feminists and other activists known as the Barbie Liberation Organization bought hundreds of Barbies and GI Joe dolls, and switched their voice circuitry. (1968). One of these 270 phrases was "Math is tough!" Although only about 1.5% of all the dolls sold said the phrase, it caused public outcry over Barbie's representation of women, and the infamous phrase quickly became a common pop culture reference. James T Crow, ed. It spoke a number of phrases such as, "Will we ever have enough clothes?" "I love shopping!" and, "Wanna have a pizza party?" Each doll was programmed to say four out of 270 possible phrases, so chances were good that no two dolls owned by a girl or her friends would be exactly the same. Before producing the 1500 sedan, BMW was one of Germany's smallest automobile manufacturers.

This culminated in 1992 when Mattel released "Teen Talk Barbie", a talking version of the doll. The 2000tii sedan was the first production BMW with fuel injection. Her accessories reflect a lifestyle that is unobtainable for most of the girls who play with her. An 1800TI/SA took first place in the Spa 24 Hours race in 1965. The enormous range of available accessories relating to clothes, hair, make-up, parties and looking pretty give rise to the accusation that Barbie encourages young girls to focus on shallow trivia. Barbie's defenders say that her exaggerated proportions are necessary for her to look natural when wearing clothing.

She would wear size 3 children's shoes, far too small to support her top-heavy frame with size-39 breasts. Barbie would be unable to stand on her feet. These rings crush the collar bone over time to give the appearance of an elongated neck. Long necks are valued in many societies; for example, the Burmese sometimes practice neck enlongation body modification by using neck rings.

1995 Nov;18(3):295-8) to match Barbie's proportions. (Int J Eat Disord. According to research the by Yale Center for Eating and Weight Disorders, a healthy woman would have to have her neck elongated by 3.2 in. [3].

According to research by the University Central Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, she would lack the requisite 17 to 22 percent of body fat required to menstruate. If scaled into real life proportions, she would be 5 feet, 9 inches, (1.75 m) measuring 36-18-33. Barbie's height and exaggerated hourglass figure drew criticism from parents and anorexia nervosa groups. The first African-American Barbie, "Black Barbie," appeared thirteen years later.

The first of Barbie's black friends, "Colored Francie," debuted in 1967, but racial tensions quickly caused this doll to be discontinued. See bimbo. "Barbie" is sometimes used as a derogatory slang term for a person, particularly a girl or woman, who is stupid. In addition, Saudi authorities determined Barbie to be a Jewish doll, as her creator was of Jewish descent.

The Middle Eastern country of Saudi Arabia outlawed the sale of Barbie dolls on September 10, 2003 for not conforming to the ideals of Islam. The criticisms leveled at her are often based around the idea of children considering Barbie a role model and attempting to emulate her. Her popularity ensures that her effect on the play of Western children attracts a high degree of scrutiny. Barbie is often looked upon as an icon of Western childhood.

Among them are Calvin Klein, Donna Karan, Bob Mackie, Nicole Miller, Christian Dior, Escada, Anne Klein, Ralph Lauren, Donatella Versace, Bill Blass and Paul Frank.
Many designers have been given the opportunity to design clothing for Barbie. Many groups say that young girls may set the doll as their model, leading to issues with body image and gender role insercurities later in life. However, recently Barbie's presence in in the life of an American girl has been said to be a negative influence.

Here are some of them:. She has taken up many occupations over the years. Barbie has often been used to promote gender equality as an example that women can "be anything". According to a Mattel press release:.

On August 12, 2004, Barbie announced she was running for the presidency of the United States, as a member of the Party of Girls. Mattel admits that much of the Ken narrative has been shaped by feedback from fans submitted to the Barbie website.[2]. His new look includes a more rugged jaw-line, softer mouth, and a more defined nose, with a wardrobe by celebrity stylist Phillip Broch which includes cargo pants, motorcycle jackets, and fitted suits with peak lapels. Since the break-up, he has traveled the world with stops in Europe and the Middle East, dabbled in Buddhism and learned to cook.

On February 8, 2006, almost two years after the break-up and co-inciding with the opening of the American International Toy Fair, Mattel announced Ken has resurfaced and has caught Barbie's interest again. [1]. He is available in the "Cali Guy" range that accompanies the "Cali Girl" range of Barbie dolls that show Barbie with suntanned skin. For a time, Barbie's new beau was Blaine, a surfer from Sydney, Australia who has just moved to California.

A Mattel press release ended saying "Although their future is yet to be set in "cement," one thing is for certain - Barbie and Ken will always remain the best of friends.". And now they feel it's time to spend some quality time – apart.". "In fact, they just finished wrapping their fourth movie together, 'Barbie™ as The Princess and the Pauper,' which debuts this fall. "Barbie and Ken have always been an extraordinary couple with so much on- and off-screen chemistry" said the pair's business manager, Russell Arons, Vice President Marketing, Mattel.

On February 12, 2004, just days before Valentine's, Mattel spokespeople announced the split of Barbie and Ken after 43 years of dating.
. She also has a pilot's license, and operates commercial airliners, when not serving as a stewardess. Barbie has used her driver's license to the fullest, with pink convertibles, trailers and more.

