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Al Jazeera

Al Jazeera Logo

Al Jazeera (Arabic: الجزيرة al-Ǧazīrä), meaning "The Island" or "The Peninsula" is an Arabic-language television channel based in Doha, Qatar. Its willingness to broadcast dissenting views, including on call-in shows, created controversies in the autocratic Persian Gulf Arab States. The station gained worldwide attention following the September 11, 2001 attacks, when it broadcast video statements by Osama bin Laden and other Al Qaeda leaders (see Videos of Osama bin Laden).

Al Jazeera operates several specialized television channels in addition to its primary news channel. These include Al Jazeera Sports, a popular Arabic-language sports channel, Al Jazeera Live, which broadcasts conferences in real time without editing or commentary, and the Al Jazeera Children's Channel. Future announced products include an English-language channel, Al Jazeera International, and a channel specializing in documentaries, and possible music channels or an international newspaper.

In addition to its TV channels, Al Jazeera operates Arabic and an English language websites. It's English language website at http://english.aljazeera.net/HomePage, should not be confused with Aljazeera.com, an unrelated English language website that publishes news and opinion pieces of an inflammatory nature about current affairs in the Middle East.

History

Al Jazeera claims to be the only politically independent television station in the Middle East. It now rivals the BBC in worldwide audiences with an estimated 50 million viewers. Al Jazeera was started with a US$150 million grant from the emir of Qatar. It aimed to become self-sufficient through advertising by 2001, but when this failed to occur, the emir agreed to continue subsidizing it on a year-by-year basis (US$30 million in 2004,[1] according to Arnaud de Borchgrave). Other major sources of income include advertising, cable subscription fees, broadcasting deals with other companies, and sale of footage (according to Pravda,[2] "Al-Jazeera received $20,000 per minute for Bin Laden's speech".) In 2000, advertising accounted for 40% of the station's revenue.[3]

The channel began broadcasting in late 1996. In April of that year, BBC World's Arabic language TV station, faced with censorship demands by the Saudi Arabian government, had shut down after two years of operation. Many former BBC staff members joined Al Jazeera.

In the beginning, Al Jazeera tried to increase its viewership by means of presenting controversial views regarding the governments of many Gulf states including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain (ironically, Qatar is not included in this list), Syria's relationship with Lebanon, and the Egyptian judiciary. Its well-presented documentary on the Lebanese Civil War in 2000-2001 gave its viewer ratings a boost. However, it wasn't until late 2001 that Al Jazeera achieved worldwide popularity when it broadcast video statements by Al Qaeda leaders.

In response to Al Jazeera, a group of Saudi investors created Al Arabiya in the first quarter of 2003. Unlike Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya focuses on covering the news without stirring controversies.

Al Jazeera outside the Middle East

On July 4, 2005 Al Jazeera officially announced plans to launch a new English-language satellite service called Al Jazeera International.[4] Al Jazeera has announced this long-expected move in an attempt to provide news about the Arab world, especially Israel, from the Middle Eastern perspective. The new channel will have broadcast centers in Doha (current Al Jazeera headquarters and broadcast center), London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C., when the station launches in March 2006. The channel will be a 24-hours 7-days a week news channel with 12 hours broadcasted from Doha and four hours from each of London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C.

In September 2005, Josh Rushing joined Al Jazeera International. He was the press officer for the United States Central Command during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and in that role was featured in the documentary Control Room. Rushing will be working from the Washington DC Bureau. He commented that "In a time when American media has become so nationalised, I'm excited about joining an organisation that truly wants to be a source of global information..." [5] Former CNN and BBC news anchorwoman and award winning journalist Veronica Pedrosa and veteran UK broadcaster David Frost have also joined the team, along with Riz Khan, a former BBC reporter who most recently was host of the CNN talk show Q&A, CNN producer James Wright, and Kieran Baker, a former editor and producer for CNN. [6] [7] [8]. On 2 December 2005, Stephen Cole, a senior anchor on BBC World and Click Online presenter, announced he was joining Al-Jazeera International. [9] The network announced on 12 January 2006 that former Nightline correspondent Dave Marash would be the co-anchor from their Washington studio. He described his new position as "the most interesting job on Earth." [10] On 6 February 2006 it was announced that the former BBC reporter Rageh Omaar would host a daily weeknights documentary series, Witness [11]. With Al-Jazeera's growing global outreach and influence, some who thought of them as an "alternative media" source have changed their minds. [12].

Viewership

It is widely believed internationally that inhabitants of the Arab world are given limited information by their governments and media, and that what is conveyed is biased towards the governments' views. Many people see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels. Some scholars and commentators use the notion of contextual objectivity[13][14], which highlights the tension between objectivity and audience appeal, to describe the station's controversial yet popular news approach [15]. As a result, it is probably the most watched news channel in the Middle East.

Increasingly, Al Jazeera's exclusive interviews and other footage are being rebroadcast in American, British, and other western media outlets such as CNN and the BBC. In January 2003, the BBC announced that it had signed an agreement with Al Jazeera for sharing facilities and information, including news footage. Al Jazeera is now considered a fairly mainstream media network, though more controversial than most. In the United States, video footage from the network is largely limited to showing the mercy pleas of hostages.

Al Jazeera's programming is available worldwide through various satellite and cable systems. In the US, it is available through satellite. Al Jazeera can be freely viewed with a DVB-S receiver as it is broadcast on the Astra and Hot Bird satellites.

Al Jazeera's web-based service is accessible subscription-free throughout the world, though the English and Arabic sections appear to be editorially distinct, with their own selection of news and comment.

Staff

The Chairman of Al Jazeera is Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer al-Thani, a distant cousin of Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani.

