Arkansas

Henderson State University. See the Economy section of the Los Angeles County article for a list of such companies in Los Angeles County. Harding University. There are many other well-known companies with headquarters located in the County of Los Angeles or the greater Los Angeles area, but they are far beyond the City of Los Angeles (and the scope of this article). Central Baptist College. The companies below clearly benefit from their proximity to Los Angeles, while at the same time they also avoid the city's taxes (and other problems). Arkansas Tech University. For example, Los Angeles charges a gross receipts tax based on a percentage of business revenue, while most neighboring cities charge only small flat fees.

Arkansas State University. Few major companies are headquartered within the boundaries of the City of Los Angeles for a variety of reasons, such as the city's high taxes. Arkansas Baptist College. The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are vital to North American trade with the Pacific Rim countries. National Center for Toxicological Research website (http://www.fda.gov/nctr/). The most important industries in Los Angeles are entertainment, adult entertainment, and media production, aerospace, telecommunications, law, tourism, health and medicine, manufacturing and transportation. Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center website (http://www.dbnrrc.ars.usda.gov/). Main article: Economy of Los Angeles.

Arkansas Cherokee Indian Research (http://www.comanchelodge.com/chickamauga-cherokee.html). County, Whittier, Long Beach area
Area code 626 - Pasadena, San Gabriel Valley
Area code 661 - Antelope Valley including Palmdale, Lancaster; Santa Clarita
Area code 818 - The San Fernando Valley, Glendale
Area code 909 - Pomona, parts of the east County. Non-Religious – 6%. Area code 213 - Downtown L.A.
Area code 323 - Doughnut-shaped area surrounding downtown, including greater Hollywood, the Fairfax neighborhood, East L.A., northern South-Central L.A.
Area code 310 - West L.A. and the South Bay
Area code 562 - South-West L.A. Other Religions – 0%.
Related topics:. Other Christian – 1%. (The "neighborhood councils" of Los Angeles began in 1999 and often follow different borders).

Roman Catholic – 5%. Signs have been placed on major thoroughfares designating some of the communities, a practice going back decades. Protestant – 84%. These divisions have no legal status but are of significance to residents for cultural and financial reasons. 1.3% mixed race. Most of the neighborhood names come either from farm towns that were annexed by the growing city, physical terrain features, major streets, or subdivision names coined by enterprising developers. 0.7% American Indian. The city is divided into many neighborhoods.

0.8% Asian. There are also unincorporated enclaves which are under Los Angeles County jurisdiction. 3.2% Hispanic. territory. 15.7% Black. San Fernando in the northern corner of the San Fernando Valley is also a separate city entirely surrounded by L.A. 78.6% White non-Hispanic. Both Santa Monica and Marina del Rey are surrounded except on their ocean side.

Interstate 55. except where it shares a boundary with the unincorporated communities of Ladera Heights and Baldwin Hills. Interstate 40. Culver City is surrounded by L.A. Interstate 30. For example, Beverly Hills and West Hollywood are completely surrounded by the City of Los Angeles except for a small border the two cities share. The city boundaries are quite complicated.

The San Pedro/Harbor City area was annexed to the city of Los Angeles so the city could have access and control over the Port of Los Angeles and is only connected by a narrow Corridor with the rest of L.A, which follows the Harbor Freeway for the most part. Many Angelenos consider the Eastside to be the area east of the Los Angeles River, above Orange County. Adjoining areas that are outside the actual city boundaries of the incorporated city of Los Angeles include the South Bay, the San Gabriel Valley and the Foothills. (formerly known as South Central L.A.); and the San Pedro/Harbor City area. Some other areas of Los Angeles include the Westside; South L.A.

Or, consider the San Fernando Valley: Lying north-northwest of Downtown L.A., "The Valley" is a 15 mile (24 km) wide basin ringed by mountains. For example, Downtown Los Angeles is the area of Los Angeles roughly enclosed by three freeways and one river: the Harbor Freeway to the west, the Hollywood Freeway to the north, the Los Angeles River to the east, and the Santa Monica Freeway to the south. Some areas are bounded by natural features such as mountains or the ocean; others are marked by city boundaries, freeways, or other constructed landmarks. See also Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California..

