Around the World in Eighty Days

The book has been adapted many times for feature films and television.
. There have since been sundry expeditions that emulate Fogg's, fictional, circumnavigation, often within self-imposed constraints. There are also many temples dedicated to him which have been used for Confucianist ceremonies. Verne's articulation of the challenge proved seminal. In China, there are many temples where one can find representations of Buddha, Lao Zi and Confucius together. Thus ends the journey around the world, which made Phileas Fogg not only a little richer but also the happiest man. It is still a major destination for cultural tourism, and many Chinese people visit his grave and the surrounding temples.

Passepartout hurries back to Fogg, who immediately sets off for the Reform Club, where he arrives just in time to claim the wager won. Soon after Confucius' death, Qufu, his hometown, became a place of devotion and remembrance. At the reverend's, Passepartout learns that he is mistaken in the date, which he takes to be Sunday but which actually is Saturday due to the fact that the party traveled in Eastern direction, thereby gaining a full day on a journey around the globe, by crossing the International Date Line. The Kongs are related by marriage to a number of prominent Confucian families, among them that of the Song dynasty prime minister and martyr Wen Tianxiang 文天祥. Aouda suddenly confesses that she loves him and asks him to marry her, which he gladly accepts. He calls for Passepartout to notify the reverend. One of the most common titles is Duke Yansheng (衍聖公 Yǎnshèng gōng), which means "overflowing with sainthood." The latest descendant is K'ung Te-ch'eng (孔德成 Kǒng Déchéng) (born 1920), who is of the 77th generation and a professor at National Taiwan University; he married Sun Qifang, the great-granddaughter of the Qing dynasty scholar-official and first president of Beijing University Sun Jianai, whose Shouxian, Anhui, family created one of the first business combines in modern-day China that included the largest flour mill in Asia, the Fou Foong Flour Company 福豐麵粉廠. In his London house the next day, he apologizes to Aouda for bringing her with him, since he now has to live in poverty and cannot financially support her. They were honored with the rank of a marquis thirty-five times since Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and they were promoted to the rank of duke forty-two times from the Tang Dynasty to 1935.

However, Fogg has missed the train and returns to London 5 minutes late, assured that he has lost the wager. Confucius' descendants were identified and honored by the imperial government. A short time later, the misunderstanding is cleared up - the actual bank robber had been caught several days earlier. They built upon and expanded his ethico-political system. The companions arrive at Liverpool several hours before the deadline, which would easily suffice to get to London by train. However, once on British soil again, Fix produces a warrant and arrests Fogg. Mencius and Xun Zi are his two great followers, one on each "side" of his philosophy, perhaps simply described as optimism and pessimism. Fogg buys the boat at a very high price from the captain, soothing him thereby, and has the crew burn all the wooden parts to keep up the steam. Confucius' philosophical school was first continued by his direct disciples and by his grandson Zisi.

Going on full steam all the time, the boat runs out of fuel after a few days. See main article : Disciples of Confucius. On the voyage, he bribes the crew to mutiny and take course for Liverpool. Therefore, tyrannicide is justified because a tyrant is more a thief than a king (but attempted tyrannicide is not). He finds a small steam boat, destined for Bordeaux. However, the captain of the boat refuses to take the company to Liverpool, wherupon Fogg accepts to be brought to Bordeaux. This was built upon by his disciple Mencius to argue that if the king was not acting like a king, he would lose the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown. On the next day, Fogg starts looking for an alternative for the crossing of the Atlantic. In discussing the relationship between a son and his father (or a subject and his king), he underlined the need to give due respect to superiors; this demanded that the inferior must give advice to his superior if the superior was considered to be taking the wrong course of action in a given situation.

However, reaching New York, they learn that the steamer they had been trying to catch has left a short time before. Even in facial expression, one sought always to achieve this. To make up for the lost time, Fogg and his companions hire a sledge, which brings them to Omaha, where they arrive just in time to get on a train to Chicago, and then another to New York. He argued for according language with truth—thus honesty was of the most paramount importance. He chooses the latter, starting on a rescue mission with some soldiers of a nearby fort, who succeed in freeing the hostages. While he supported the idea of the all-powerful Emperor, probably because of the chaotic state of China at his time, his philosophies contained a number of elements to limit the power of the rulers. Fogg is now faced with the dilemma of continuing his tour, or going to rescue Passepartout. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good." (Translated by James Legge) This "sense of shame" is somewhat an internalization of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism.

During that trip, the train is attacked by Indians, who take Passepartout and two other passengers hostage. "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. In San Francisco, they get on the train to New York. He explained this in one of the most important analects: 1. Fix promises Passepartout that now, having left British soil, he will no longer try to delay Fogg's journey, but rather support him in getting back to Britain as fast as possible (to have him arrested there). He argues that the best government is one that rules through "rites" and people's natural morality, rather than using bribery and force. Reunited, the four board on a steamer taking them across the Pacific to San Francisco. Confucius' political thought is based upon his ethical thought.