The current Managing Director of the Arabic channel is Waddah Khanfar, who is supported by Ahmed Sheikh, Editor-in-Chief, and Amen Jaballah.

The managing director for the yet-to-be-launched Al Jazeera International is Nigel Parsons.

The latest in a string of managing editors of the English-language site is Russell Merryman, who is currently caretaking the site after the departures of Omar Bec, Joanne Tucker, Ahmed Sheikh and Alison Balharry.

The Editor-in-Chief of the Arabic website is Abdel Aziz Al Mahmoud, and the editorial head is Mohammad Dawood. It has more than a hundred editorial staff.

Criticism and harassment

From Algeria

The Algerian government froze the activities of Al Jazeera's Algerian correspondent on July 4, 2004. The official reason given was that a reorganisation of the work of foreign correspondents was in progress. The international pressure group Reporters Without Borders says, however, that the measure was really taken in reprisal for a broadcast the previous week of a debate on the political situation in Algeria. Also, it is alleged that several Algerian cities lost power simultaneously to keep residents from watching a program that implicated the Algerian military in a series of massacres.

From Bahrain

Bahrain Information Minister Nabil al-Hamr banned Al Jazeera correspondents from reporting from inside the country on 10 May 2002, saying that the station was biased towards Israel and against Bahrain.[16] After improvements in relations between Bahrain and Qatar in 2004, Al Jazeera correspondents returned to Bahrain.

From Spain

Reporter Taysir Allouni was arrested in Spain on 5 September 2003, on a charge of having provided support for members of Al-Qaida. Judge Baltasar Garzón, who had issued the arrest warrant, ordered Allouni held indefinitely without bail. He was nevertheless released several weeks later for health concerns, but was prohibited from leaving the country.

On 19 September, a Spanish court issued an arrest warrant for al-Jazeera correspondent Taysir Allouni, before the expected verdict. Allouni asked the court for permission to visit his family in Syria to attend the funeral of his mother, but authorities denied his request and ordered him back to jail.

Although he pleaded not guilty of all the charges against him, Allouni was sentenced on 26 September to seven years in prison for merely interviewing Bin Laden after the September 11th attack on the United States. [17].

Many international and private organizations condemned the arrest and called on the Spanish court to free Taysir Alony. Websites such as Free Taysir Alony and Alony Solidarity were created to support Alony.

From the United States

In 1999, New York Times reporter Thomas L. Friedman called Al-Jazeera "the freest, most widely watched TV network in the Arab world."[18] The station first gained widespread attention in the west following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, when it broadcast videos in which Osama bin Laden and Sulaiman Abu Ghaith defended and justified the attacks. This led to criticism by the United States government that Al Jazeera was engaging in propaganda on behalf of terrorists. Al Jazeera countered that it was merely making information available without comment, and indeed several western television channels later followed suit in broadcasting portions of the tapes. Nevertheless, CNN cut its ties with Al Jazeera for several months over this controversy.

On 25 March 2003, two of its reporters covering the New York Stock Exchange had their credentials revoked. NYSE spokesman Ray Pellechia claimed "security reasons" and that the exchange had decided to give access only to networks that focus "on responsible business coverage". He denied the revocation has anything to do with the network's Iraq war coverage. [19]

From the US government

While prior to September 11th, 2001, the United States government lauded Al Jazeera for its role as an independent media outlet in the Middle East, since then it has reversed course dramatically. Government spokespersons have often cited what they claim as bias on the part of the broadcaster. In 2004 the competing Arabic-language satellite TV station Al Hurra was launched, funded by the U.S. government.

On January 30, 2005 the New York Times reported that the Qatari government, under pressure from the Bush administration, was speeding up plans to sell the station. [20]

Al Jazeera staff in a symbolic gathering outside their offices in Doha in protest against the bombing allegation memo

On November 22, 2005, the UK tabloid The Daily Mirror published a story claiming that it had obtained a leaked memo from 10 Downing Street saying that U.S. President George W. Bush had considered bombing Al Jazeera's Doha headquarters in April 2004, when U.S. Marines were conducting a contentious assault on Fallujah.

In light of this allegation, Al Jazeera has questioned whether it has been targeted deliberately in the past — Al Jazeera's Kabul office was bombed in 2001 and a missile hit its office in Baghdad during the invasion of Iraq killing correspondent Tariq Ayoub. Both of these attacks occurred despite Al Jazeera's provision of the locations of their offices to the United States.

Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al Hajj was detained in Afghanistan as an "enemy combatant" in December 2001, and is now held without charge in Camp Delta at Guantánamo Bay.

From Muslim viewers

Al Jazeera has been criticized by many of its Muslim viewers for giving air time to Israeli officials. Some have suggested the media outlet is a source of disinformation and a front for Western intelligence agencies. They have mockingly taken to calling it "Al-Khinzeera," which means "The Pig."

Al Jazeera and Iraq

On March 4, 2003, during the run-up to the invasion of Iraq, the New York Stock Exchange banned Al Jazeera (as well as several other news organizations whose identities were not revealed) from its trading floor indefinitely, citing "security concerns" as the official reason. The move was quickly mirrored by Nasdaq stock market officials. Critics have drawn the conclusion that the Bush administration's distaste for the station's reporting of the invasion of Iraq was the underlying motivation, yet there is no evidence to support such a claim aside from mere speculation. The administration has voiced such criticisms of Al Jazeera. For example, on April 27, 2004, State Department spokesman Richard Boucher, said, "On Iraq they have established a pattern of false reporting." (WSVN)

During the Iraq war, Al Jazeera faced the same reporting and movement restrictions as other news-gathering organizations. In addition, one of its reporters, Tayseer Allouni, was banned from the country by the Iraqi Information Ministry, while another one, Diyar Al-Omari, was banned from reporting in Iraq (both decisions were later retracted). On April 3, 2003, Al Jazeera withdrew its journalists from the country, citing unreasonable interference from Iraqi officials.

