Caesar Augustus

His memory was enshrined in the political ethos of the Imperial age as a paradigm of the good emperor; although every emperor adopted his name, Caesar Augustus, only a handful earned genuine comparison with him (Fagan). He died in 1947 of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 83 in Fair Lane, his Dearborn estate, and is buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. Augustus's ultimate legacy, however, was the peace and prosperity the empire was to enjoy for the next two centuries under the system he initiated. In ill health, he ceded the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II on September 21, 1945, and went into retirement. He directed the future of the empire down many lasting paths, from the existence of a standing professional army stationed at or near the frontiers, to the dynastic principle so often employed in the imperial succession, to the embellishment of the capital at the emperor's expense. Edsel's 1943 death brought Henry Ford out of retirement. Augustus's own experience, his patience, his tact, and his great political acumen also played their part. Ford suffered an initial stroke in 1938, after which he turned over the running of his company to Edsel.

The attrition of the civil wars on the old Republican oligarchy and the longevity of Augustus, therefore, must be seen as major contributing factors in the transformation of the Roman state into a monarchy in these years. The foundation no longer has any association with the Ford Motor Company, nor with the family or descendants of Henry Ford. Had Augustus died earlier (in 23 BC, for instance), matters may have turned out very differently. The Foundation has grown immensely and, by 1950, had become national and international in scope.[2]. People had been born and reached middle age without knowing any form of government other than the Principate. Henry Ford, with his son Edsel, founded the Ford Foundation in 1936 as a local philanthropic organization with a broad charter to promote human welfare. In looking back on the reign of Augustus and its legacy to the Roman world, its longevity ought not to be overlooked as a key factor in its success. His knowledge of the Ontario town of the same name is believed to have led to the renaming of the Georgia town, formerly known as Ways Station.

The month of August (Latin Augustus) is named after Augustus; until his time it was called Sextilis. He contributed substantially to the community, building a chapel and schoolhouse and employing a large number of local residents. Nevertheless, his legacy has proved more enduring. Ford also maintained a vacation residence (known as the "Ford Plantation") in Richmond Hill, Georgia. He was handsome, intelligent, decisive, and a very shrewd politician, but he was not perhaps as charismatic as the earlier Caesar or his rival Antony; as a result, Augustus is not as renowned as either man, and is often confused with Julius Caesar. (The airfield was across the street and is now the site of a Ford Motor Company test track.) He heavily sponsored the Stout Metal Airplane Company, which developed the Ford Tri-Motor, an early airliner. Many consider Augustus as Rome's greatest emperor; his policies certainly extended the empire's life span and initiated the celebrated "Pax Romana" or "Pax Augusta". Ford was an early promoter of aviation, building the Dearborn Inn as the first airport hotel.

Augustus' mausoleum also originally contained bronze pillars inscribed with a record of his life, the Res Gestae Divi Augusti. Lloyd Shaw. Consequently we have many excellent statues and busts of the first, and in some ways the greatest, of the Emperors. Which he shared with his friend Dr. The cult of the Divine Augustus continued until Constantine the Great converted the State Religion of the Empire to Christianity in the 4th century. Ford also had an interest in American folk music and frequently sponsored square dances, one of his particular interests. Augustus was deified soon after his death, and both his borrowed surname, Caesar, and his title, Augustus, became the permanent titles of the rulers of Rome for the next 400 years, and were still in use at Constantinople fourteen centuries after his death, (and the derived titles "Kaiser" and "Tsar" would be used until the early part of the 20th century). It was opened in 1929 as the Edison Institute and, although greatly modernized, remains open today.

Who ordered his death is unknown, but the way was clear for Tiberius to assume the same powers that his stepfather had. About the same time, he began collecting materials for his museum, which had a theme of practical technology. However, Postumus had been banished, and was put to death around the same time. It may have inspired the creation of Old Sturbridge Village as well. Postumus Agrippa and Tiberius had been named co-heirs. This plan never saw fruition, but Ford repeated it with the creation of Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan. On August 19, AD 14, Augustus died. He moved the schoolhouse from the Mary had a little lamb nursery rhyme from Sterling, Massachusetts and purchased the historical Wayside Inn.

