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Banjo

Old 6-string zither banjo 4-string banjos

The banjo is a stringed instrument of African-American origin, early or original examples sometimes being called the "gourd banjo". Its name is commonly thought to be derived from the Kimbundu term mbanza. Some etymologists derive it from a dialectal pronunciation of "bandore", though recent research suggests that it may come from a Senegambian term for the bamboo stick used for the instrument's neck.

The modern banjo comes in a variety of different forms, including four- (plectrum and tenor banjos) and five-string versions. A six-string version, tuned and played similar to a guitar is gaining popularity. In almost all of its forms the banjo's playing is characterised by a fast strumming or arpeggiated right hand, although there are many different playing styles.

The banjo consists of a wooden or metal rim with a plastic (Mylar) or calf or goat skin drumhead stretched across it, a neck mounted on the side of the rim, a tailpiece mounted opposite the neck, four or five strings, and a bridge. The woods used in construction vary, but are often combinations of maple, walnut, and ebony for fingerboards, pegheads, and the tops of bridges. In the five-string banjo, the fifth peg is normally on the side of the neck, although some English versions (the Zither banjo) mount the fifth string tuner on the tuning head with the others, and route the string through a tube in the neck where it exits near the fifth fret.

The earliest banjos were unfretted, like the African and Asian instruments that inspired them, but most banjos today are fretted. Banjo strings are most commonly metal, although nylon and gut can be used on some banjos, especially those played in the classical style. The two most common modern day acoustic banjos are the resonator banjo which has a detachable chamber, or resonator, on the back of the rim and the open back banjo which does not have a resonator. There are also solid body electric banjos; one such banjo, the Crossfire (manufactured by Deering), has two powerful magnetic pickups under the drumhead. A metal footed bridge ensures that pickups draw sound from both the strings and the head.

Five-string banjo

The origins of the five-string banjo can be traced back to Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer. He wanted an instrument similar to the banjar played by African-Americans in the American south, but at the same time, he wanted to implement some new ideas. He worked with a New York drum maker to replace the banjar's skin-covered gourd with the modern open-backed drum-like pot, and added another string to give the instrument more range or a drone. However, a painting done long before Sweeny's suposed invention of the 5th string, shows African American slaves playing a banjo with what looks to be a short, fith string. This new banjo came to be tuned gCGBD; somewhat higher than the eAEG#B tuning of the banjar.

The banjo can be played in several styles and is used in various forms of music. In bluegrass music, which uses the five-string resonator banjo extensively, it is often played in Scruggs style, named after Earl Scruggs, melodic or Keith style, or two-finger style, also called Reno style after Don Reno, legendary father of Don Wayne Reno. In these styles the emphasis is on arpeggiated figures played in a continuous eighth-note rhythm.

American Old-time music typically uses the five-string open back banjo. It is played in a number of different styles, the most common of which are called clawhammer (or "claw-hammer") and frailing, characterised by the use of a downward rather than upward motion when striking the strings with the fingers. Frailing techniques use the thumb to catch the fifth string for a drone after each strum, or to pick out additional melody notes in what is known as 'drop-thumb'. Pete Seeger popularised a folk style by combining clawhammer with "up picking" without the use of finger picks.

Many tunings are used for the five-string banjo. Probably the most common, certainly in bluegrass, is the open G tuning: gDGBd. In earlier times, the tuning gCGBd was commonly used instead. Other tunings common in old-time music include double C (gCGCd), sawmill or mountain minor (gDGCd) also called Modal or Mountain Modal, and open D (f#DF#Ad). These tunings are often taken up a tone, either by tuning up or using a capo.

The fifth (drone) string is the same gauge as the first, but it is five frets shorter, three quarters the length of the rest. This presents special problems for using a capo to change the pitch of the instrument. For small changes (going up or down one or two semitones, for example) it is possible to simply retune the fifth string. Otherwise various devices are available to effectively shorten the string. Many banjo players favour the use of model railroad spikes (usually installed at the seventh fret and sometimes at others), under which the string can be hooked to keep it pressed down on the fret.