The Los Angeles Downtown News keeps a list of ongoing development projects, updated every quarter, here (http://www.downtownnews.com/development/). For example, Downtown Los Angeles is gaining more skyscrapers (some of which are residential towers), the office vacancy rate is decreasing, and the value of housing units and homes continues to rise. sprawl has reached its geographic limits around 2000 (future expansion of the sprawl will involve leapfrogging across whole mountain ranges), so these numbers are beginning to change as real estate investment becomes focused towards the central areas of the city. However, the L.A.

In contrast to this, the extent of the region's suburban sprawl has been so thoroughly cultivated so as to result in a greater metropolitan area with a relatively high density of 7,070 people per square mile (2,730/km²) according to the 2000 census. This decentralization has resulted in the city of Los Angeles having a very low population density compared to other large American cities (less than one-third the density of New York City, and nearly half the density of Chicago). Los Angeles became a real city as automobiles began to be mass-produced, and as a result it developed somewhat less densely. At the same time, the area's reputation for sprawl is more historic than real in today's terms.

It is not always meaningful to refer to Los Angeles as a distinct city, but people outside of Southern California commonly refer to the entire region as "L.A.," even though there are five counties, more than 100 distinct municipalities, hundreds of neighborhoods and districts, and more people than any individual state except for Texas, New York, Florida, and, of course, California. Greater Los Angeles (also referred to locally as "Southern California" or "The Southland") is such a sprawling area that residents refer to broad general sub-regions. A major stretch of Wilshire Boulevard has high-rises outside of Century City, such as in the Miracle Mile, Los Angeles, California and Mid-Wilshire. The area around LAX as well as the stretch of Century Boulevard to the direct east of LAX also makes a small, mid-rise skyline.

Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley has a small skyline of commercial towers, with the tallest being around 25 stories. Encino, also in the San Fernando Valley, has many towers along Ventura Boulevard and nearby streets that have high-rises with story amounts in the 20's. Downtown has the tallest skyline, however, which mixes a few extremely tall high-rises with many lower high-rises (most around 12 stories) from the times when there was a low height limit. Century City and the parts of Wilshire Boulevard through Westwood together form a rather busy skyline that is often confused with the downtown skyline. The skyline of Los Angeles consists of several different clusters of high-rise buildings; most of these clusters are not directly connected to each other.

The recent "rise" of South Park, the low-rise district of downtown south of Bunker Hill (roughly south of 8th Street and north of the Santa Monica Freeway), is bringing skyscrapers that are high enough in quantity and height to create an extended downtown skyline within a few years from 2005. This is a brief list, however, there are many more. Some recent, new examples of skyscraper construction include:. Hence, what the office tower rush in the 1970s and 1980s added to the skyline is now occuring again in the form of residential.

Many of the new skyscrapers are housing, especially in Downtown. The skyline has seen rapid growth due to improvements in building standards, which has made some buildings highly earthquake-resistant. Despite its relative decentralization, Los Angeles has one of the largest skylines in the United States. See also: Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley.

The major waterway of Los Angeles is the Los Angeles River. Lukens. The highest point in Los Angeles is Sister Elsie Peak, 5,080 feet at the far reaches of the northeastern San Fernando Valley, part of Mt. The total area is 5.86% water.

1,214.9 km² (469.1 mi²) of it is land and 75.7 km² (29.2 mi²) of it is water. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,290.6 km² (498.3 mi²). The extreme north-south distance is 44 miles (71 km), the extreme east-west distance is 29 miles (47 km), and the length of the city boundary is 342 miles (550 km). has a total area of 472.08 square miles (1,223 km²).