Also in the run-up to the war the US Pentagon hired the Rendon Group to target and possibly punish Al Jazeera reporters who did not stay on message. [21]

On April 8, 2003 Al Jazeera's office in Baghdad was attacked by US forces, killing reporter Tareq Ayyoub and wounding another, despite the US being informed of the office's precise coordinates prior to the incident. Similarly, on November 13, 2001 the US launched a missile attack on Al Jazeera's office in Kabul during the US invasion of Afghanistan, also after being informed of its location. Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al-Haj, a Sudanese national, has also been held by US forces since the start of 2002 at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 23 November 2005, Sami Al-Haj's lawyer Clive Stafford-Smith reported that, during (125 of 130) interviews, US officials had questioned Sami as to whether Al Jazeera was a front for Al Qaeda. The reasons for his detention remain unknown, although the US official statements on detainees is that they are security threats.

In May 2003, the CIA, through the Iraqi National Congress, released documents purportedly showing that Al Jazeera had been infiltrated by Iraqi spies, and was regarded by Iraqi officials as part of their propaganda effort. As reported by the Sunday Times, the alleged spies were described by an Al Jazeera executive as having minor roles with no input on editorial decisions.

On 23 September 2003, Iraq suspended Al Jazeera (and Al-Arabiya) from reporting on official government activities for two weeks for what the Council stated as supporting recent attacks on council members and Coalition occupational forces. The move came after allegations by Iraqis who stated that the channel had incited anti-occupation violence (by airing statements from Iraqi resistance leaders), increasing ethnic and sectarian tensions, and being supportive of the resistance.

During 2004, Al Jazeera broadcast several video tapes of various kidnapping victims which had been sent to the network. The videos were filmed by the groups after kidnapping a hostage. The hostages are shown, often blindfolded, pleading for their release. They often appear to be forced to read out prepared statements of their kidnappers. Al Jazeera has assisted authorities from the home countries of the victims in an attempt to secure the release of kidnapping victims. This included broadcasting pleas from family members and government officials. Contrary to some allegations, including the oft-reported comments of Donald Rumsfeld on June 4, 2005, Al Jazeera has never shown beheadings which often appear on internet websites. [22]

On August 7, 2004, the Iraqi Allawi government shut down the Iraq office of Al Jazeera, claiming that it was responsible for presenting a negative image of Iraq, and charging the network with fueling anti-Coalition hostilities. Al Jazeera vowed to continue its reporting from inside Iraq. News photographs showed United States and Iraqi military personnel working together to close the office.[23] Initially closed by a one-month ban, the shutdown was extended indefinitely in September 2004, and the offices sealed.


On the Internet

Arabic language

The Arabic version of the site was brought offline for about 10 hours by an FBI raid on its ISP, InfoCom Corporation, on September 5, 2001. InfoCom was later convicted of exporting to Libya and Syria, of knowingly being invested in by a Hamas member (both of which are illegal in the United States), and of underpaying customs duties.[24]

English language

The station launched an English-language edition of its online content in March, 2003. [25]

Hacker attacks

Immediately after its launch, the site was attacked by hackers, who launched denial-of-service attacks and redirected visitors to a site featuring an American flag. In November, 2003, John William Racine II, a.k.a 'John Buffo', was sentenced to 1000 hours of community service and a $2000 US fine for the online disruption. Racine posed as an Al Jazeera employee to get a password to the network's site, then redirected visitors to a page he created that showed an American flag shaped like a U.S. map and a patriotic motto, court documents said. In June 2003, Racine pleaded guilty to wire fraud and unlawful interception of an electronic communication.

Provider

The site was forced to change internet hosting providers several times, due, in its opinion, to political pressure. Initially its English-language site was provided by the US-based DataPipe, which gave it notice, soon followed by Akamai Technologies.[26] They later shifted to the French branch of NavLink, and then to (and currently) AT&T WorldNet Services.

Documentaries

Al Jazeera's coverage of the invasion of Iraq was the focus of an award-winning 2004 documentary film, Control Room by Egyptian-American director Jehane Noujaim. In July 2003, PBS broadcast a documentary, called Exclusive to al-Jazeera on its program Wide Angle. Another documentary, Al-Jazeera, An Arab Voice for Freedom or Demagoguery? The UNC Tour [27] was filmed two months after the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack.

Awards

  • In November 2005, Al Jazeera was awarded by Index on Censorship for its "courage in circumventing censorship and contributing to the free exchange of information in the Arab world." [28]
  • In April 2004, Webby Awards nominated Al Jazeera as one of the five best news Web sites, along with BBC News, National Geographic, RocketNews and The Smoking Gun. According to Tifanny Schlain, the founder of the Webby Awards, this caused a controversy as [other media organisations] "felt it was a risk-taking site," . [29]
  • In December 1999, Ibn Rushd (Averoes) Fund for Freedom of Thought in Berlin awarded the "Ibn Rushd Award" for media and journalism for the year to Al Jazeera. [30]
  • In 2004, Al Jazeera was voted, by brandchannel.com, the fifth most influential global brand behind Apple Computer, Google, Ikea and Starbucks. [31]


Notes

  1. ^  El-Nawawy and Iskandar. Al-Jazeera: How the free Arab News Network Scooped the World and Changed the Middle East, Westview. ISBN.
  2. ^  Friedman, Thomas L. (12 February 1999). Fathers and Sons. New York Times: A27.
  3. ^  (da) “Al-Jazeera oversatte ikke redaktørens beklagelse,” Politiken, 2006-01-31.