Four-string banjo

The plectrum banjo has four strings, lacking the shorter fifth string, and 22 frets; it is usually tuned CGBD. As the name suggests, it is usually played with a guitar-style pick (that is, a single one held between thumb and forefinger), unlike the five-string banjo, which is almost always played with a thumbpick and two fingerpicks, or occasionally with bare fingers. The plectrum banjo evolved out of the five-string banjo to cater for styles of music involving strummed chords. A further development is the tenor banjo, which also has four strings and is typically played with a plectrum too. It has a shorter neck of 19 frets is usually tuned CGDA, like a viola, or GDAE, like a violin (but a fifth lower), and has become quite a standard instrument for Irish traditional music where is mainly used in its shorter 17 frets variant. Eddie Peabody (plectrum) and Harry Reser (tenor and plectrum) are regarded as two of the best four-string banjo players of all times.

Other banjo variants

Stanisław Grzesiuk playing a distinctive 8-string banjo

A number of hybrid instruments exist, crossing the banjo with other stringed instruments. Most of these use the body of a banjo, often with a resonator, and the neck of the other instrument. Examples include the guitar banjo, 'banjitar' or guitjo, the banjo mandolin and the banjo ukulele or banjolele. These were especially popular in the early decades of the twentieth century, and were probably a result of a desire either to allow players of other instruments to jump on the banjo bandwagon at the height of its popularity, or to get the natural amplification benefits of the banjo resonator in an age before electric amplification. Instruments using the five-string banjo neck on a wooden body (for example, that of a bouzouki or resonator guitar) have also been made, though these are not so common.

A 20th-Century Turkish instrument very similar to the banjo is called Cümbüs.


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A 20th-Century Turkish instrument very similar to the banjo is called Cümbüs. Among other purposes, it serves as a stopover city with full services for travelers between Phoenix, AZ and Los Angeles, CA. Instruments using the five-string banjo neck on a wooden body (for example, that of a bouzouki or resonator guitar) have also been made, though these are not so common. Blythe is a small city near the California/Arizona border in the United States. These were especially popular in the early decades of the twentieth century, and were probably a result of a desire either to allow players of other instruments to jump on the banjo bandwagon at the height of its popularity, or to get the natural amplification benefits of the banjo resonator in an age before electric amplification. They are usually first shown by a vector-styled design with variations before it is comfirmed. Examples include the guitar banjo, 'banjitar' or guitjo, the banjo mandolin and the banjo ukulele or banjolele. Takara frequently releases new versions of Blythe.

Most of these use the body of a banjo, often with a resonator, and the neck of the other instrument. In August 2005, Takara announced that they will introduce a new head mold which reportedly will have the highpoints of both Excellent and Superior Blythes. A number of hybrid instruments exist, crossing the banjo with other stringed instruments. The new head mold necessitates that, in order for inner-head customizations to be done, they must be sawn open. Eddie Peabody (plectrum) and Harry Reser (tenor and plectrum) are regarded as two of the best four-string banjo players of all times. New face mold and new sparkly eye chips. It has a shorter neck of 19 frets is usually tuned CGDA, like a viola, or GDAE, like a violin (but a fifth lower), and has become quite a standard instrument for Irish traditional music where is mainly used in its shorter 17 frets variant. SBL (Superior): February 2004-Present.

A further development is the tenor banjo, which also has four strings and is typically played with a plectrum too. Unlike the earlier Licca body, EBL bodies do not have bendable arms, though their legs have three "clicks" at the knee. The plectrum banjo evolved out of the five-string banjo to cater for styles of music involving strummed chords. New body is introduced. As the name suggests, it is usually played with a guitar-style pick (that is, a single one held between thumb and forefinger), unlike the five-string banjo, which is almost always played with a thumbpick and two fingerpicks, or occasionally with bare fingers. EBL (Excellent): June 2002-October 2003. The plectrum banjo has four strings, lacking the shorter fifth string, and 22 frets; it is usually tuned CGBD. Licca body is used, matte face for some models.