L.A. The city is situated in a semitropical Mediterranean climate zone. Main article: Geography of Los Angeles. Notable sister cities include Athens, Jakarta, Berlin, Mumbai, Vancouver, Mexico City, Makati and St. Petersburg.

Los Angeles has 20 Sister Cities, more than any other municipality in California. There are crime video games that take place in Los Angeles such as Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (which has a city named Los Santos which is based on Los Angeles) and True Crime: Streets of LA (which takes place in Los Angeles and is a close replica of the area). One interesting example is a report on ten freeway shootings within two months [3] (http://www.nbc4.tv/news/4449599/detail.html). Numerous instances of all these crimes are documented on the LAPD press release Web site [2] (http://www.lapdonline.org/press_releases/press_releases.htm).

Other common crimes include: car-to-car shootings (see road rage), drive-by shootings, thrill killings, hit-and-run accidents, and carjackings. The city's complex freeway system makes it easier to go on for miles, while still remaining in the same general area. In Los Angeles, car chases happen more often than in most major cities (sometimes a few times in one week). Every day, the middle pages of Los Angeles newspapers are packed with reports of violent crimes which would be front page news in almost any other city in the United States.

According to a May 2001 Drug Threat Assessment by the National Drug Intelligence Center[1] (http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs0/668/overview.htm), Los Angeles County is home to 152,000 gang members organized into 1,350 gangs. As a result, people around the world know that the number 187 stands for murder in California. Many movies and songs about Los Angeles depict the fact that the city is home to a large number of gangsters and professional criminals. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.

Of course, the court of last resort for both federal and state cases is the U.S. Federal cases are appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which hears them at its branch building in Pasadena. State cases are appealed to the Court of Appeal for the Second Appellate District, which is also headquartered in the Civic Center, and then to the California Supreme Court, which is headquartered in San Francisco but also hears argument in Los Angeles (again, in the Civic Center). In 2003, the tabloid television show Extra (based in nearby Glendale) found itself running so many reports on the legal problems of local celebrities that it spun them off into a separate show, Celebrity Justice.

Simpson are frequently seen in Los Angeles courts. Thanks to Hollywood, celebrities like O.J. As a result, both the county superior court and the federal district court are respectively the busiest courts of their type in the nation. Unlike the largest city in the United States, New York, all of the city of Los Angeles and most of its important suburbs are located within a single county.

Both are headquartered in a large cluster of government buildings in the city's Civic Center. District Court for the Central District of California hears all federal cases. The Los Angeles County Superior Court has jurisdiction over all cases arising under state law, while the U.S. See also: List of mayors of Los Angeles, California.

The first notable achievement of the neighborhood councils was their organized opposition in March 2004 to an 18% increase in water rates by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (a municipal monopoly), which led the city council to suspend the rate hike pending further study. These and other regulatory requirements have proven frustrating for activists unaccustomed to bureaucratic procedures. Though the councils have little actual power, they are still official government bodies and so must abide by California's Brown Act that strictly governs the meetings of deliberative assemblies. More than 90 neighborhood councils have been formed and all stakeholders in a district may vote for council members.

The councils cover districts which are not necessarily identical to the traditional neighborhoods of Los Angeles, the borders of which often reflect those of cities that were annexed to Los Angeles (see Communities, neighborhoods and districts below). These advisory councils were first proposed by city council member Joel Wachs in 1996 and were incorporated in the Charter Reform of 1999. To make the government more responsive and to help encourage the cohesiveness of neighborhood communities, the city council has promoted the formation of neighborhood councils. The main problem seems to be that the city administration in Downtown gives more priority to high-density neighborhoods like Mid-City and Downtown at the expense of its far-flung suburban neighborhoods.

The city government has been perceived as inefficient and ineffective by residents of some areas, which ultimately led to an unsuccessful secession movement by the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood in 2002. The district attorney, elected by the county voters, prosecutes misdemeanors in unincorporated areas and in 78 of the 88 cities in the county, as well as felonies everywhere in the county. The city attorney prosecutes misdemeanors within the city limits. Other elected city officials include the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo, and the city controller, Laura Chick.

