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Banshee

The banshee (IPA: /ˈbænʃiː/) is a creature in Gaelic folklore, the word being derived from the Old Irish ben síde, modern Irish bean sídhe or bean sí, "fairy woman" (bean, woman, and sidhe, being the tuiseal ginideach or possessive case of "fairy"). The sídh are derived from pre-Christian Gaelic deities.

When members of the community died, a woman would sing a traditional lament or caoineadh at their funerals. These women singers are sometimes referred to in English as "keener". Traditionally, some great Gaelic families had a fairy woman associated with them, who would make an appearance after a death in the family to sing this lament. Tales recount how, when the family member had died far away then the appearance or, in some tales, the sound of the fairy keener, might be the first intimation of the death.

When these oral narratives were first translated into English, a distinction between the "banshee" and other fairy folk was introduced which does not seem to exist in the original stories in their original (Irish or Scottish) Gaelic forms. Similarly, the funeral lament became a mournful cry or wail by which the death is heralded. In these tales, hearing the banshee's wail came to predict a death in the family and seeing the banshee portends one's own death.

Banshees are frequently dressed in white and often have long, fair hair which they brush with a silver comb, a detail scholar Patricia Lysaght attributes to confusion with local mermaid myths. Other stories portray them as dressed in green or black with a grey cloak.

References

  • Lysaght, Patricia (1986). The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger, Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN 1-57098-138-8.
  • Briggs, Katharine (1976). An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-73467-X.
  • The Banshee by Josh Grant

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Other stories portray them as dressed in green or black with a grey cloak. The 1802, a 2002 with a 1.8L motor as used in the 1800 sedan, was also available. Banshees are frequently dressed in white and often have long, fair hair which they brush with a silver comb, a detail scholar Patricia Lysaght attributes to confusion with local mermaid myths. An economy model of the 2002, the 1502 had a 1.6L engine.  It was sold only in Europe from 1975 through 1977. In these tales, hearing the banshee's wail came to predict a death in the family and seeing the banshee portends one's own death. These were produced by Baur of Germany, which to this day, as IVM Automotive, continues to convert BMWs. Similarly, the funeral lament became a mournful cry or wail by which the death is heralded. Built in small numbers was a Cabriolet.

When these oral narratives were first translated into English, a distinction between the "banshee" and other fairy folk was introduced which does not seem to exist in the original stories in their original (Irish or Scottish) Gaelic forms. Unlike Saab and Porsche, companies which also made some of the first turbocharged production cars around this time, BMW has made little use of turbocharging in its gasoline engines since. Tales recount how, when the family member had died far away then the appearance or, in some tales, the sound of the fairy keener, might be the first intimation of the death. Power was raised to 170 hp (125 kW) at 5,800 rpm, with 240 Nm (177 ft·lbf) of torque. Traditionally, some great Gaelic families had a fairy woman associated with them, who would make an appearance after a death in the family to sing this lament. It was the company's first turbocharged production car. These women singers are sometimes referred to in English as "keener". The 2002 Turbo (production 1,672) was launched at the 1973 Frankfurt Motor Show.

When members of the community died, a woman would sing a traditional lament or caoineadh at their funerals. The 2002tii had a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph). The sídh are derived from pre-Christian Gaelic deities. With its 1,990 cm³ engine, it produced some 120 bhp (88 kW) in the 2002ti, and 130 bhp (96 kW) in the high-performance 2002tii. The banshee (IPA: /ˈbænʃiː/) is a creature in Gaelic folklore, the word being derived from the Old Irish ben síde, modern Irish bean sídhe or bean sí, "fairy woman" (bean, woman, and sidhe, being the tuiseal ginideach or possessive case of "fairy"). The 1500 had already begun BMW's reputation for sports sedans, but the 2002 may be considered its ultimate incarnation. The Banshee by Josh Grant. BMW would not offer a Touring model again until the late 1980s, with the 3 Series.

ISBN 0-394-73467-X.. The Touring was not a full station wagon, and may in modern terms be considered a hatchback. An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Pantheon Books. A three-door model, the 2002 Touring, was also available. Briggs, Katharine (1976). It was produced from 1968 to 1976. ISBN 1-57098-138-8.. The 2002 was the forerunner of the BMW 3 Series.