Many banjo players favour the use of model railroad spikes (usually installed at the seventh fret and sometimes at others), under which the string can be hooked to keep it pressed down on the fret. BL: June 2001-March 2002. Otherwise various devices are available to effectively shorten the string. For example, the legs do not bend as well as the later releases. For small changes (going up or down one or two semitones, for example) it is possible to simply retune the fifth string. Earlier releases uses the BL body, which has some disadvantages. This presents special problems for using a capo to change the pitch of the instrument. The bodies of blythes varies depending on the time of the release.

The fifth (drone) string is the same gauge as the first, but it is five frets shorter, three quarters the length of the rest. . These tunings are often taken up a tone, either by tuning up or using a capo.
. Other tunings common in old-time music include double C (gCGCd), sawmill or mountain minor (gDGCd) also called Modal or Mountain Modal, and open D (f#DF#Ad). Kenner is now owned by Hasbro. In earlier times, the tuning gCGBd was commonly used instead. She also does not advertise her professional life.

Probably the most common, certainly in bluegrass, is the open G tuning: gDGBd. Unlike Barbie, Blythe does not have a boyfriend. Many tunings are used for the five-string banjo. The measurements of Petit Blythe: 1.77-1.18-16.5 (in inch) or 45-30-42 (in mm). Pete Seeger popularised a folk style by combining clawhammer with "up picking" without the use of finger picks. The measurements of Blythe: 4.17-2.76-3.89 (in inch) or 106-70-99 (in mm). Frailing techniques use the thumb to catch the fifth string for a drone after each strum, or to pick out additional melody notes in what is known as 'drop-thumb'. Newer releases of the Petit Blythe dolls have moveable eyelids and bendable bodies.

It is played in a number of different styles, the most common of which are called clawhammer (or "claw-hammer") and frailing, characterised by the use of a downward rather than upward motion when striking the strings with the fingers. There are two types of Blythe dolls: the 28 cm version and the 11.2 cm "Petit Blythe." Only large dolls have color-changing eyes. American Old-time music typically uses the five-string open back banjo. There is a market network of hobbyist Blythe clothiers, designers, and customizers. In these styles the emphasis is on arpeggiated figures played in a continuous eighth-note rhythm. A vibrant Blythe subculture flourishes on the Internet, predominantly in forums and usergroups. In bluegrass music, which uses the five-string resonator banjo extensively, it is often played in Scruggs style, named after Earl Scruggs, melodic or Keith style, or two-finger style, also called Reno style after Don Reno, legendary father of Don Wayne Reno. One panelist asked if she could take a doll home! In 2004, the Ashton-Drake Galleries began to produce their own Blythe replica dolls in the United States.

The banjo can be played in several styles and is used in various forms of music. In 2003 she was the subject in a segment on the popular VH1 special, I Love the 70s, where she was said to look like either "Barbie with Elephantiasis" or "Christina Ricci" among other things. This new banjo came to be tuned gCGBD; somewhat higher than the eAEG#B tuning of the banjar. Success in Japan led Blythe back to the U.S., where she become a niche product in a marginal market, selling largely to adults. However, a painting done long before Sweeny's suposed invention of the 5th string, shows African American slaves playing a banjo with what looks to be a short, fith string. Blythe was used in a television advertising campaign by the Parco department store in Japan and was an instant hit. He worked with a New York drum maker to replace the banjar's skin-covered gourd with the modern open-backed drum-like pot, and added another string to give the instrument more range or a drone. Later that year, Hasbro (Kenner's successor) gave the rights to make Blythe dolls to Takara of Japan.