There are 15 city council districts. The current mayor is James Hahn and the mayor-elect is Antonio Villaraigosa. The city has a mayor-council system. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department polices all unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County and some cities which have contracted for law enforcement services because they lack police departments of their own, including Calabasas, West Hollywood, and Compton.

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) polices the city of Los Angeles. Main article: Law and government of Los Angeles. area, such as Caltech, see Los Angeles County, California#Colleges and universities. Note: For more colleges and universities in the L.A.

++Los Angeles Community College District. Since then, the LAUSD has embarked on an aggressive school construction program to relieve overcrowding, and has developed high-quality magnet schools to nurture talented students and encourage them to remain within the public school system. Wealthy and upper-middle-class parents placed their children in elite private schools like Harvard-Westlake, Crossroads School, The Buckley School, Milken Community High School, Notre Dame High School, Brentwood School (Los Angeles), and Marlborough School, while middle-class families fled into suburban school districts beyond LAUSD boundaries. After Proposition 13 in 1978, urban school districts had considerable trouble with funding and LAUSD became known for its underfunded, overcrowded and poorly maintained campuses.

The primary school district that serves Los Angeles is the Los Angeles Unified School District. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi founded the Transcendental Meditation movement in Los Angeles in the late 1950s. Los Angeles has been a destination for Swamis and Gurus as early as 1900, including Paramahansa Yogananda (1920). Gene Scott was based near downtown.

Until his death in 2005, Dr. Billy Graham became a celebrity during a successful revival campaign in Los Angeles. In the 1920s, Aimee Semple McPherson established a thriving evangelic ministry, with her Angelus Temple in Echo Park open to both black and white congregants. The city has also been home to some very colorful religious leaders and icons.

One wing of the Theosophist movement is centered in Los Angeles, and another is set in neighboring Pasadena. Los Angeles is the home to a number of Neopagans, as well as adherents of various other mystical religions. The Self-Realization Fellowship is also based in Hollywood and has a private park in Pacific Palisades. Today, the Church of Scientology has a major presence in Hollywood.

Immigrants from Asia, for example, have formed a number of significant Buddhist congregations. Los Angeles's large multi-ethnic population has fostered some of the less common religions of North America. The Azusa Street Revival (1906–1909) in Los Angeles was a key milestone in the history of the Pentecostal movement. Los Angeles has the second-largest Jewish community in the United States, rivaled only by New York City.

A major temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is situated in West Los Angeles. Roger Cardinal Mahony oversaw construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, completed in 2002 at the north end of downtown. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Los Angeles leads the largest archdiocese in the country. Los Angeles is home to adherents of many religions.

See: List of Los Angeles television stations. Examples include the Daily Breeze (serving the South Bay), and the Long Beach Press-Telegram. Many cities adjacent to Los Angeles also have their own daily newspapers whose coverage and availability overlaps into certain Los Angeles neighborhoods. It strongly supports lowering taxes.

Wisteria has been known to grow to house-lot-size, and in Descanso Gardens, there are forests of camellia trees. If there were no city here, flower-growing could still flourish as an industry, as it does in Lompoc. There are many exotic flowers and flowering trees that are blooming year-round, with subtle colors, including the jacaranda, hibiscus, phlox, bougainvillea, coral tree blossoms and bird of paradise. Unfortunately, many native species are so rare as to be endangered, such as the Los Angeles sunflower.

Native plants include: California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, coast live oak, giant wild rye grass, and hundreds of others. The largest area is coastal sage scrub, which covers the hillsides in combustible chaparral. With its beaches, dunes, wetlands, hills, mountains, and rivers, the area contains a number of important biological communities. Los Angeles is remarkably rich in native plant species.