Further reading

  • Mohamed Zayani (2005), The Al Jazeera Phenomenon: Critical Perspectives On New Arab Media, Paradigm Publishers
  • Marc Lynch (2005), Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today, Columbia University Press
  • Hugh Miles (2004), Al Jazeera: how Arab TV news challenged the world, Abacus
  • Mohammed El-Nawawy and Adel Iskandar (2003), Al Jazeera: The story of the network that is rattling governments and redefining modern journalism, Basic
  • Naomi Sakr (2002), Satellite Realms : Transnational Television, Globalization and the Middle East, I.B.Tauris

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. Donkey Kong appears in two The Simpsons episodes:. Another documentary, Al-Jazeera, An Arab Voice for Freedom or Demagoguery? The UNC Tour [27] was filmed two months after the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. A CG animated cartoon "Donkey Kong (DONKEY KONG)" of the U.S.-made work to which the character that appeared in the Donkey Kong Country series performed was broadcast in TV Tokyo in 1999. In July 2003, PBS broadcast a documentary, called Exclusive to al-Jazeera on its program Wide Angle. A computer generated animated television series that lasted 40 episodes was produced in 1996 by a French animation studio, released in North America as simply Donkey Kong Country. Al Jazeera's coverage of the invasion of Iraq was the focus of an award-winning 2004 documentary film, Control Room by Egyptian-American director Jehane Noujaim. There, he was shown to be the size of a large building.

Initially its English-language site was provided by the US-based DataPipe, which gave it notice, soon followed by Akamai Technologies.[26] They later shifted to the French branch of NavLink, and then to (and currently) AT&T WorldNet Services. The original version of Donkey Kong had appeared on Captain N: The Game Master (and its spin-off comic book). The site was forced to change internet hosting providers several times, due, in its opinion, to political pressure. The show aired from 1983 into 1984 on CBS. In June 2003, Racine pleaded guilty to wire fraud and unlawful interception of an electronic communication. Segments of "Saturday Supercade" featured Donkey Kong, along with Mario and Pauline (here billed as Mario's niece). map and a patriotic motto, court documents said. While its style was that of the original games, the Rare design for Donkey Kong carried over.

Racine posed as an Al Jazeera employee to get a password to the network's site, then redirected visitors to a page he created that showed an American flag shaped like a U.S. Donkey Kong, a return to the earlier arcade-style games. In November, 2003, John William Racine II, a.k.a 'John Buffo', was sentenced to 1000 hours of community service and a $2000 US fine for the online disruption. Nintendo's first title after Rare left was Mario vs. Immediately after its launch, the site was attacked by hackers, who launched denial-of-service attacks and redirected visitors to a site featuring an American flag. He was also featured on the Game & Watch Gallery handheld series. [25]. He made his last playable apperance in Mario Party 4 before being regulated to an incidental character on the game board.

The station launched an English-language edition of its online content in March, 2003. Melee, and the slew of sports titles. InfoCom was later convicted of exporting to Libya and Syria, of knowingly being invested in by a Hamas member (both of which are illegal in the United States), and of underpaying customs duties.[24]. Donkey Kong also starred in the respective sequels to the N64 games, such as Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, Super Smash Bros. The Arabic version of the site was brought offline for about 10 hours by an FBI raid on its ISP, InfoCom Corporation, on September 5, 2001. A standard GameCube controller could be used instead of the konga drums.
. Clapping or blowing in to the microphone caused an explosion, shown by a ripple in the screen, attracting assorted jewels or clearing obstacles to progress.

News photographs showed United States and Iraqi military personnel working together to close the office.[23] Initially closed by a one-month ban, the shutdown was extended indefinitely in September 2004, and the offices sealed. This platform game used the aforementioned DK Bongos as a controller — tapping one drum repeatedly made Donkey Kong run, tapping the other made him jump. Al Jazeera vowed to continue its reporting from inside Iraq. Donkey Kong fights Dread Kong, Ninja Kong, Karate Kong, and Sumo Kong. On August 7, 2004, the Iraqi Allawi government shut down the Iraq office of Al Jazeera, claiming that it was responsible for presenting a negative image of Iraq, and charging the network with fueling anti-Coalition hostilities. Donkey Kong: Jungle Beat was released in Japan in December 2004 and elsewhere in 2005. [22]. Its sequel, Donkey Konga 2, was released in 2005, while Japan got Donkey Konga 3.

Contrary to some allegations, including the oft-reported comments of Donald Rumsfeld on June 4, 2005, Al Jazeera has never shown beheadings which often appear on internet websites. The tunes included pop songs and themes from some previous Nintendo games. This included broadcasting pleas from family members and government officials. Created by Namco, this musical rhythm action game relied upon use of the DK Bongos accessory (purchasable separately or included, depending on the package) to hit a beat in time with the tune. Al Jazeera has assisted authorities from the home countries of the victims in an attempt to secure the release of kidnapping victims. Donkey Konga was released for the GameCube in 2004. They often appear to be forced to read out prepared statements of their kidnappers. Likewise, Banjo Pilot was originally titled Diddy Kong Pilot, but altered following the Microsoft acquisition.

The hostages are shown, often blindfolded, pleading for their release. Pants after the Microsoft purchase. The videos were filmed by the groups after kidnapping a hostage. Donkey Kong: Coconut Crackers was originally developed by Rare for the Game Boy Advance, but was eventually released as It's Mr. During 2004, Al Jazeera broadcast several video tapes of various kidnapping victims which had been sent to the network. Rare's ownership change led to numerous changes. The move came after allegations by Iraqis who stated that the channel had incited anti-occupation violence (by airing statements from Iraqi resistance leaders), increasing ethnic and sectarian tensions, and being supportive of the resistance. No further information about Donkey Kong Racing has since been released, leading the game to be classified as cancelled.