He wanted an instrument similar to the banjar played by African-Americans in the American south, but at the same time, he wanted to implement some new ideas. In 2002, Gina published her first book of Blythe photography with Chronicle Books, This is Blythe. The origins of the five-string banjo can be traced back to Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer. Then, in 1999, a chance encounter with CWC's Junko Wong brought Blythe to the attention of Parco and toy executives. . She began taking her Blythe everywhere with her and took hundreds of photos. A metal footed bridge ensures that pickups draw sound from both the strings and the head. In 1997, New York TV and video producer Gina Garan was given a 1972 Kenner Blythe by a friend and began using it to practice her photographic skills.

There are also solid body electric banjos; one such banjo, the Crossfire (manufactured by Deering), has two powerful magnetic pickups under the drumhead. Thirty years after her first release date, Blythe regained popularity. The two most common modern day acoustic banjos are the resonator banjo which has a detachable chamber, or resonator, on the back of the rim and the open back banjo which does not have a resonator. She was not very popular and faded from store shelves quickly. Banjo strings are most commonly metal, although nylon and gut can be used on some banjos, especially those played in the classical style. (produced in Hong Kong), during 1972. The earliest banjos were unfretted, like the African and Asian instruments that inspired them, but most banjos today are fretted. Blythe dolls were only sold for one year in the U.S.

In the five-string banjo, the fifth peg is normally on the side of the neck, although some English versions (the Zither banjo) mount the fifth string tuner on the tuning head with the others, and route the string through a tube in the neck where it exits near the fifth fret. Her most unique and notable feature were blinkable eyes that changed color with the pull of a string attached to the back of her head. The woods used in construction vary, but are often combinations of maple, walnut, and ebony for fingerboards, pegheads, and the tops of bridges. Reportedly, she was modeled after drawings by Margaret Keane, similarly to many other dolls of the '60s and '70s. The banjo consists of a wooden or metal rim with a plastic (Mylar) or calf or goat skin drumhead stretched across it, a neck mounted on the side of the rim, a tailpiece mounted opposite the neck, four or five strings, and a bridge. Blythe is a doll created in 1972 by the now-defunct American toy company Kenner. In almost all of its forms the banjo's playing is characterised by a fast strumming or arpeggiated right hand, although there are many different playing styles. una.

A six-string version, tuned and played similar to a guitar is gaining popularity. susie sad eyes. The modern banjo comes in a variety of different forms, including four- (plectrum and tenor banjos) and five-string versions. little miss no name. Some etymologists derive it from a dialectal pronunciation of "bandore", though recent research suggests that it may come from a Senegambian term for the bamboo stick used for the instrument's neck. sekiguchi coco. Its name is commonly thought to be derived from the Kimbundu term mbanza. pullip.

The banjo is a stringed instrument of African-American origin, early or original examples sometimes being called the "gourd banjo". Darling Blythe. Blythe on Beauty. Hello Blythe! Addresses. Hello Blythe! Journal.

Dear Blythe 2: Love, Gina. Dear Blythe : Love, Gina. Blythe Style. This is Blythe.

P-PBL 03 Mondrian (new eye and body). P-PBL 02 Rosie Red (new eye and body). P-PBL 01 Hollywood (new eye and body). KPBL-6 Fluffy Cuddly Bed Time.

KPBL05 Piyo Piyo Messenger. KPBL03 Poseidon's Treasure. KPBL02 Bear Hug. KPBL01 Feline Fancy.

CWC Limited Mono Comme Ca. CWC Limited Mitten. CWC Limited Milk. CWC Limited Princess Tutuphant.

CWC Limited Hohoho. CWC Limited Bubbly Blue Bunny. CWC Limited Happy Everyday. CWC Limited Velvet Minuet.

CWC Limited Fairy Girl. CWC Limited Piccadilly Dolly. CWC Limited Honey Bunny. 4th anniversary Princess Cinema.

3rd anniversary Art Attack. 2nd anniversary Nike. PBL TRU EX A Go Go. PBL TRU EX Birdie Blue.

PBL TRU EX 03 Fancy Pancy. PBL TRU EX 02 Cherry Berry. PBL TRU EX 01 Dottie Dot. PBL-50 Tokyo Toddler.