Barbie has thirty-eight recorded pets, including cats and dogs, horses, a panda, a lion cub, and a zebra. Barbie has been said to attend Willows High School in Willows, Wisconsin and Manhattan International High School in New York City (based on the real-life Stuyvesant High School). Other longstanding friends in Barbie's ethnically diverse social circle include Hispanic Teresa, African-American Christie and Steven (Christie's boyfriend), and the ethnically-ambiguous Kayla. Barbie has dated Ken since 1961, and after a long estrangement was reunited with her best friend Midge in the early nineties.

Additions to the family tree include Skipper (debut 1964), twins Tutti and Todd (1966), Stacie (1992), Kelly (1995), and baby Krissy (1999). She has been given the fuller name Barbara Millicent Roberts, and a family and friends have been manufactured for her, starting with her beau Ken. Barbie's fictional biography has developed as her sales continued. Mattel has claimed that approximately three Barbie dolls are sold every second.

The Barbie doll is a $1.9 billion dollar a year industry. Mattel has adjusted Barbie's proportions in recent years as an answer to current fashion trends, but the present Barbie doll body is still uncharacteristic of most women. Mattel asserts that Barbie's exaggerated proportions are necessary to allow clothes to fit properly on such a small scale, but many have suggested that Barbie's unrealistic proportions may contribute to self-esteem and body image problems in young girls. However, Barbie's exaggerated proportions have always been a point of contention for her detractors.

Ruth Handler stated that she felt it was "important to a little girl's self-esteem to play with a doll that [had] breasts", believing it would allow them role-play and imagine their future lives as adult women. Barbie's wardrobe was designed by esteemed Mattel fashion designer Charlotte Johnson, whose inspiration came from the fashion runways of Paris. The doll was marketed as a "Teen-age Fashion Model", so many fashions were available for her as well. In succeeding years, Barbie dolls were made available with other hair styles and colors.

The dolls were available either as blonds or brunettes. The first Barbie doll wore a black-and-white "zebra-striped" swimsuit and signature topknot ponytail with tightly-curled bangs. (This date is also used as Barbie's official "birthday".). The doll made its debut at the New York International American Toy Fair on March 9, 1959.

A new sculpt was designed (with help from engineer Jack Ryan), the concept was revamped, and the doll was given a new name: Barbie, after Handler's daughter, Barbara. At some point, Mattel acquired the rights to the Lilli doll. The doll was so popular, she was even exported to other countries, including the United States. Although the doll was initially marketed to adult men in bars and tobacco shops, it eventually became popular with children, who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.

The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955. Lilli was a fashionable "society girl" who knew what she wanted and wasn't above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a newspaper comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for die Bild-Zeitung. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel.

The adult-figured Lilli doll was exactly what Handler had had in mind, so she purchased three of them. However, during a trip to Germany with her daughter, Handler discovered a German doll named Lilli in a shop window. Mattel's directors told her that it would be impossible to create such a doll. Realizing that there was a hole in the marketplace, Handler suggested the idea of a three-dimensional adult-bodied doll to her husband, Elliot Handler, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company, but the idea was scoffed at.

At that time, most three-dimensional dolls were made to look like babies or small children; however, Barbara preferred playing with paper dolls that looked like adults. In the 1950s Ruth Handler, "creator" of the Barbie doll, noticed that her daughter, Barbara, preferred to play with dolls that resembled adults rather than babies. . Barbie and her accessories are manufactured to approximately 1/6th scale.

Totally Hair Barbie featured extra-long hair, which reached from her head down to her toes. The highest-selling Barbie doll in Mattel's history, Totally Hair Barbie (known as "Ultra Hair Barbie" outside the US), was released in 1992. The doll is produced by Mattel, inc. Barbie, the world's most famous and best-selling doll, debuted at the American International Toy Fair on March 9, 1959.

The most popular Barbie joke is as follows: A man goes into a shop to buy a Barbie doll for his daughter, looks at the various models on display and asks the shop assistant in a puzzled way: "Why is Divorced Barbie so much more expensive than the other dolls?" "That's easy, sir" replies the shop assistant, "Divorced Barbie comes with Ken's car, Ken's house, Ken's furniture...". Barbie appears briefly in the 1999 movie Toy Story 2 as Tour Guide Barbie and Barbie on Backpack. [15]. In December 1999 a 46-year old man from Taiwan named Chang Hsi-hsum "married" a Barbie doll in a ceremony at his local Buddhist temple, in the belief that it housed the spirit of his former wife Tsai who had killed herself twenty years previously.

Barbie's measurements, if she were life size, are 39-23-33. Several years ago, it was estimated that if every Barbie ever sold were laid end to end, the dolls would circle the world seven times. Barbie doll has lots of famous friends; Mattel has produced many celebrity dolls throughout the years. In The Simpsons, there is a parody of Barbie called Malibu Stacy.

When this gene is absent, the flies form without external genitalia. There is a gene in the Drosophila fruit-fly called the "ken and barbie" gene (abbreviated ken). In Sweden, more Barbie dolls have been sold than the country's current population. See full list of Barbie's careers.

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