On 23 September 2003, Iraq suspended Al Jazeera (and Al-Arabiya) from reporting on official government activities for two weeks for what the Council stated as supporting recent attacks on council members and Coalition occupational forces. This decision is due to the fact that Microsoft does not have its own portable console in direct competition. As reported by the Sunday Times, the alleged spies were described by an Al Jazeera executive as having minor roles with no input on editorial decisions. Following the sale of Rare to Microsoft in 2002, Rare announced that they were concentrating their efforts on Xbox games, although they have continued to support Nintendo's portable consoles, the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. In May 2003, the CIA, through the Iraqi National Congress, released documents purportedly showing that Al Jazeera had been infiltrated by Iraqi spies, and was regarded by Iraqi officials as part of their propaganda effort. that had been introduced in previous Donkey Kong games by Rare. The reasons for his detention remain unknown, although the US official statements on detainees is that they are security threats. The game was called Donkey Kong Racing and showed various characters, including Donkey Kong, Diddy Kong, and Taj the Genie racing on Ellie, Expresso, Rambi, Enguard, and Zinger, and presumably, Necky, Army, and Chomps Jr.

On 23 November 2005, Sami Al-Haj's lawyer Clive Stafford-Smith reported that, during (125 of 130) interviews, US officials had questioned Sami as to whether Al Jazeera was a front for Al Qaeda. A demo for a Donkey Kong game on the GameCube, Nintendo's sixth generation console, was shown at SpaceWorld 2001. Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al-Haj, a Sudanese national, has also been held by US forces since the start of 2002 at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. While Diddy Kong Racing was these characters' first appearance in a game, they were already famous for being in development with the first installments of their own highly anticipated franchises (the instruction manual even describes them as taking a break from their own games in order to assist Diddy on his quest), and therefore cannot be said to be part of the Mario/Donkey Kong universe. Similarly, on November 13, 2001 the US launched a missile attack on Al Jazeera's office in Kabul during the US invasion of Afghanistan, also after being informed of its location. Diddy Kong Racing, released in 1997, guest-starred Banjo of the Banjo-Kazooie games and Conker the Squirrel of Conker's Bad Fur Day and Conker's Pocket Tales. On April 8, 2003 Al Jazeera's office in Baghdad was attacked by US forces, killing reporter Tareq Ayyoub and wounding another, despite the US being informed of the office's precise coordinates prior to the incident. While still under Rare's influence, numerous spin-offs of Donkey Kong were created.

[21]. In nearly all of these games, Donkey Kong is usually presented as a powerful and heavy character, but slow and cumbersome. Also in the run-up to the war the US Pentagon hired the Rendon Group to target and possibly punish Al Jazeera reporters who did not stay on message. He was also a selectable character in Super Smash Bros.. On April 3, 2003, Al Jazeera withdrew its journalists from the country, citing unreasonable interference from Iraqi officials. In the Mario Party series, he was a playable character in all three titles released for the N64. In addition, one of its reporters, Tayseer Allouni, was banned from the country by the Iraqi Information Ministry, while another one, Diyar Al-Omari, was banned from reporting in Iraq (both decisions were later retracted). Since then, he has appeared in every outing featuring Mario's all-star cast.

During the Iraq war, Al Jazeera faced the same reporting and movement restrictions as other news-gathering organizations. Mario Kart 64 reintroduced DK to Mario's world. For example, on April 27, 2004, State Department spokesman Richard Boucher, said, "On Iraq they have established a pattern of false reporting." (WSVN). In Donkey Kong 64 DK once again had the starring role as he joined forces with Diddy Kong, Tiny Kong, Lanky Kong, and Chunky Kong to save Donkey Kong Island from destruction at the hand of the Kremlings. The administration has voiced such criticisms of Al Jazeera. A successful Nintendo 64 sequel was also developed. Critics have drawn the conclusion that the Bush administration's distaste for the station's reporting of the invasion of Iraq was the underlying motivation, yet there is no evidence to support such a claim aside from mere speculation. The Donkey Kong Land series for the Game Boy were smaller and slightly modified versions of the "Country" games.

The move was quickly mirrored by Nasdaq stock market officials. In Donkey Kong Country 3 (in Japan, Super Donkey Kong 3) he and Diddy both got kidnapped, and Dixie and her cousin Kiddy Kong had to save them in the final game of the series for the SNES. On March 4, 2003, during the run-up to the invasion of Iraq, the New York Stock Exchange banned Al Jazeera (as well as several other news organizations whose identities were not revealed) from its trading floor indefinitely, citing "security concerns" as the official reason. Rool) and getting rescued by Diddy Kong and his girlfriend Dixie Kong, in a less cheery and a more darkly-themed game. They have mockingly taken to calling it "Al-Khinzeera," which means "The Pig.". Rool (now Kaptain K. Some have suggested the media outlet is a source of disinformation and a front for Western intelligence agencies. The official sequel, Donkey Kong Country 2 (Super Donkey Kong 2) involves Donkey being kidnapped by King K.

Al Jazeera has been criticized by many of its Muslim viewers for giving air time to Israeli officials. As is the case with the multiple Links and Zeldas in the Legend of Zelda series, the player really has no choice but to ignore all given stories and form their own personal conclusions as to which character is who. Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al Hajj was detained in Afghanistan as an "enemy combatant" in December 2001, and is now held without charge in Camp Delta at Guantánamo Bay. games contradict this, calling DK the one true original. Both of these attacks occurred despite Al Jazeera's provision of the locations of their offices to the United States. However, DK's biographies in the Super Smash Bros. In light of this allegation, Al Jazeera has questioned whether it has been targeted deliberately in the past — Al Jazeera's Kabul office was bombed in 2001 and a missile hit its office in Baghdad during the invasion of Iraq killing correspondent Tariq Ayoub. In Issue No.8 of the Nintendo Online Magazine in Nintendo's Japanese website ([1]), it is stated that the current Donkey Kong is Cranky's grandson (who is confirmed to be the original Donkey Kong in the same issue) and list Junior as a separate character.