Across the county a great variety of outdoor activities are available, such as skiing, rock climbing, gold panning, hang gliding, and windsurfing. Numerous outdoor clubs serve these sports, including the Angeles Chapter of the Sierra Club, which annually leads over 4,000 outings in the area. Los Angeles is perhaps the most mountainous metropolis in the world, with four mountain ranges partly inside city boundaries. Thousands of miles of trails crisscross the city and neighboring areas, providing exercise and wilderness access on foot, bike, or horse. Los Angeles has twice played host to the summer Olympic Games: in 1932 and in 1984. Area beaches are popular with surfers, who have created their own subculture.

Beach volleyball and windsurfing were both invented in the area (though predecessors of both were first invented in some form by Duke Kahanamoku in Hawaii). Venice, also known as Dogtown, is credited with being the birthplace of skateboarding and the place where rollerblading first became popular. In late December 2004 the name was officially changed to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in order to associate with the larger city while still complying with contractual obligations. At various times in history, however, the Angels have been known as the Los Angeles Angels (1961-1965), the California Angels (1965-1997), and the Anaheim Angels (1997-2004); talks in 2004 suggested the team was considering returning to the original name, over loud protests from the Anaheim government. Anaheim, about 25 miles (40 km) to the south-east, is home to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim hockey team and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim baseball team.

Los Angeles has been without an NFL franchise since 1995 despite being the second biggest television market in North America. Los Angeles is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team, the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers men's basketball teams, the Los Angeles Sparks women's basketball team, the Los Angeles Kings hockey team, the Club Deportivo Chivas USA and Los Angeles Galaxy soccer teams, and the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. See also: List of sites of interest in the Los Angeles area. The Main Library is located in downtown Los Angeles and has been recognized as a National Historic Site.

Residents of the unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County and various cities within the county are served by the County of Los Angeles Public Library The LAPL is funded by voter approved bond and tax levy packages. Residents of the city of Los Angeles are served by the Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL) and its branch locations. For more criticism, see Arts and culture of Los Angeles: Criticism. However, this culture has also inspired criticism that it is not really a unique culture at all.

As a major global metropolis, Los Angeles has evolved a unique culture that is well-portrayed in popular media. Despite its young age, Los Angeles is known as the world capital of motion picture production, and it is also an important center for music, art, and architecture. Main article: Arts and culture of Los Angeles. riots, the Northridge earthquake was a severe emotional shock to Southern Californians, in addition to causing billions of dollars in physical damage. Other major earthquakes include the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake and the 1971 Sylmar earthquake.

Coming less than two years after the L.A. The most recent was the 1994 Northridge earthquake, which was centered in the northern San Fernando Valley. Like most areas of California, Los Angeles's history is punctuated with major earthquakes. A city-wide vote on San Fernando Valley and Hollywood secession was defeated in 2002.

The XXIII Olympiad was successfully hosted in Los Angeles in 1984. The city was once again tested by the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The Watts riots in 1965 reminded the country of the deep divisions that even the nation's youngest city faced. The postwar years saw an even greater boom as urban sprawl expanded into the San Fernando Valley. This period also saw the arrival of the German Exiles, which included such notables as Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht, and Lion Feuchtwagner.

World War II brought new growth and prosperity to the city, although many of its Japanese-American residents were transported to internment camps for the duration of the war. The city was the proud host of the 1932 Summer Olympics. In the 1920s the motion picture and aviation industries both flocked to Los Angeles and helped to further develop it. In 1913, William Mulholland completed the aqueduct that assured the city's growth and led to the annexation by the City of Los Angeles, starting in 1915, of dozens of neighboring communities without water supplies of their own.

Even more important to the city's growth was water. Oil was discovered in 1892, and by 1923, Los Angeles was supplying one-quarter of the world's petroleum. Railroads arrived when the Southern Pacific completed its line to Los Angeles in 1876. Los Angeles was incorporated as a city in 1850.