They find him in a circus, trying to earn his homeward journey. An early version of the Golden Rule: “What one does not wish for oneself, one ought not to do to any one else; what one recognizes as desirable for oneself, one ought to be willing to grant to others.” (Confucius and Confucianism, Richard Wilhelm). In Yokohama, they go on a search for Passepartout, believing that he may have arrived there with the original connection. Virtue under Confucius is based upon harmony with others, very different from the Aristotelian view of virtue being personal excellence. He finds a pilot boat which takes him and his companions (Aouda and Fix) to Shanghai, where they catch a steamer to Yokohama. To live by rén one used another Confucian version of the Golden Rule: he argued that you must always treat your inferiors just as you would want your superiors to treat you. He goes on search for a vessel which will take him to Yokohama. To live by rén was even better than living by the rules of yì.

Fogg, on the next day, discovers that he has missed his connection. His moral system was based upon empathy and understanding others, rather than divinely ordained rules. In his dizziness, Passepartout yet manages to catch the steamer to Yokohama, but neglects to inform Fogg. Ren can best be translated as human heartedness. To prevent Passepartout from informing his master about the premature departure of their next vessel, Fix makes Passepartout drunk and drugs him in an opium den. Just as lǐ flows out of yì, so yì flows out of rén (仁). He therefore confides in Passepartout, who does not believe a word and remains convinced that his master is not a bank robber. Since they took care of you for the first three years of your life you must reciprocate by living in mourning for three years.

Meanwhile, still without a warrant, Fix sees Hong Kong as his last chance to arrest Fogg on British soil. An example of living by yì is how you must mourn your father and mother for three years after their death. In Hong Kong, it turns out that Aouda's distant relative in whose care they had been planning to leave her there, has moved away, so they decide to take her with them to Europe. Yì is based upon reciprocity. On board, he shows himself to Passepartout, who is delighted to meet again his traveling companion from the earlier voyage. This means that rather than pursuing your own selfish interests you should do what is right and what is moral. Fix, who had secretly been following them, again failed to obtain a warrant against Fogg in Calcutta and is forced to follow them along to Hong Kong. While doing things because of lǐ, your own self-interest, was not necessarily bad, you would be a better, more righteous person if you base your life upon following yì.

At Calcutta, they finally board a steamer going to Hong Kong. Yì can best be translated as righteousness. The travelers then hasten on to catch the train at the next railway station, taking the girl, Aouda, with them. To Confucius, yì (义 [義]) was the origin of lǐ. During the ceremony, he then rises from the pyre, scaring off the priests, and carries the young woman away. Generally attempts to obtain short term pleasure are bad while those that in the long term try to make your life better are generally good. They follow the procession to the site, where Passepartout secretly takes the place of the girl's deceased husband on the funeral pyre, on which the woman is going to be burned the next morning. These can be either good or bad.

Since the young woman is obviously drugged and not going voluntarily, the travelers decide to rescue her. Lǐ to Confucius became every action by a person aiming at meeting the person's surface desires. During the ride, they come across a suttee procession, in which a young Indian woman, Aouda, is led to a sanctuary to be sacrificed the next day. He redefined lǐ to refer to all actions committed by a person to build the ideal society. As it turns out, the construction of the railway is not totally finished, so they are forced to get over the remaining gap between two stations by riding an elephant, which Phileas Fogg purchases at the prodigious price of 2,000 pounds. Confucius redefined lǐ, arguing that it flowed not from heaven but from humanity. Still in time, Fogg and Passepartout switch to the railway in Bombay, setting off for Calcutta, Fix now following them undercover. It was believed that lǐ originated from the heavens.

During the voyage, Fix gets acquainted with Passepartout, without revealing his purpose. While Confucius grew up, lǐ (礼 [禮]) referred to three aspects of life, that of sacrificing to the gods, social and political institutions, and daily behavior. Since he cannot secure a warrant in time, Fix goes on board of the steamer conveying the travelers to Bombay. The Confucian theory of ethics is based on three important concepts:. Because Fogg matches the description of the bank robber, Fix mistakes Fogg to be the criminal. He also looked nostalgically upon earlier days, and urged the Chinese, particularly the politicians, to model themselves on earlier examples — although whether or not older rulers had governed by Confucian standards is dubious. While disembarking in Egypt, he is watched by a Scotland Yard detective named Fix, who has been despatched from London in search of a bank robber. He expressed the well-known principle, "Do not to others what you do not want done to yourself" (the Golden Rule).

Fogg and Passepartout reach Suez in time. He championed strong familial loyalty, ancestor worship, and respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives, and used the family as a basis for an ideal government. on October 2, and thus is due back at the Reform Club at the same time 80 days later, on December 21. Confucius's principles gained wide acceptance primarily because of their basis in common Chinese opinion. He leaves London by train at 8.45 p.m. Although Confucianism is often followed in a religious manner by the Chinese, argument continues over whether to refer to it as a religion because it makes little reference to theological or spiritual matters (God(s), the afterlife, etc.). He sets off immediately, taking his puzzled new valet with him. Main article: Confucianism.