After the early deaths of both Gaius and Lucius in AD 4 and AD 2 respectively, and the earlier death of his brother Drusus (9 BC), Tiberius was recalled to Rome, where he was adopted by Augustus. In the 1920s, Ford began work to turn Sudbury, Massachusetts into an Americana-themed historical village. Tiberius shared in Augustus' tribune powers, but shortly thereafter went into retirement. Ford had an interest in what today would be known as "Americana". After Agrippa died in 12 BC, Livia's son Tiberius divorced his own wife and married Agrippa's widow. [Detroit News, July 31, 1938.]. Augustus also showed favor to his stepsons, Livia's children from her first marriage, Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus and Tiberius Claudius, after they had conquered a large portion of Germany. The decoration was given "in recognition of [Ford's] pioneering in making motor cars available for the masses." The award was accompanied by a personal congratulatory message from Adolf Hitler.

Augustus' intent to make the first two children his heirs was apparent when he adopted them as his own children. Ford was the first American and the fourth person given this award, at the time Nazi Germany's highest honorary award given to foreigners. This union produced five children, three sons and two daughters: Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Vipsania Julia, Agrippina the Elder, and Postumus Agrippa, so named because he was born after Marcus Agrippa died. In July of that year, Ford was awarded (and accepted) the Grand Cross of the Order of the German Eagle (Großkreuz des Deutschen Adlerordens). After the death of Marcellus, Augustus married his daughter to his right hand man, Marcus Agrippa. In 1938, for instance, it opened an assembly plant in Berlin, the purpose of which was to supply trucks to the Wehrmacht. Reports of later historians that this poisoning, and other later deaths, were caused by Augustus' wife Livia Drusilla are inconclusive at best. Ford's indirect financial backing of the Nazis was also undeniable, as Ford Motor Company was active in Germany's military buildup prior to World War II.

However, Marcellus died of food poisoning in 23 BC. Regardless of whether direct financial support was provided, Ford repeatedly voiced his overt approval of Hitler's theories. At first, indications pointed toward his sister's son Marcellus, who had been married to Augustus' daughter Julia Caesaris. However, a 1933 Congressional investigation into the matter was unable to substantiate whether contributions were actually sent. Augustus' control of power throughout the Empire was so absolute that it allowed him to name his successor, a custom that had been abandoned and derided in Rome since the foundation of the Republic. in the 1920s, and Winifred Wagner, daughter-in-law of Richard Wagner, who said they requested funds from Ford to aid the National Socialist movement in Germany. The only question was who would succeed him as sole ruler. This can in part be traced to statements from Kurt Ludecke, Germany's representative to the U.S.

However, by the time Augustus died, it was impossible to imagine a return to the old system. There is also some evidence that Henry Ford gave Adolf Hitler direct financial backing when Hitler was first starting out in politics. His use of games and special events to celebrate himself and his family cemented his popularity. Henry Ford spent years bestowing gushing praise on Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime, although this praise abated as the United States entered WWII. (Ovid was banished from Rome for violating Augustus's morality codes.) He eventually won over most of the Roman intellectual class, although many still pined in private for the Republic. His writings continue to be used as propaganda by various groups, often appearing on anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi websites. Horace, Livy, Ovid, and Vergil flourished under his protection, but in return, they had to pay due tribute to his genius and adhere to his standards. Some claim that Ford neither wrote nor signed this letter and have questioned the sincerity of his apology.

A patron of the arts, Augustus showered favors on poets, artists, sculptors, and architects, and his reign is considered the Golden Age of Roman literature. On January 7, 1942, Henry Ford wrote a public letter to the ADL denouncing hatred against the Jews and expressing his hope that anti-Jewish hatred would cease for all time. It was largely unsuccessful (indeed, his own daughter was banished and subsequently perished due to it). He later retracted the International Jew and the Protocols. Augustus also launched a morality crusade, promoting marriage, family, and childbirth while discouraging luxury, "interbreeding", unrestrained sex (including prostitution and homosexuality), and adultery. Lawsuits in response to anti-Semitic remarks led Ford to close the Dearborn Independent in December 1927. He sponsored Vergil's Aeneid in the hopes that it would increase pride in Roman heritage. None of this work was actually penned by Ford, though they required his tacit approval since he was the paper's publisher.