Yankees gained control after they flooded into California during the Gold Rush and secured the subsequent admission of California into the United States. Mexican independence from Spain was achieved in the 1820s, but the greatest change took place in present day Montebello after the Battle of Rio San Gabriel in 1847, which decided the fate of Los Angeles. It remained a small mission and ranch town for decades. On September 4, 1781, settlers from the San Gabriel Mission founded the town and named it El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de la Porciúncula, "The Town of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of the Small Portion".

In 1771, the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel was founded, thus establishing a permanent presence in the area and securing Spanish territory. In 1769, the Spanish returned to California to stay. The Spanish first arrived in 1542, when Juan Cabrillo visited the area. The Los Angeles coastal area was occupied by the Tongva, Chumash, and even earlier Native American peoples for thousands of years.

Main Article: History of Los Angeles, California. See also: The Greater Los Angeles Area. People are attracted to the city for its balmy weather, its vibrant lifestyle, and the opportunity to realize the "American Dream.". It is one of the largest entry points for immigrants to the United States, and it contains people from every nation, making it one of world's most culturally-rich places.

The economy of Los Angeles is driven by agriculture, petroleum, entertainment (motion pictures, television, and recorded music), aerospace, international trade, and tourism. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power provides service to city residents and businesses. The Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles Public Library System and Los Angeles Unified School District are among the largest such organizations in the country. Los Angeles is governed by a mayor and a 15-member council.

In addition, Los Angeles is an "Alpha" world city since it has hosted two Olympic Games and is home to renowned scientific and cultural institutions. The city is also large by geographic standards since it sprawls over more than 465 square miles (1200 square kilometers), making it larger than New York City or Chicago. As of the 2000 census, it has a population of 3,694,820, but a May 1, 2005, California Department of Finance estimate shows the city's population at 3,957,875, with the metropolitan area at 17,545,623. It was incorporated as a city in California on April 4, 1850 and is the county seat of Los Angeles County.

The City of Los Angeles (from Spanish Los Ángeles, meaning angels) is the second largest city in the United States in terms of population, as well as one of the world's most important economic, cultural, and entertainment centers. Klein, The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory, Verso 1997. Norman M. Lynell George, No crystal stair : African Americans in the city of angels, London : Verso, 1992.

Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles, Vintage Books 1992. Ulin (ed), Writing Los Angeles: A Literary Anthology, Library of America 2002. David L. For neighborhood demographics, see Maps of Los Angeles, California.

For other cities and unincorporated neighborhoods in the Los Angeles area, see Los Angeles County, California. List of districts and neighborhoods of Los Angeles (sorted by region and then alphabetically). Category page for Los Angeles neighborhoods (sorted alphabetically). Cove[12] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=210977)[13] (http://www.covemarinadelrey.com), an 18 story condominium tower in Marina del Rey.

9th and Flower Lofts[11] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=214405), a 38 story residential tower at 9th and Flower Streets. NoHo Tower[10] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/cs/?id=195925), a 15 story residential tower with bottom floor retail in North Hollywood. Metropolis[9] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/cx/?id=112023), a mixed use tri-tower (38, 47, and 52 stories, respectively) at Franciso and 9th Street downtown. The Californian on Wilshire[7] (http://www.thecalifornianonwilshire.com)[8] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/cs/?id=192611) which is a 23 story condominium tower on Wilshire Boulevard in Westwood.

11th and Grand[6] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=209800), a 27 story tower at 11th and Grand in downtown, opposite Elleven. Elleven[4] (http://www.elleven-south.com)[5] (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/cs/?id=205060), a tri-tower complex (13, 19, and 23 story towers) at the northwest block from 11th and Grand to 12th and Grand in downtown. University of Phoenix (Private College). Los Angeles Mission College++.

Los Angeles Valley College++. Los Angeles Pierce College++. Pepperdine University School of Law. Southwestern University School of Law.

Otis College of Art and Design(Otis). Occidental College (Oxy). Los Angeles City College (LACC). Loyola Marymount University (LMU).

California State University, Northridge (CSUN). California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA). University of Southern California (USC). University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).