The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger, Roberts Rinehart Publishers. It was a two-door sports sedan based on the four-door 1600, and cemented the company's reputation for compact sporting sedans. Lysaght, Patricia (1986). The 2002 is one of BMW's most famous automobile models. 1,922 2000tii cars were built of this final New Class sedan model. Finally, the 2000tii ('touring international, injection') was BMW's first fuel-injected model, featuring a higher-compression 2.0L engine and mechanical fuel injection that later found its way into the 2002tii and other models.

In a 1967 test, Road & Track felt that the 2000 sedan was "the best performing 2-liter sedan in today's market and the best handling and best riding as well." The 'tilux produced 135 hp (99 kW) and 123 ft·lbf (167 N·m) gross. A more luxurious 2000tilux featured the sporty TI engine, a wood dashboard, and optional leather seats. However the 2000TI retained the '1800' taillights and headlights. A 2000TI model, similar to the 1800TI, was built with twin Solex side-draft carburetors with 120 hp (88 kW).

A different grille with four individual round headlights, similar to the design that BMW later used in the 2500 sedan, was offered in those markets. The American and English market 2000 sedans could not have the rectangular headlights due to regulations in those countries. Intended as an upscale version of the 1800, the 2000 featured distinct wide taillights, more extrior trim, and unique rectangular headlights. It was sold from 1966 through 1972.

The "regular" 100 hp (74 kW) 2000 sedan appeared a year after the 2000C. The front of the coupe was completely changed in 1969 with the introduction of the 2800CS by modeling it after the 2500 and 2800 sedans. The coupe's styling was very controversial due to the design of its front grilles and headlights. 'C' versions were available with a manual gearbox or an automatic while 'CS' versions were only available with a manual gearbox.

Featuring a modern coupe body by Karmann and a luxurious interior, the 100 hp (74 kW) single-carburetor 2000C and 120 hp (88 kW) dual-carburetor 2000CS were sold from 1965 through 1969. A hatchback 1600 Touring model was produced in 1971 and 1972. A limited-production cabriolet was produced by Baur from 1967 through 1971, and a 2-door coupe version, the 1600ti, featured dual carbs and 105 hp (77 kW) for 1967 and 1968. Road & Track was impressed by the 1968 1602 coupe, calling it "a great automobile at the price", which was $2676.

Power output was up to 96 hp (71 kW) gross with 91 ft·lbf (123 N·m) of torque. The 1600-2 or 1602 appeared in 1966 and was sold through 1975. It replaced that smaller model in 1964 and was produced through 1968. The 1600, introduced in 1964, used the pistons from the 1800 to enlarge the 1500's engine to 1.6 L (1573 cc) and 85 hp (63 kW).

The updates included interior changes (a modernized dashboard design and simpler door panels) as well as styling changes to the front grilles. An automatic transmission option was introduced in 1966 and in 1967 the 1800 was generally updated along with the 2000. 200 examples of the TI/SA were built. A racing 1800TI/SA was introduced in 1964 with dual Weber DCOE-45 carburetors (along with various engine modifications) with 130 hp (96 kW).

The upgrades included dual Solex PHH side-draft carburetors and higher-compression pistons for 110 hp (81 kW). An 1800TI ('touring international') model featured components developed for the 1800 by the tuning company Alpina. The 1800 was the second member of the New Class family, introduced in 1963 with a 90 hp (66 kW) 1.8 L engine. It was able to achieve 80 hp (59 kW).

It was replaced in 1964 by the 1600, but it was still made available in a few markets where higher capacity engines meant increased taxation. In 1963, the nearly bankrupt BMW was able to pay its first dividend in 20 years due to increased sales thanks to the popularity of the 1500. Introduced in September 1961 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, the 1500 was produced from 1962 through 1966. .

Although they shared mechanicals such as engines, gearboxes, and differentials, the four-door New Class models shared little else in terms of parts and design with the two-door models. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9 coupes, introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. The '02 series is not part of the New Class. The sedan models (with numbers ending in "0") were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972.

The New Class models featured a fully independent suspension with MacPherson struts in front and front disc brakes. The four-cyclinder BMW M10 engine used in these cars grew over the years from 1.5 to 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 L with the names changing to reflect this. The BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans launched with the 1962 1500. Road & Track Road Test Annual: 31–35..

Two BMWs. (1968). James T Crow, ed. Before producing the 1500 sedan, BMW was one of Germany's smallest automobile manufacturers.

The 2000tii sedan was the first production BMW with fuel injection. An 1800TI/SA took first place in the Spa 24 Hours race in 1965.