Marines were conducting a contentious assault on Fallujah. Rareware released an official statement some time ago, stating that Cranky is indeed the DK of the arcades and that the current Donkey Kong is DK Jr. Bush had considered bombing Al Jazeera's Doha headquarters in April 2004, when U.S. Arguments pointing out that Cranky and Donkey seem to be of the same size in Donkey Kong Country have been risen. President George W. However, in both Super Smash Brothers titles, Kong and Mario are nearly the same height, leading to speculation that Cranky may indeed be larger than Mario, but Donkey was simply a small grandson. On November 22, 2005, the UK tabloid The Daily Mirror published a story claiming that it had obtained a leaked memo from 10 Downing Street saying that U.S. As well, in the original arcade series, Donkey Kong is clearly far larger than Mario.

[20]. This is also contradicted by the in-game dialogue from Donkey Kong 64, as Cranky specifically calls DK his son. On January 30, 2005 the New York Times reported that the Qatari government, under pressure from the Bush administration, was speeding up plans to sell the station. Other sources, including the manual of Donkey Kong Country1 and in-game dialogue from other games in the series, suggest that the Donkey Kong in Donkey Kong Country is Cranky's grandson and the son of Donkey Kong Junior. government. Some sources, such as Nintendo Power, suggest that the Donkey Kong in the Country series was the son of Cranky Kong, the original Donkey Kong from the arcade game, which would equate him with Donkey Kong Junior. In 2004 the competing Arabic-language satellite TV station Al Hurra was launched, funded by the U.S. The game was an action sidescrolling title similar to the Mario games and was enormously popular for its graphics, music and gameplay.

Government spokespersons have often cited what they claim as bias on the part of the broadcaster. Rool and his Kremling Krew. While prior to September 11th, 2001, the United States government lauded Al Jazeera for its role as an independent media outlet in the Middle East, since then it has reversed course dramatically. In Donkey Kong Country, DK was the hero and he and his sidekick Diddy Kong had to save his hoard of bananas from the thieving King K. [19]. Severing DK's ties to the Mario world (until Mario Kart 64), Donkey Kong Country established a whole new world for DK, and became a showcase title to show off then-revolutionary 3D CGI graphics. He denied the revocation has anything to do with the network's Iraq war coverage. Donkey Kong Country was an entirely new DK franchise established by the British company Rareware which took the Donkey Kong premise in an entirely new direction.

NYSE spokesman Ray Pellechia claimed "security reasons" and that the exchange had decided to give access only to networks that focus "on responsible business coverage". Shortly after that, he appeared in Donkey Kong Country (in Japan, Super Donkey Kong). On 25 March 2003, two of its reporters covering the New York Stock Exchange had their credentials revoked. Donkey Kong's and Pauline's respective character designs were updated for this game (DK now wore a tie and Pauline was made into a brunette to distinguish her from Peach). Nevertheless, CNN cut its ties with Al Jazeera for several months over this controversy. In 1994, Nintendo produced a remake of the original game for the Game Boy (known under the informal title of "Donkey Kong '94" to disambiguate it from the original) which contained 97 new stages (most of which were puzzle-oriented) in addition to the original four from the Arcade game. Al Jazeera countered that it was merely making information available without comment, and indeed several western television channels later followed suit in broadcasting portions of the tapes. Throughout the 1980s, eight Donkey Kong games were released for the Game & Watch platform.

This led to criticism by the United States government that Al Jazeera was engaging in propaganda on behalf of terrorists. In Donkey Kong 3 DK broke into a greenhouse and got chased out by Stanley the Bugman, who carried a spray can to protect his greenhouse from Donkey Kong's insects. Friedman called Al-Jazeera "the freest, most widely watched TV network in the Arab world."[18] The station first gained widespread attention in the west following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, when it broadcast videos in which Osama bin Laden and Sulaiman Abu Ghaith defended and justified the attacks. to rescue him. In 1999, New York Times reporter Thomas L. In Donkey Kong Junior Donkey Kong was kidnapped by Mario and players had to control his son Donkey Kong Jr. Websites such as Free Taysir Alony and Alony Solidarity were created to support Alony. Donkey Kong spawned two sequels, neither of which were as popular as the original arcade hit.

Many international and private organizations condemned the arrest and called on the Spanish court to free Taysir Alony. The game was quite revolutionary for its time, featuring multiple, distinct levels, large colorful graphics, and a unique form of play control. [17]. The game was also sold as a Game & Watch unit in 1982. Although he pleaded not guilty of all the charges against him, Allouni was sentenced on 26 September to seven years in prison for merely interviewing Bin Laden after the September 11th attack on the United States. This game was first released in the arcades, but was ported to home video game consoles and home computers. Allouni asked the court for permission to visit his family in Syria to attend the funeral of his mother, but authorities denied his request and ordered him back to jail. As the player advances through each level, the degree of difficulty increases proportionately.

On 19 September, a Spanish court issued an arrest warrant for al-Jazeera correspondent Taysir Allouni, before the expected verdict. Each screen is a game stage, with stages grouping to form levels. He was nevertheless released several weeks later for health concerns, but was prohibited from leaving the country. In the original Donkey Kong game, the player's character, Mario (originally called Jumpman in Japan), must jump over barrels thrown by Donkey Kong while climbing ladders up a crooked construction site to reach the top of the screen to rescue his girlfriend Pauline (who was originally called Lady in Japan). Judge Baltasar Garzón, who had issued the arrest warrant, ordered Allouni held indefinitely without bail. Snopes debunked these myths in "Donkey Wrong.". Reporter Taysir Allouni was arrested in Spain on 5 September 2003, on a charge of having provided support for members of Al-Qaida. According to Snopes, Donkey was chosen because Miyamoto intended it "to convey a sense of stubbornness." Various urban legends have circulated, saying that the actual name was to be "Monkey Kong" but was changed by accident for the American release.