Augustus also strongly supported worship of Roman gods, especially Apollo, and depicted Roman defeat of Egypt as Roman gods defeating Egypt's. Denounced by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the articles nevertheless explicitly condemned pogroms and violence against Jews (Volume 4, Chapter 80), preferring to blame incidents of mass violence on the Jews themselves. Augustus settled retired soldiers on the land in an effort to revive agriculture, but the capital remained dependent on grain imports from Egypt. The Independent also published, in Ford's name, several anti-Jewish articles which were released in the early 1920s as a set of four bound volumes, cumulatively titled "The International Jew, the World's Foremost Problem." These volumes were distributed through Ford's car dealerships. The reign of Augustus is thus seen in some ways as the high point of Rome's power and prosperity. The American Jewish Historical Society describes the ideas presented in it as "anti-immigrant, anti-labor, anti-liquor, and anti-Semitic". Once the Empire stopped expanding, and had no more loot coming in from conquests, its economy began to stagnate and eventually decline. The paper ran for eight years, during which it republished "Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion," which has since been discredited by virtually all historians as a forgery.

Like all the Emperors, he over-taxed agriculture and spent the revenue on armies, temples, and games. Henry Ford began publication of a newspaper, The Dearborn Independent, in 1919. Roman rulers understood little about economics, and Augustus was no exception. Under pressure from Edsel and his wife, Clara, Henry Ford finally agreed to collective bargaining at Ford plants, and the first contract with the UAW was signed in June 1941. Augustus also founded the world's first fire brigade, and created a regular police force for Rome. A sit-down strike by the UAW union on April 2, 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant. He founded a ministry of transport, which built an extensive network of roads - enabling improved communication, trade, and mail. Ford was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the United Auto Workers union (UAW).

It is recorded that he built both the Capitoline Temple and the Theater of Pompey without putting his name on them. The most famous incident, in 1937, was a bloody brawl between company security men and organizers that became known as The Battle of the Overpass. He also built a shrine near the Circus Maximus. Bennett employed various intimidation tactics to squash union organizing. He built the Senate a new home, the Curia, and built temples to Apollo and to the Divine Julius. To forestall union activity, he promoted Harry Bennett, a former Navy boxer, to be the head of the Service Department. He famously boasted that he "found Rome brick and left it marble". Conversely, Ford was adamantly against labor unions in his plants.

In domestic matters, Augustus channeled the enormous wealth brought in from the Empire to keeping the army happy with generous payments, and keeping the Romans happy by beautifying the capital and staging magnificent games. The "short week," as Ford called it in a contemporary interview, was required so that the country could "absorb its production and stay prosperous.". He left the Parthian Empire alone. In granting workers an extra day off, Ford ensured leisure time for the working class. In the east, he satisfied himself with establishing Roman control over Armenia and the Transcaucasus. In 1926, Ford instituted the five-day, forty-hour work-week, effectively inventing the modern weekend. Thereafter he accepted the Rhine as the Empire's permanent border. Even with these requirements a large percentage of workers were able to qualify for the profit sharing.

Further west, an attempt to advance into Germany ended in defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9. The company established a Sociological Department complete with 150 investigators and support staff in order to verify this last point. Rome's borders were advanced to the natural frontier of the Danube, and the province of Galatia was occupied. The wage was offered to men over the age of 22, who had worked at the company for 6 months or more, and, importantly, conducted their lives in a manner of which Ford approved. After Gallic raids, the Alpine territories were conquered. Ford labeled the increased compensation as profit sharing rather than wages. A war in the mountains of northern Spain from 26 BC to 19 BC finally resulted in that territory's conquest. The program called for a reduction in length of the workday from 9 to 8 hours and a raise in minimum daily pay from $2.34 to $5 for qualifying workers.

Augustus waged no major wars. On January 5, 1914 Ford announced his five-dollar a day program. He also reformed Rome's finance and tax systems. Henry Ford had very specific thoughts on relations with his employees. A special unit, the Praetorian Guard, garrisoned Rome and protected the Emperor's person. By 1945 Henry Ford's senility was quite evident, and his wife and daughter-in-law forced his resignation in favor of his grandson, Henry Ford II. He created Rome's first permanent army and navy and stationed the legions along the Empire's borders, where they could not meddle in politics. Roosevelt considered a federal bailout for Ford Motor Company so that wartime production could continue.