Fogg accepts a wager for 20,000 pounds from his fellow club members, which he will receive if he makes it around the world in 80 days. In the centuries after his death, Mencius and Xun Zi both wrote a prominent book on these, and with time a philosophy has been elaborated, which is known in the West as Confucianism. The schedule is given as follows:. Confucius' teachings have been turned later into a corps de doctrine by his numerous disciples and followers. Later that day in the Reform Club, he gets involved in an argument over an article in The Daily Telegraph, stating that with the opening of a new railway section in India, it is now possible to travel around the world in 80 days. Duties are always balanced and if a subject must obey his ruler, he also has to tell him when he is wrong. He hires as a replacement Passepartout, a Frenchman of around 30 years of age. Both are mutual communication between someone's humanity and his social context, both feed social relationships, like the five prototypes: between father and son, husband and wife, prince and subject, elder and youngster, and between friends.

He fires his former valet, James Forster, for bringing him his shaving water two degrees too cold. He added that rites are not only the way to arrange sacrificial tools, and music is not only the sound of stick on bell. The source of his wealth is not known and he lives modestly. While rites, in short, show off social hierarchies, music unifies hearts in shared enjoyment. Phileas Fogg is a wealthy, solitary, unmarried man with regular habits. Confucius also heavily emphasized what he calls "rites and music," referring to these social conventions as two poles to balance order and harmony. The story starts in London on October 2, 1872. Thus, when one sees a little bit of the greater picture, according to many ancient or recent Eastern and Western commentators, Confucius' teaching can be considered a noteworthy Chinese variant of humanism.

The book may have been inspired by the exploits of George Francis Train, who accomplished the feat in 1870. When one knows that in his time horses were perhaps ten times more expensive than stablemen, one can understand that, by not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrated his greatest priority: human beings. The technological innovations of the 19th century had opened the possibility of rapid circumnavigation and the prospect fascinated Verne and his readership. What seems a matter of tiny importance has been long commented on and shows another of the Confucian specificities that have to be underlined. Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingt jours) is a classic adventure novel by Jules Verne, first published in 1872. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the late Victorian world in 80 days on a �20,000 wager set by his friends at the Reform Club. A good example is found in this famous anecdote:. This movie frequently appears on various US-based cable TV networks. That is why his teachings need to be examined and put into context for access by Westerners.

It takes a great many liberties with the original story, but the central idea is still there - indeed, one of the songs in this film is entitled Around the World in Eighty Days. This kind of "indirect" way to achieve a goal is used widely in his teachings, where allusions, innuendo, and even tautology are common ways of expressing himself. Tweety's High Flying Adventure is a musical by Warner Brothers from 2000; it depicts the characters as not only talking animals, but the ones familiar from previous cartoons from the same studio. His ethics may be considered one of the greatest virtue ethics. This show has gained something of a cult following in Britain and Germany. One of the deepest teachings of Confucius, and one of the hardest to understand from a Western point of view, may have been the superiority of exemplification over explicit rules of behavior. This series depicts the characters as talking animals and takes several liberties with the original story, but still remains faithful to the basic ideas. And he wanted the ruler to reach perfection himself, thus spreading his own virtues to the people instead of imposing proper behavior with laws and rules.

Around the World with Willy Fogg by Spanish studio BRB Internacional from 1981 with a second season produced in 1993. He wanted rulers who were devoted to their people. A one-season cartoon series Around the World in 80 days from 1972 by Australian Air Programs International. Therefore, Confucius is often considered a great proponent of conservatism, but a closer look at what he proposes often shows that he used (and maybe twisted) past institutions and rites to push a new political agenda of his own: for example, he wanted rulers to be chosen on their merits, not their parentage. Around the World in 80 days from 1972 by Canadian studio Rankin-Bass with Japanese Mushi productions as part of the Festival of Family Classics series. In these times of division, chaos, and endless wars between feudal states, he wanted to restore the Mandate of Heaven that could unify the "world" (i.e., China) and bestow peace and prosperity on the people. Around the World in 79 Days, a serial segment on the Hanna-Barbera show The Cattanooga Cats from 1969 to 1971. Far from trying to build a systematic theory of life and society, he wanted his disciples to think deeply for themselves and relentlessly study the outside world, mostly through the old scriptures relating past political events (like the Annals) or past feelings of common people (like the Book of Odes).

It was never completed as a full feature film. In this respect, he is seen by Chinese people as the Greatest Master. An Indian Fantasy Story is an unfinished French/English co-production from 1938, featuring the wager at the Reform Club and the rescue of the Indian Princess. In the Analects, where one can find the most intimate descriptions of him, Confucius presents himself as a transmitter who invented nothing and his greatest emphasis may be on study, the Chinese character that opens the book. Several animated films and cartoon series were made based on Verne's book.