Bahrain Information Minister Nabil al-Hamr banned Al Jazeera correspondents from reporting from inside the country on 10 May 2002, saying that the station was biased towards Israel and against Bahrain.[16] After improvements in relations between Bahrain and Qatar in 2004, Al Jazeera correspondents returned to Bahrain. The name was chosen by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto as a combination of the word "Kong", since the movie King Kong had caused it 'to colloquially mean monkey' in Japan. Also, it is alleged that several Algerian cities lost power simultaneously to keep residents from watching a program that implicated the Algerian military in a series of massacres. Due to the huge success of Donkey Kong, Nintendo of America was able to grow and release many more games in succeeding years, and had the resources necessary to release the Nintendo Entertainment System in the United States. The international pressure group Reporters Without Borders says, however, that the measure was really taken in reprisal for a broadcast the previous week of a debate on the political situation in Algeria. This incident was selected as #20 "Universal Goes Ape" in GameSpy's The 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming. The official reason given was that a reorganisation of the work of foreign correspondents was in progress. Ironically, it was MCA Universal that previously won a lawsuit declaring King Kong was in the public domain.

The Algerian government froze the activities of Al Jazeera's Algerian correspondent on July 4, 2004. Nintendo's lawyer, Howard Lincoln, who would go on to become a Senior Vice President of the company, discovered that Universal didn't own the copyright to King Kong either, and was able to not only win the lawsuit, but got Universal to pay the legal costs. It has more than a hundred editorial staff. If victorious, this lawsuit would have crushed Nintendo of America, and the history of videogames would have been drastically altered. The Editor-in-Chief of the Arabic website is Abdel Aziz Al Mahmoud, and the editorial head is Mohammad Dawood. However, MCA Universal sued Nintendo over copyright violations, claiming that Donkey Kong was a copy of King Kong. The latest in a string of managing editors of the English-language site is Russell Merryman, who is currently caretaking the site after the departures of Omar Bec, Joanne Tucker, Ahmed Sheikh and Alison Balharry. The gameplay itself was a large improvement over other games of its time, and with the growing base of arcades to sell to, it was able to gain huge distribution.

The managing director for the yet-to-be-launched Al Jazeera International is Nigel Parsons. It was likely the first game with a "hero", a "villain", and a "damsel in distress." Sales of the machine were brisk, with the game becoming one of the best-selling arcade machines of the early 1980s. The current Managing Director of the Arabic channel is Waddah Khanfar, who is supported by Ahmed Sheikh, Editor-in-Chief, and Amen Jaballah. The result was a major breakthrough for Nintendo and for the videogame industry. The Chairman of Al Jazeera is Sheikh Hamad bin Thamer al-Thani, a distant cousin of Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani. Donkey Kong was created when Shigeru Miyamoto was assigned by Nintendo to convert Radar Scope, a poor selling arcade game in the U.S., into a game that would appeal more to Americans. Al Jazeera's web-based service is accessible subscription-free throughout the world, though the English and Arabic sections appear to be editorially distinct, with their own selection of news and comment. .

Al Jazeera can be freely viewed with a DVB-S receiver as it is broadcast on the Astra and Hot Bird satellites. Like many Nintendo franchises, Donkey Kong was created by Shigeru Miyamoto. In the US, it is available through satellite. Donkey Kong (Japanese: ドンキーコング) is a gorilla character from Nintendo that appeared in many video games since 1981. Al Jazeera's programming is available worldwide through various satellite and cable systems. Eddie the Mean Old Yeti. In the United States, video footage from the network is largely limited to showing the mercy pleas of hostages. Inka Dinka Doo.

Al Jazeera is now considered a fairly mainstream media network, though more controversial than most. Bluster Kong. In January 2003, the BBC announced that it had signed an agreement with Al Jazeera for sharing facilities and information, including news footage. Wrinkly Kong. Increasingly, Al Jazeera's exclusive interviews and other footage are being rebroadcast in American, British, and other western media outlets such as CNN and the BBC. Donkey Kong Jr. As a result, it is probably the most watched news channel in the Middle East. Mario Mario.

Some scholars and commentators use the notion of contextual objectivity[13][14], which highlights the tension between objectivity and audience appeal, to describe the station's controversial yet popular news approach [15]. Rool. Many people see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels. King K. It is widely believed internationally that inhabitants of the Arab world are given limited information by their governments and media, and that what is conveyed is biased towards the governments' views. Swanky Kong. [12]. Cranky Kong.

With Al-Jazeera's growing global outreach and influence, some who thought of them as an "alternative media" source have changed their minds. Funky Kong. He described his new position as "the most interesting job on Earth." [10] On 6 February 2006 it was announced that the former BBC reporter Rageh Omaar would host a daily weeknights documentary series, Witness [11]. Kiddy Kong. [9] The network announced on 12 January 2006 that former Nightline correspondent Dave Marash would be the co-anchor from their Washington studio. Chunky Kong. On 2 December 2005, Stephen Cole, a senior anchor on BBC World and Click Online presenter, announced he was joining Al-Jazeera International. Tiny Kong.