In exchange for near absolute power, he gave Rome 40 years of civic peace and increasing prosperity, celebrated in history as the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace. President Franklin D. Having gained power by means of great audacity, Augustus ruled with great prudence. The company saw hard times during the next two years, losing $10 million a month. After the death of Lepidus in 13 BC he added the title of pontifex maximus. Henry Ford II was released from the navy and became an executive vice president, while Harry Bennett had a seat on the board and was responsible for personnel, labor relations, and public relations. He more typically used a civilian title, however, Princeps, or "First Citizen". The issue was settled for a period when Henry himself, at the age of 79, took over the presidency personally.

23 BC is the date on which Augustus is usually said to have assumed the mantle of Emperor of Rome. Edsel's widow Eleanor, who had inherited Edsel's voting stock, wanted her son Henry Ford II to take over the position. Second, he received new authority in the form of an "Imperial" power (imperium proconsulare maius, or power greater than any governor), which gave him supreme authority in all matters pertaining to territorial governance. Henry Ford advocated Harry Bennett to take the spot. Since the tribuneship was an office traditionally associated with the common people, this consolidated his power further. On May 26, 1943, Edsel Ford died, leaving a vacancy in the company presidency. First, he was granted the power of a tribune (tribunicia potestas), which allowed him to convene the Senate at will and lay business before it. The design never caught on.

In 23 BC, he renounced this office in favor of two other powers. Furthermore, it ran on grain alcohol (ethanol) instead of gasoline. Augustus knew that the power he needed to rule absolutely could not be derived from his Consulship, however. It weighed 30% less than a standard car of the same size, and was said to be able to withstand blows ten times greater than could steel. How free a hand the Senate had in these transactions, and what backroom deals were made, remain unknown. This project culminated in 1942, when on January 13 Ford patented an automobile made almost entirely of plastic, attached to a tubular welded frame. Both Antony and Octavian had purged the Senate of suspect elements and planted it with their loyal partisans. Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc.

These actions were highly abnormal from the Roman Senate, but this was not the same body of patricians that had murdered Caesar. Henry Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans. Additionally, the harsh methods employed in consolidating his control meant that the change in name would also serve to separate his benign reign as emperor from his reign of terror as Octavian. During the thirties, Ford also overcame his objection to finance companies, and the Ford-owned Universal Credit Company became a major car financing operation. In the mindset of contemporary religious beliefs, it would have cleverly symbolized a stamp of authority over humanity that went beyond any constitutional definition of his status. Subsequently, the company adopted an annual model change system similar to that in use by automakers today. The title was associated with a religious ring in antiquity and is believed to be derived from auctoritas and the practises of augurs. The result was the highly successful Ford Model A, introduced December, 1927 and produced through 1931, with a total output of over four million automobiles.

Shortly thereafter, the Senate gave him the name "Augustus". Edsel also managed to prevail over his father's initial objections in the inclusion of a sliding-shift transmission. Not only did the Senate turn him down, he was also given control of Hispania, Gaul, and Syria – the provinces with the greatest number of troops. The elder Ford pursued the project with a great deal of technical expertise in design of the engine, chassis, and other mechanical necessities, while leaving it to his son to develop the body design. In 27 BC, he officially returned power to the Senate of Rome, and offered to relinquish his own military supremacy and hegemony over Egypt. By 1926, flagging sales of the Model T convinced Henry of what Edsel had been suggesting for some time: a new model was necessary. Octavian was chosen for the powerful position of consul, the highest executive office of the Republic. Half of these were Ford Model Ts.

First, he disbanded his armies, and held elections. By 1928 there were about 30 million cars world wide. Octavian was clever. Henry Ford's assembly line was so unique that it turned the Ford Motor Company into a Giant, (and became a tool for every other industry that creates merchandise in the assembly line, of course the assembly line does not use people anymore, but uses robots) while the other car companies were still stuck with the technologies of the earlier days. Moreover, Rome was not prepared to accept the control of a despot. But that's what made it unique. After Actium, Octavian had his work cut out for him; years of civil war had left Rome in a state of near-lawlessness. One screw held 10 or 20 parts.