PBL-49 Mamalade Heart. PBL-48 Butter Cake Afternoon. PBL-47 Kingyo Bijin. PBL-45 Forest Clover.

PBL-46 Please Plie. PBL-44 Cassandra Black. PBL-43 Groovy Groove. PBL-42 First Plum.

PBL-41 I Love You It's True. PBL40 Spirit and Spice. PBL39 Cutie March. PBL38 Orange Munchin.

PBL37 Classy Classmate. PBL36 Mademoiselle Rosebud. PBL35 Sunset Surfer. PBL34 Caribbean Jewel.

PBL33 Something Blue. PBL32 Sailing Sailing. PBL31 Rainy Day. PBL30 Romantic Western.

PBL29 Plum Blossom. PBL28 Tea for Two. PBL27 Kitchen Queen. PBL26 Pow Wow Poncho.

PBL25 Skate Date. PBL24 Midnight Hour. PBL23 Pinky Doodle Poodle. PBL22 Totally Tartan.

PBL21 Aztec Arrival Inspired. PBL20 Sewing My Way - blue. PBL19 Sewing My Way - pink. PBL18 Cinnamon Girl.

PBL17 Aloha Spirit. PBL16 Hollywood. PBL15 All Gold. PBL14 Weekend Artist.

PBL13 Pajama Party. PBL12 Snow Wonder. PBL11 Rouge Noir. PBL10 Asian Butterfly.

PBL09 Paisley Star. PBL07&8 Bohemian Beat. PBL06 Sunday Besy. PBL05 Cosmo Afternoon.

PBL04 Mondrian. PBL03 Rosie. PBL02 Hollywood. PBL01 Kozy Cape.

Merry Skier - MS. White Magic Night - WMN. White Magic Afternoon - WMA. White Magic Morning(Limited) - WMM.

Rendez-yous Chouchou(Limited) - RCC. Samedi Marche Encore - SME. Asian Butterfly Encore - ABE. Tommy February 6 Blythe (Limited) - FEB.

Good Neighbor Cafe - GNC. Roxy Blythe (Limited) - Roxy. Cinema Princess - CP. Candy Carnival - CC.

V-Smash - VSmash, VS. Margaret Meets Ladybug (Limited) - MML. Inspired by Pinafore Purple - PP. Tweedly Do - TD.

Lil' Heart aka Milk Blythe (Limited) - Milk. Mittens Blythe (Limited) - Mitten. Groovy Groove - GG. Samedi Marche - SM.

Mademoiselle Rosebud -MRB. Birdie Blue - BB. Paradis by Mono Comme Ca (Limited) -MCC. Art Attack (Limited) - AA.

French Trench - FT. Lounging Lovely - LL. Happy Every Day Over The Stripes (Limited) - OTS. Sunday Very Best - SVB.

I Love You Its True - IOU. Silver Snow - SS. Velvet Minuet - VM. Very Inspired by Pow Wow Poncho - PWP.

Superior Skate Date - SSD. Very Cherry Berry - VCB. Fruit Punch - FP. Nike Blythe (limited) - Nike.

Bohemian Beats Again - BBA. Love Mission - LM. Disco Boogie - DB. Fancy Pansy - FP.

Tea For Two - T42. Cinnamon Girl - CG. Cherry Berry - CB. Excellent Hollywood -.

Rouge Noir - RN. Skate Date - SD. Piccadilly Dolly - Picca. Asian Butterfly - AB.

Bohemian Beat - BB. Miss Anniversary (Limited) - Miss A. Dotty Dot - DD. Sunday Best - SB.

Aztec Arrival Inspired - Aztec. Kozy Kape Inspired - Kozy(matte face). All Gold In One - Goldie (matte face). Rosey Red - Rosy (matte face).

Aztec Arrival - Aztec. Hollywood - Hollywood. Mondrian - YSL. Parco (Limited) - Parco (short/abbrv).