[6] [7] [8]. Lanky Kong. He commented that "In a time when American media has become so nationalised, I'm excited about joining an organisation that truly wants to be a source of global information..." [5] Former CNN and BBC news anchorwoman and award winning journalist Veronica Pedrosa and veteran UK broadcaster David Frost have also joined the team, along with Riz Khan, a former BBC reporter who most recently was host of the CNN talk show Q&A, CNN producer James Wright, and Kieran Baker, a former editor and producer for CNN. Candy Kong. Rushing will be working from the Washington DC Bureau. Dixie Kong. He was the press officer for the United States Central Command during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and in that role was featured in the documentary Control Room. Diddy Kong.

In September 2005, Josh Rushing joined Al Jazeera International. In "Marge Be Not Proud", he tries to convince Bart to steal a video game. The channel will be a 24-hours 7-days a week news channel with 12 hours broadcasted from Doha and four hours from each of London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C. (reference to the arcade). The new channel will have broadcast centers in Doha (current Al Jazeera headquarters and broadcast center), London, Kuala Lumpur, and Washington D.C., when the station launches in March 2006. "Hey! He's still got it!" observes the man. On July 4, 2005 Al Jazeera officially announced plans to launch a new English-language satellite service called Al Jazeera International.[4] Al Jazeera has announced this long-expected move in an attempt to provide news about the Arab world, especially Israel, from the Middle Eastern perspective. A man walks by, saying he's "just not a draw anymore." Kong replies by throwing him a barrel.

Unlike Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya focuses on covering the news without stirring controversies. In "The Springfield Files", he appears in a local arcade. In response to Al Jazeera, a group of Saudi investors created Al Arabiya in the first quarter of 2003. However, it wasn't until late 2001 that Al Jazeera achieved worldwide popularity when it broadcast video statements by Al Qaeda leaders. Its well-presented documentary on the Lebanese Civil War in 2000-2001 gave its viewer ratings a boost.

In the beginning, Al Jazeera tried to increase its viewership by means of presenting controversial views regarding the governments of many Gulf states including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain (ironically, Qatar is not included in this list), Syria's relationship with Lebanon, and the Egyptian judiciary. Many former BBC staff members joined Al Jazeera. In April of that year, BBC World's Arabic language TV station, faced with censorship demands by the Saudi Arabian government, had shut down after two years of operation. The channel began broadcasting in late 1996.

Other major sources of income include advertising, cable subscription fees, broadcasting deals with other companies, and sale of footage (according to Pravda,[2] "Al-Jazeera received $20,000 per minute for Bin Laden's speech".) In 2000, advertising accounted for 40% of the station's revenue.[3]. It aimed to become self-sufficient through advertising by 2001, but when this failed to occur, the emir agreed to continue subsidizing it on a year-by-year basis (US$30 million in 2004,[1] according to Arnaud de Borchgrave). Al Jazeera was started with a US$150 million grant from the emir of Qatar. It now rivals the BBC in worldwide audiences with an estimated 50 million viewers.

Al Jazeera claims to be the only politically independent television station in the Middle East. . It's English language website at http://english.aljazeera.net/HomePage, should not be confused with Aljazeera.com, an unrelated English language website that publishes news and opinion pieces of an inflammatory nature about current affairs in the Middle East. In addition to its TV channels, Al Jazeera operates Arabic and an English language websites.

Future announced products include an English-language channel, Al Jazeera International, and a channel specializing in documentaries, and possible music channels or an international newspaper. These include Al Jazeera Sports, a popular Arabic-language sports channel, Al Jazeera Live, which broadcasts conferences in real time without editing or commentary, and the Al Jazeera Children's Channel. Al Jazeera operates several specialized television channels in addition to its primary news channel. The station gained worldwide attention following the September 11, 2001 attacks, when it broadcast video statements by Osama bin Laden and other Al Qaeda leaders (see Videos of Osama bin Laden).

Its willingness to broadcast dissenting views, including on call-in shows, created controversies in the autocratic Persian Gulf Arab States. Al Jazeera (Arabic: الجزيرة al-Ǧazīrä), meaning "The Island" or "The Peninsula" is an Arabic-language television channel based in Doha, Qatar. Naomi Sakr (2002), Satellite Realms : Transnational Television, Globalization and the Middle East, I.B.Tauris. Mohammed El-Nawawy and Adel Iskandar (2003), Al Jazeera: The story of the network that is rattling governments and redefining modern journalism, Basic.

Hugh Miles (2004), Al Jazeera: how Arab TV news challenged the world, Abacus. Marc Lynch (2005), Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today, Columbia University Press. Mohamed Zayani (2005), The Al Jazeera Phenomenon: Critical Perspectives On New Arab Media, Paradigm Publishers. ^  (da) “Al-Jazeera oversatte ikke redaktørens beklagelse,” Politiken, 2006-01-31.

New York Times: A27.. Fathers and Sons. (12 February 1999). ^  Friedman, Thomas L.

ISBN.. Al-Jazeera: How the free Arab News Network Scooped the World and Changed the Middle East, Westview. ^  El-Nawawy and Iskandar. [31].

In 2004, Al Jazeera was voted, by brandchannel.com, the fifth most influential global brand behind Apple Computer, Google, Ikea and Starbucks. [30]. In December 1999, Ibn Rushd (Averoes) Fund for Freedom of Thought in Berlin awarded the "Ibn Rushd Award" for media and journalism for the year to Al Jazeera. [29].

According to Tifanny Schlain, the founder of the Webby Awards, this caused a controversy as [other media organisations] "felt it was a risk-taking site," . In April 2004, Webby Awards nominated Al Jazeera as one of the five best news Web sites, along with BBC News, National Geographic, RocketNews and The Smoking Gun. In November 2005, Al Jazeera was awarded by Index on Censorship for its "courage in circumventing censorship and contributing to the free exchange of information in the Arab world." [28].