Cleopatra also commited suicide after her coming role in Octavian's triumph was "carefully explained to her" and Caesarion, the son of Julius Ceasar by Cleopatra, was "butchered without compunction".^[3]. The Model T was a very simple car, as simple as it could be made. He pursued them there, and after another defeat, Antony commited suicide. For the first time everyone could own a car, the downside was that every Model T produced after 1913, (the year the assembly line was created) was painted black because the paint dried a lot faster than any other color. Octavian defeated his rivals, who then fled to Egypt. The cars sales triggered the modern era of vehicles. It was quickly decided: in the bay of Actium on the western coast of Greece, the fleets met in a great battle in which many ships burned and thousands on both sides lost their lives. The Model T's key to success was the fact that it had been made in the assembly line, which allowed for many different cars to be made consecutively, identically and much faster than other hand made vehicles.

The situation grew more and more tense, and finally, in 32 BC, Octavian declared war. Despite urgings from Edsel, Henry steadfastly refused to incorporate new features into the Model T or to form a customer credit plan. Antony occupied himself with military campaigns in the east and a romantic affair with Cleopatra; Octavian built a network of allies in Rome, consolidated his power, and spread propaganda implying that Antony was becoming less than Roman because of his preoccupation with Egyptian affairs and traditions. Other auto makers offered payment plans through which consumers could buy their cars, which usually included more modern mechanical features and styling not available with the Model T. The Roman dominions were then divided between Octavian in the west and Antony in the east. By the mid 1920's, sales of the Model T began to decline due to rising competition. Octavian then returned to Rome, while Antony went to Egypt, where he allied himself with Queen Cleopatra, the ex-lover of Julius Caesar and mother of Caesar's infant son Caesarion. The company remained privately held by the family until 1956, when the family allowed a public offering of a portion of the company without ceding control.

At Philippi in Macedonia the Caesarian army was victorious and Brutus and Cassius committed suicide (42 BC). Also at this time, Henry and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from other investors, thus becoming sole owners of the company. Antony and Octavian then marched against Brutus and Cassius, who had fled to the east. On January 1, 1919, after unsuccessfully seeking a seat in the United States Senate, [1] Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company over to his son Edsel, although still maintaining a firm hand in its management—few company decisions under Edsel's presidency were made without approval by Henry, and those few that were, Henry often reversed. This went beyond a simply purge of those allied with the assassins and so the main motive was probably to raise money to pay their troops.^[2]. Ford said, "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black." (See References at bottom). The three formed a junta called the Second Triumvirate which unlike the First Triumvate was a grant of special powers lasting five years and backed by a law.^[1] They then set in motion the proscriptions in which 300 senators and 2000 Equites were deprived of their property and, for those who failed to escape, their lives. This was a record which would stand for the next 45 years.

After a tense standoff, he formed an uneasy alliance with Marcus Antonius and Marcus Lepidus, Caesar's principal colleagues. The design, fervently promoted and defended by Henry Ford, would continue through 1927 (well after its popularity had faded), with a final total production of fifteen million vehicles. At Rome, he found Caesar's republican assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius, in control. By 1918, half of all cars in America were Model Ts. He crossed over to Italy and recruited an army from among Caesar's veterans. Wills. However, he culled support by emphasizing his status as heir to Caesar and took the name Gaius Julius Caesar (probably omitting the customary Octavianus; he is called "Octavian" by historians nonetheless). Sorensen, and C.H.

At the time, he was only eighteen years old, and was consistently underestimated by his rivals for power. "Ed" Martin, Charles E. When Caesar was assassinated in March 44 BC, his young heir was with the army at Apollonia, in what is now Albania. Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from employees Clarence Avery, P.E. Julius Caesar Octavianus (hereafter "Octavian"). It was in this year that Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production. By virtue of his adoption, following Roman custom, Octavius then assumed the name C. Racing was, by 1913, no longer necessary from a publicity standpoint because the Model T was already famous and ubiquitous on American roads.

The Roman historian Suetonius described Antony's accusation of an affair with Octavianus as political slander. Ford dropped out of the race, and soon thereafter dropped out of racing permanently, citing dissatisfaction with the sport's rules and the demands on his time by the now-booming production of the Model Ts. Mark Antony charged that Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favors. In 1913, Ford attempted to enter a reworked Model T in the Indianapolis 500, but was told rules required the addition of another 1,000 pounds (450 kg) to the car before it could qualify. In 46 BC Caesar, who had no legitimate children, took his grand-nephew soldiering in Hispania, and adopted him by testament as his heir (see also adoption in Rome). From 1909 to 1913, Ford entered stripped-down Model Ts in races, finishing first (although later disqualified) in an "ocean-to-ocean" (across the USA) race in 1909, and setting a one-mile oval speed record at Detroit Fairgrounds in 1911 with driver Frank Kulick. More importantly, his mother Atia was the niece of Rome's greatest general and de facto ruler, Julius Caesar. In 1908, the Ford company released the Model T.

His father, also Gaius Octavius, came from a respectable but undistinguished family of the equestrian order and was governor of Macedonia before his death in 58 BC. Henry Ford was also one of the early backers of the Indianapolis 500. Augustus was born at Rome with the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus. Convinced by this success, the famous race driver Barney Oldfield, who named this new Ford model "999" in honor of a racing locomotive of the day, took the car around the country and thereby made the Ford brand known throughout the U.S. . Clair in 39.4 seconds, which was a new land speed record. He is generally known to historians by the title "Augustus" (revered one), which he acquired in 27 BC and as "Octavian" before then. In a newly-designed car, Ford drove an exhibition in which the car covered the distance of a mile on the ice of Lake St.

He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome an era of peace, prosperity, and imperial greatness. Henry Ford, with eleven other investors and $28,000 in capital, incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Although he preserved the outward form of the Roman Republic, he ruled as an autocrat for more than 40 years. Leland in 1902, and the company was reorganized as Cadillac. Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, was the first Roman Emperor and is traditionally considered the greatest. Ford was forced out of the company by the investors, including Henry M. ^  Alexander to Actium: Peter Green pp 697. During this period, he personally drove his Quadricycle to victory in a race against Alexander Winton, a well-known driver and the heavy favorite on October 10, 1901.

^  From the Gracchi to Nero: HH Scullard p164. With his interest in race cars, he formed a second company, the Henry Ford Company. ^  From the Gracchi to Nero: HH Scullard p163. Ford raced his vehicles against those of other manufacturers to show the superiority of his designs. The Detroit Automobile Company went bankrupt soon afterward because Ford continued to improve the design, instead of selling cars. After this initial success, Ford left Edison Illuminating and, with other investors, formed the Detroit Automobile Company.

These experiments culminated in 1896 with the completion of his own self-propelled vehicle named the Quadricycle, which he test-drove on June 4 of that year. In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company, and after his promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. Upon his marriage to Clara Bryant in 1888 Ford supported himself by farming and running a sawmill. This led to his being hired by Westinghouse company to service their steam engines.

In 1882, he returned to Dearborn to work on the family farm and became adept at operating the Westinghouse portable steam engine. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1879, he left home for the nearby city of Detroit to work as an apprentice machinist, first with James F. At 13, he saw a self-propelled vehicle, a steam powered thresher, for the first time.

As a child, Henry was passionate about mechanics, preferring to tinker in his father's shop over doing farm chores. He was the eldest of six children. Ford was born on a prosperous farm in Springwells Township (now in the city of Dearborn, Michigan) owned by his parents, William and Mary Ford, immigrants from County Cork, Ireland. .

This achievement not only revolutionized industrial production in the United States and the rest of the world, but also had such tremendous influence over modern culture that many social theorists identify this phase of economic and social history as "Fordism.". He was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles. Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and is credited with contributing to the creation of a middle class in American society. Here, the Jew is a threat." - 1920.

I believe that in all these countries except our own the Jewish financier is supreme.. They are what is called the International Jew -- German Jews, French Jews, English Jews, American Jews. "The international financiers are behind all war. We want to live in the present, and the only history that is worth a tinker's damn is the history we make today." - 1916.

We don't want tradition. It's tradition. "History is more or less bunk.